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THE UNIVERSITY 3 
OF ILLINOIS. 
LIBRARY 
58Aa4 71 


EaGm ~ . 
13/3 


NATURAL 
RISTORY 


eA ee 


‘~ mh tas ye 
ho a 


MANUAL OF BOTANY 


FOR THE 


NORTHERN AND MIDDLE 


28+ ae 


PART I. 


CONTAINING 
GENERIC DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PLANTS TO THE 
NORTH OF VIRGINIA, WITH REFERENCES TO 
THE NATURAL ORDERS OF LINNZZUS 


: 2 AND JUSSIEU. 
© . — 
. PART I. 
#. SA (i 
+e CONTAINING 


SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS OF THE INDIGENOUS 
PLANTS, WHICH ARE WELL DEFINED 
AND ESTABLISHED ; AND OF THE 
CULTIVATED EXOTICS, 


BY AMOS EATON, A. M. 


Lecturer on Botany, Mineralogy and Chemistry. 
Corresponding Member of the Lyceum of Natural History 
of New-York. 


Second Edition, corrected and enlarged 


ALBANY : 


PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY WEBSTERS AND SKINNERS. 
spoon 


1813. by 


aft di 


NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW-YORK, ss. 


BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the twelfth day of 
May, in the forty-first year of the Independence of the 
United States of America, Wessters and Sxinnens, of the 
said district, have deposited in this office, the title of a 
book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the 
words following, to wit: . 


‘A Manual of Botany for the Northern and Middle 
“States. Part I Containing Generic Descriptions of the 
“ Plants to the North of Virginia, with references to the 
“ Natural Orders of Linnzus and -Jussieu. Part II. Con- 
“taining Specific Descriptions of the Indigenous P 
“€ which are weil defined and established ; and of the culti- 
“ vated Exotics. By Amos Eaton, A. M. Lecturer on Bota- 
“ny, Mineralogy and Chemistry ; Corresponding Member - 
“‘ of the Lyceum of Natural History of New-York. Second 
“ edition, corrected and enlarged.” 


In conformity to the act of the Congress of the ‘United 
States, entitled “ an act for the encouragement of learning, 
by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the 
authors and proprieters of such copies, during the times 
therein mentioned,” and also to an act entitled “an act 
supplementary to an act entitled an act for the encourage- 
ment of learning, by securing the copies of niaps, charts, 
and books, to the auihors and proprietors of such copies, 
during the times therein mentioned, and extending the 
benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and 
stching historical and other prints.” 


RICHARD R. LANSING, 
Clerk of the N. District of New-York. 


ec e ao IV, FT be, 
1912 TO THE REVEREND 
ZEPHANIAH SWIFT MOORE, D.D. 
PRESIDENT OF 
WILLIAMS COLLEGE, (Mass.) 
REVEREND 
CHESTER DEWEY, A. M. 


PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS, 
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND CHEMISTRY : 


AND. THE REVEREND 
EBENEZER KELLOGG, A. M. 
PROFESSOR OF LANGUAGES. 


The Science of Botany is indebted to you for 
its first introduction into the interior of the Nor- 
thern States. And I am indebted to you for a 
passport into the scientific world ; after that pro- 
tracted series of misfortunes, which sunk me to 
the lowest ebb of human misery. 


Permit me, therefore, 
TO INSCRIBE TO YOU 
THIS MANUAE, 


AS A TESTIMONY OF THAT GRATITUDE 
AND ESTEEM, WHICH IS DUE 

TO THE PATRONS OF SCIENCE, 
AND OF SUFFERING HUMANITY. 


YOUR GRATEFUL. 


HUMBLE SERVANT, 


AMOS EATON. 


tn? seas Met 


earl ibliceies bikie séahe xtt capa a A 
S ot i ec ipane wot food sq 


om 1 55 Mag, wh a apn 3 

iar selena Aang: Auxte ine Vig 450% 3 sin Ob, fine 

<< qeitebimnbas die aestia. bijts ARTE cam a ol Ber 

cers einanne so one, het ane § 
pestle etree #2 Wie Pai? nies 3708 Bh ; rf a . 
pet howell nid # DAO. a ae : f 


JT Upabidle: pect thet ization weer tt nigel ie : 

ed tel toa eri opera G yee igh ri 
| | CS apie tage isi he ge Tait isttont Maoh.” 

oflied «3 IIA Be 8 Sh TIC 6 BAM OLS, 5 > 

. iy ree SD toch ote hast Hebi 

as BOM,  chylihny eeloaqaegaal 

Wed af 


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Satta lie SR ace te 


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> 

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e 

. 

a oy Bos 

bere deae as 


PREFACKH. 


A preface is unnecessary to a work which comes out un- 
der the authority of a great name ; more especially if it be 
the name of an European. But whena native American pre- 
sents to his countrymen a book, purporting to be a work re- 
lating to science, he must be very particular to tell us, “ by 
what authority he does these things.’”* 

The first edition of the Manual was published by the stu- 
dents of Williams College, for their own private use. As they 
struck off about five hundred copies, the work became con- 
siderably known. Orders were received by Messrs. Web- 
sters and Skinners, in the course of the last season, for more 
than could besupplied. I was consequently solicited by the 
teachers of botany from almost every part of the Northern 
States, to enlarge the wor k, and publish another edition. In 
compliance with these requests this edition was undertaken. 

Ihave now included all the species of indigenous plants, 
growing in the United States, to the north of Virginia; whose 
characters are clear and settled. f have not followed those 
botanists, however, who are so enthusiastically devoted to 
cutting up and new-naming. Where the division of a genus 
seemed to be founded in nature, I have adopted it ; provided 
fhad specimens before me sufficient to enable me to judge. 
The reader is not to suppose, that I have seen all the plants 
described in this Manual. I have in my collection but about 
sixteen hundred of them. But FE have been very cautious to 
_adopt nothing without the highest authority. 

To make a proper selection of exotics, I found to be the 
most difficult task. The rule, which I adopted, was ; to in- 
clude every species, which a learn to have been culti- 

2 


Fifa 


vated in the interior of New-England and New-York. Buf 
I presume there are many, which have not fallen under my 
observation. 

The genera are arranged according to #he Linnean artifi- 
cial system, improved by Smith and Persoon. N othing can 
be more interesting, than the study of the natural affinities 
of plants. But there has been no natural arrangement yet 
devised by which we can find out the names of plants to 
which we are-strangers. We must therefore follow the Lin- 
hean-system, as the only safe guide to direct our steps among 
strangers in the vegetable kingdom.* 

The species of cryptozamous plants, excepting the ferns, 
are not complete. No botanist has hitherto settled their 
jocalties in our district of country, to any considerable ex- 
tent. I have included all which have been examined by Dr. 
Bigelow, Professor Dewey, and myself. But our researches 
in this department have been very limited, Some species I 
have taken from Dr. Muhlenberg ; others have been adopted 
on very slight unsatisfactory examination. The generic cha- 
racters are chiefly from Sprenger, in the first, second and 
third orders—from Linneus in the fourth and sixth—from 
Smith’s translation of Acharius in the fifth. On the whole, 
¥ have reason to hope, that the generic characters of the 
cryptogamous plants will be pretty satisfactory. 

The generic descriptions of the phenogamous plants, are 
chiefly a mere translation of so much of Persoon, as come 
within the compass ofmy design. The specific descriptions, 


* Mr. Rafinesque, and several other learned botanists, cone 
sider a natural classification, a/one, adequate to the purpose 
of investigating plants. Ina letter, which I received from 
that gentleman, he says: ‘*I hope to be able, at-some future 
period, to convince you, and many more, that you have not 
yetacorrect idea of the natural classification.” I am sure, no 
botanist will hesitate to receive Mr. R’s natural classifica- 
tion, when he shall have so far perfected it, that our pupils 
can dispense with the artificial arrangement, But I fear, 
this great desideratum is very distant, 


[7 ] 


where there are but few species in a genus, are also mostly 
from Persoon. But where the species are numerous, andof 
course longer descriptions than Persoon gives are required, 
I have generally given a translation of Willdenow’s descrip- 
tions, taken from Pursh. 

In giving English names and popular characters, I have 
been governed by the best authorities, which { could procure.* 
But these names are so variable and so different in different 
neighborhoods, they are never to be relied on, without test- 
ing the plants by their essential characters. As we always 
remember a plant better by an English, than by a Latin name, 
itis advisable for students to name all plants in English. 
A mere translation of the specific name, after the manner of 
Muhlenberg, does not appear to be of much use. Students 
may better assume the most common English name of the 
genus, and prefix to it an adjective, descriptive of its most 
striking character. Take for example the Aster novae-an- 
gliae. I would not call it the New-England star-flower ; be- 
cause more than twenty species would be entitled to the 
game appellation. But I would fix upon some ofits mast 
«triking characters, drawn from an inspection of the plant ; 
as ear-leaf star-flower, gay star-flower, Kc. 

I have given neither synonyms nor authorities, except- 
ing in cases where they appeared indispensable. To have 
given them partially would have been of very little use ; and 
to have given them complete would have greatly encreased 
the size of the book. To know the various synonyms and 
the author of every discovery, is never interesting to students 
in botany at the first outset. But after making such progress, 
as to begin to extend their researches to larger works, syno- 
nyms and authorities become interesting, and even necessary. 
It may be proper to inform such persons, that Mr. Edwin 
James, of Albany, is preparing a list of synonyms and au- 
thorities for publication ; which will serye as a key to all 


* See note to page 96, 


[ 8 ] 


works on American botany, as well as to Dispensatories and. 
works on Materia Medica. 

In technical descriptions, where errors cannot be detected 
by the sense, perfect accuracy cannot Be expected. 

In Persoon’s Synopsis, which is so celebrated for its accu- 
racy, he has himself discovered and noted ninety-nine er- 
rors. AndI have found about sixty errors in it, while engag- 
ed in this work, which he overlooked. In this Manual all 
the essential errors will either be found corrected in the ers 
rata, or-they may be corrected by comparing different parts. 
For. example, some of the references to the natural or- 
ders are set down wrong. These may be corrected by look- 
ing over the enumeration of the genera, under Jussieu’s or- 
ders, &c. 

‘Ihave ventured upon my own opinion in but very few cas- 
es. A great proportion of this work was translated two 
years ago, under the immediate inspection of professor Ives, 
of Yale College. The plan of the work, and a great propor- 
tion of the materials were examined by Dr. James McBride, 
of South-Carolina ; while he was at New-Haven, in the sum- 
mer of 1816. Several questions and doubts having arisen 
in my mind since that time, I made_a long list ef queries, 
which I presented to Dr. Jacob Bigelow, of Boston, last win- 
ter. Most of these he answered ina very satisfactory man- 
ner ; and added many interesting remarks, which have been 
highly useful tome. During the last two years, I have been 
in the habit of corresponding with Dr. John Torrey, of New- 
York, upon all questions of doubt and difficulty. This gen- 
tleman’s situation, joined to his habit of accurate observa- 
tion, enabled him to answer all enquiries of this nature in a 
very satisfactory manner. He has free access to the best col. 
lections in this country, and to the best American and Euro- 
pean authorities. But what renders his opinions of still high- 
er authority, he enjoys the advantage of a regular corres- 
pondence with Mr. Elliot, of South Carolina (who is a second 
Muhlenberg) and is inthe habit of conferring with a Hosack, 


reg 
a Mitchill, a Le Conte, an Eddy, Mr. Rafinesque, and others 
experienced naturalists. 

“ Notwithstanding these and other checks, I may still have 
misjudged, and shall need much public indulgence. The 
new species, which I have given as my own discoveries, have 
been particularly examined by others, and their advice de- 
liberately taken. The new species of Messrs. Le Conte, Ed- 
dy and Torrey, were obligingly sent to me by Mr. Torrey. 

‘Ina work of this kind, which is expressly designed for 
those, who are not adepts in. botany, some remarks upon 
the adventages of the study of this science might be expect- 
ed. The annexed letter, which I received from Dr. Ho- 
sack, while I was giving a course of lectures at Catskill 
academy, gives such an excellent and concise view of this 
branch of learning ; that I venture to publish it, eoge with- 
out the author’s consent or knowledge. 


New-York, August 30th, 1810. 
Dear Sir, 

Ireceived yours of the 8th instant, and am happy to be 
informed of the progress of the Botanical Institution at Cats- 
kill under your direction, You have set an example that, I 
do not doubt, will be followed by many, if not’most, of the 
academies throughout the state. Iam satisfied, there is no 
study so well calculated to occupy the young mind, as the 
study of natural history. It affords an agreeable exercise to 
the memory, at the same time that it teaches us the habit of 
attentively observing those objects which otherwise we pass 
by with careless indifference. We acquire by this study a 
habit of analysis, or investigation, that cannot be attained by 
those pursuits, that are usually made the subjects of educa- 
tion at this early age. 

Since. my acquaintance with the principles upon which the 
subject of natural history are arranged, I certainly look with 
very different eyes upon every object that falls under my 
view, whether it be the production of nature or of art. 


[ to ]} 


In early life, before our external senses. are completely 
envolved ; when we are, in truth, endeavoring to bring them 
into exercise and use; it has. always apperes to mea ve 
absurd practice in our schools, to occupy children with stu- 
dies of an abstract nature, and which require faculties. to 
comprehend them, that are not yet unfolded. 

You have adopted, in my opinion, the true system of ed- 
ucation ; and very. properly address yourself to the senses 
-and.to the memory, instead.of the faculties of judgment and. 
of reason, which are comparatirely of slow growth. By this 
system of instruction their minds will be stored with truths, 
that cannot fail. to. prove useful : not only as they exercise 
their faculties in acquiring them ;. but from the information 
which they also thereby receive upon a very interesting 
subject of human learning. 

But this is not all. In proportion as the mind attaches 
itself to. suhjecte of this sort, it is diverted from those vi- 
cious propensities and pursuits, which otherwise attract at- 
tention at their early period of life. Studies of this nature 
too are no less calculated to improve the morals of youth; 
inasmuch as the mind is naturally led from the contempla. 
tion of the beauties of creation to that intelligence and pow- 
er which gave them birth. Thereby improving their virtue, 
as well as their wisdom ; which should always be kept in 
view, inasmuch-as happiness is the great end of all our pur- 
suits. . 

Lord Kaimes, in his Elements of Criticism, has very pro- 
perly observed, that ‘ among the many branches of educa, 
** tion, that, which tends to make deep impressions of virtue, 
* ought to be a fundamental object ina well regulated gov- 
‘ernment. For depravity of manners will render ineffectu- 
**al the most salutary laws; and in the midst of opulence, 
** what other means to prevent such depravity, but early and 
** virtuous discipline.” Tee Ae 
* Such is the System you are pursuing, independent of the 
wide field to which you will hereafter lead your pupils, 


Ej 


wherein they will learn the uses of plarits as articles of med- 
icine, of agriculture, and of the arts. At the same time they 
will acquire a knowledge of the native productions of our 
ewn soil and country, which are ye! unexplored. 

The state of New-York having passed an act for the pur- 
chase of the Botanic garden in the neighborhood of this city, 
I hope tosee among its fruits the establishment of many sim- 
ilar institutions throughout the state ; as so many scions from 
this parent’stock. By the diffusion of botanical knowledge, 
T anticipate the discovery of many valuable plants ; which 
are this moment trodden-under foct as-unworthy of regard. 

To your pupils and their teacher, as first on the field, much 
praise isdue. I doubt not they will reap both pleasure and 
profit, as the reward of their enterprise. If I can contri- 
bute to either, I shall be happy to do it, in. any manner that 
you may suggest. 

You have stated to me, that it is the intention of the trus- 
tees of your academy to set apart two or three acres for the 
cultivation of plants, to be made the subjects of instruction ; 
and to erect a green-house for the more valuable exotics. 
If these be effected, I shall have it in my power to supply 
you with the necessary plants from the Botanic garden here. 
Its produce will be sufficient ina short time to furnish 
plants fora small garden, connected with every academy 
throughout the state. 

Isincerely wish your example may be followed. ‘“Noth- 
ing could so effectually tend to the investigation of the native 
products of our country. 


Tam yours, respectfully, 


D. HOSACK. 
Amos Eater, Esq. 


In confirmation of the opinion of Dr. Hosack, that subjects 
of natural history, when taught familiarly and practically, 
are well adapted to the capacities of those who have net 


f 12} 
been liberally ail cated ; it may not be improper to subjoin 


the following, It is only the last paragraph, which can be 


interesting tothe public. : 


Northampton, (Mass. ) Nov. 24th, 1817. 
To all, whom it may concern : . 

On the recommendation of the president and faculty of 
Williams College, together with that of professors Silli- 
man and Ives, of Yale College, and professor Mitchill, of 
New-York ; Mr. Amos Eaton was employed. in this town to 
deliver a course of lectures on botany, and a course of even- 
ing lectures on the elements of cliemistry, mineralogy and 
geology. He has now closed his course, to the entire satis- 
faction of his employers, and, we think, mucli t to the advan- 
tage of his pupils. i hae 

As his class consisted chiefly of ladies, and as these 
branches of learning have not hitherto generally engaged 
the attention of that sex ; we take the liberty to state, that, 
from this experiment, we feel authorised to recommend 
these branches as a very useful part of female education. 


CALEB STRONG, 
flate Governor of the state of Massachusetts i 


SOLOMON WILLIAMS, 
[D. D. Pastor of the Presbyterian church in Northampton } 


EBENEZER HUNT, [Physician.] 
JOSIAH DWIGHT, [County clerk] 
ELIJAH H. MILLS, eg 
[Representative in Congress.} 
DAVID HUNT, [Physician.] 


INTRODUCTION. 5 | 


LINNEAN SYSTEM OF VEGETABLES. 


All Vegetables are divided into twenty-two* cuasszs. 
These cxuasses are divided intoorners. Onrnens are divided 
intocenrrna. Genera aredivided into species. Species are 
frequently changed into varieties. Varieties, however, are 
more properly within the province of the Gardner, than of 
the Botanist; at least the method of procuring varieties. 


When a Botanist sees a plant, which he never saw before, 
and wishes to know its name and uses ; he proceeds as fol- 


lows: 


1. He takes the unknown flower in his hand (no unknown 
plant can be ascertained without the flower) and compares 
its parts with the description of each class, until he finds the 
class to which it belongs. 


2. Ile then goes to the orders of that class and finds its 
order in the same way. 


3. Next he goes to the genera of that order, and reads 
‘their descriptions, until he finds the genus to which it be- 
longs. 

4. At last looks over the species of that genus, until he 
finds the exact description of his plant. 


5. Thus he finds the Apple to be Crass 12, Orper, 5, Gz- 
nus Pyrus, Srecites Malus. 


* Linneus divided them into 24 classes. But farther dis. 
coveries, since his death, have proved the classes Polyadel- 
phia and Polygamia to be too uncertain and variable tobe 
any longer retained. Persoon, therefore, and other eminent 
Botanists, have rejected them. 


B 


- <4 


INTRODUCTION, 


LUIYNEAN CLASSES. 


_ 4. Mowawreta, 1stamen, or one sessile anther in the flower. 


int : 
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ft et 


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. Dranprta, 2 stamens, or.2 sessile anthers, 


‘Trianprra, S stamens, or 3 sessile anthers. 
Trrranpnia, 4 stamens, or 4 sessile anthers, 
Pexranpnria, 5 stamens, or 5 sessile anthers, 


. Hexanpria, 6 stamens, or 6 sessile anthers. 


Hertanxpnia, 7 stamens, or 7 sessile anthers. 


. OcTanpnia, 8 stamens, or 8 sessile anthers. 

. ENNEANDRIA, 9 stamens, or 9 sessile anthers. 

. Decanpnria, 10 stamens, or 10 sessile anthers. 

. Doprecanpria, 12 to 19 stamens, or sessile anthers. 

. IeoSanpnis, about 20 er more, standing on the calyx. 

. Potyanpria, always 20 or more, on the receptacle. 

. Dinynamta, 4 stamens, 2 ofthem uniformly the longest, 
. Trerraprnamia, 6 stamens, 4 of them uniformly the 


longest. 


. MonapeLpaia, stamens united by their filaments in one 


set, anthers remaining separate. 


. Drapenriia, stamens united by their filaments in twe 


sets (sometimes in one set) flowers papilionaceous. __ 
SyneeEnesra, stamens 5, united by their anthers in one 
set, flowers compound. 


. Grnanpnia, Stamens stand on the germ, style, or stigma, 


separate from the base of the calyx and corol. 
Monoectra, stamens and pisiils in separate flowers, on the 
same plant. 


5 Drorcta, s stamens and pistils on separate plants. 


Crxrrocamn, stamens and pistils so obscure that the 
plants can only be classed by natural families. 


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INTRODUCTION. 


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4 INTRODUCTION. S, 


EXPLANATIONS FOR THE PRECEDING PAGE. 


Mon. Monogynia, 1 style, or 1 sessile stigma. 

Dig. Digynia, 2 styles, &e. 

Tri. Trigynia, 3 styles, &c. 

Tet. Tetragynia, 4 styles, ke. 

Pen. Pentagynia, 5 styles, &c. 

Hex. Hexagynia, 6 styles, &c. 

Hep. Heptagynia, 7 styles, &c. 

Dec. Decagynia, 10 styles, &c. 

Pol. Polygynia, more than 10 styles, &e. 

Gym. Gymnospermia, seeds naked. 

Ang. Angiospermia, seeds in capsules. 

Silic. Siliculosa, having pods whose length and breadth are 
nearly equal. 

Siliq. Siliquosa, having pods whose lengths are more than 
double their breadths. 

Inthe 16th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 21st classes, the names and 
characters of preceding classes, are taken for orders. In 
which, Mon. Monandria. Dia. Diandria. Tri. Triandria. 
Tet. Tetrandria. Pen. Pentandria. Hex. Hexandria. Oct. 
Octandria. Dec. Decandria. Pol. Polyandria. Mon. Mon- 
adelphia. . 

In the 18th class. 1. Hq. Polygamia Z£qualis. 2. Sup. 
Polygamia Superflua. 3. Frus. Polygamia Frustranea. 4, 
Nec Polygamia Necessaria. 5. Seg. Polygamia Segregata. 

The 1st order in the 18th class is distinguished by having 
all the florets perfect. The 2d, by having those of the disk 
perfect, while those of the ray are pistillate. The 3d, by 
having those of the disk perfect, while those of the ray are 
neutral. The 4th, by having those of the disk staminate, 
while those of the ray are pistillate. The 5th, by having the 
florets all perfect, while each floret has a perianth of its own. 

In the 22d class, the orders are distinguished by natural 
family characters. 1. Filices, (ferns) which bear fruit on 
the back of the leaves, or in which some part of the leaves 
seem as it were metamorphosed into a kind of fruit-bearing- 


’ 


*® 
ja Berg, i cemsinoiiniy. 38 


oe. The iaaite to this order includes the Pteriodes, 
which bear fruit on a peculiar appendage. 2. Musci, (mos- 
ses) which bear, on leafy stems and branches, one-celled 
capsules, opening at the top, where they are covered by a 
peculiar lid. 3. Hepaticae, (liverworts) which bear, on 
herbaceous fronds, four-celled capsules opening with four 
valves. 4. Algae, (seaweeds, &c.) whieh bear in an aqua- 
tic or gelatinous frond, vesiculous or filamentous fruit. 5. 
- Lichenes, (lichens) which bear fruit, on fibrous, compact or 
gelatinous fronds; contained in clefts, spangles, puffs, but- 
tons, tubercles, hollows, cellules, globules, shields, targets, 
orbs, or knobs. 6. Fungi, (mushroom, &c.) which are des- 
titute of herbage, consisting of a spungy, pulpy, leathery or 
woody substance, and bear fruit in a naked dilated mem- 
brane, or within the substance of the plant. 


EXPLANATIONS OF THE CHARACTERS, ANNEXED TO THE GEN- 
ERIC DESCRIPTIONS. 


The frst number following the generic description is the 
number of the natural order of Linneus, to which the genus 
belongs ; the second number is that of Jussieu. By referring 
to the subjoined natural orders of Linneus, the qualities of 


plants may be so far ascertained, as they depend on these 
natural affinities. 


(*) Placed before one or more generic names, at the end of 
an order, indicates that these genera sometimes vary from 
the classes and orders to which they belong, and are found 
to possess the characters of the class and order under which 
their names are thus set down. : 


z 


os 


B2 


G~ tc re 
Ser ae 


6 IN'TRODUCTI "> aie 
a 
NATURAL ORDERS OF LINNEUS. _ 

1. Parwz. Palms and their relatives; as Cocoanut, Frog’s 
bit. Fuarinaceous diet * -_ 

2. Prrrnitz. Pepper and its relatives. In crowded 
spikes; as Indian-turnip, Sweet flag. Tonics and Stoma 
chies. 

5. Catamantm. Reed-like grasses, with culms without 
joints ; as Cat-tail,Sedge. Coarse cattle fodder. 

4. Gramina. The proper grasses with jointed culms ; as 
Wheat, Rye, Oats, Timothy-grass, Indian-corn. Farinaceous 
diet and cattle fodder. : 

5. Trivrratomex. Corol 3-pettalled or calyx 3-leaved ; 
as Water-plantain, Rush-grass, Arrow-head. Tonics and 
rough cattle fodder. , 

6. Ensatz. Liliaceous plants with sword-form leaves ; as 
Iris, Blue-eyed grass, Virginian spiderwort. .Antiscorbutics 
and Tonics. 

7. Orncutpex. With fleshy roots, stamens on the pistils, 
pollen glutinous, flowers of singular structure with the germ 
inferior ; as Ladies slipper, Arethusa. Fuarinaceous diet and 
Stomachies. 

8. Sciraminex. Liliaceous corols, stems herbaceous, 
jeaves broad, germ blunt-angular ; as Ginger, Turmeric. 
Warming Stomachics. 

9. SparHacex. Liliaceous plants with spathes; as Daffo- 
dil, Onion, Snow-drop. Secernant Stimulants.t 

10. Conoxantm. Liliaceous plants without spathes; as 
Lily, Tulip : tar-grass. The nauceous scented and bitter 
are Aniisco ic and Cathartic, the others Emollient. 

11. Sanmenracrm. Liliaceous corols with very weak 
stems ; as Smilax, Asperagus, Bell-wort. Tonics and Secer- 
nant Stimulants. 


* The qualities of the natural orders are selected from 
Milne, Woodville, Thornton and Darwin. 


+ “tbe promote the secretions of perspirable matter, 


a * 


. Orrnace®, or Hotenacem. Having flowers destitute 
of beauty, at least of gay colouring ; as Beet, Blight, Pig- 
weed, Dock, Pepperage. If nacewus, Cathartic; others, 
mild Stimulants and Nutrientics.t 

13. Suecurent#. Plants with vei y: thick succulent leaves ; 
as Prickly-pear, House-leek, si *- sa Antiscorbutic and Em- 
ollient. 

14, Grurtnates. Corals with 5 petals, capsules beak- 
ed; as Flax, Wood-sorrel, Cranebill. Tonics and Refric- 
eranis. a 

15. Inunvara. Growing under water and having flow- 
ers destitute of beauty; as Hippuris, Pond-weed. Astrin- 
gents, 

16. Catyctrron®. Plants without corols, with the sta- 
mens on the calyx ; as Poet’s cassia, Seed buckthorn. As- 
tringents and Refrigerants. 

17. Catycantuem™. Calyx on the germ or growing to it, 
flowers beautiful; as Willow-ierb, Ludwigia, CEnothera. 
Astringents. 

18. Bricornes. Anthers with two strait horns; as 
Whortleberry, Spicy and Bitter Wintergreen, Laurel. 4s- 
tringents. 

19. Hespentpes. Sweet-scented, leaves evergreen; a8 
Myrtle, Cloves, Mock-orange. Astringent and Stomachic. 

20. Rorace®. Corals wheel-form; as St. John’s wort, 
Tonics. 

21. Precrm. Plants with early spring flowers of an elegant 
specious appearance ; as Primrose. Astringents. 

22. Caryoruxtrex. Plants with caryophyl 
as Pink, Cockle. Astringent and Secernant le 

23. Triutare. Flowers with 3 stigmas, capsules infla- 
ted and winged, and generally S seeded with distinct hi- 
lums; as Nasturtion, Horse-chesnut. Tonics and WVutri- 
entica. 


{ Nutrientics of Darwin, which serve as nutriment merely, 
without producing any extraordinary effects. 


* 


8 INTRODUCTION. — * 
a. oa 
24. Corxpares. Corols. spurred or anomalous; as Fum- 


atory, Touch-me-not. ; Narcotie and Antiscorbutic. ~ 

25. PuraMINE#. Plants which bear shell-fruit; as Ca- 
perbush. Detergent and Antiscorbutic. » 

26. Muuristtique. Having several pod-furm capsules to: 
_ each flower ; as Columbine, Larkspur, Rue, American cow- 
slip. Cathartic and Caustic. 

27. Ruwapex. Plants with caducous calyxes, snd cap- 
sules or siliques ;.as Poppy, Bloodroot, Celandyne. any 
and Antiscorbutic. 

28. Lunip#. Corols lurid, mostly monopetalous; flowers 
Pentandrous, or Didynamous with capsules ; as Tobacco, 
Thorn-apple, Nightshade, Foxglove. Warcotic and Antiscor- 
butic. 

29. Campanacea. Having bell-form corols, or those whose 
general aspect is somewhat bell-form ; as Morning glory, 
Bell-flower, Violet, Cardinal flower. Cathartics and Secer- 
nant Stimulants. 

30. Contortm. Corols twisted or contorted; as Milk- 
weed, Periwinkle, Choak-dog. Cathartics. and Antiscorbu- 
tics. 

31. Verrecut®. Having monophyllous calyxes, coloured 
like corols; as Leatherwood, Thesium. .Antiscorbutic and 
Emeiic. 

32. Parinionsce®. Having papilionaceous flowers; as 
Peas, Beans, Locust tree, Clover. Emollient, Diuretic, Nu- 
trientic. 

33. LomEeNTACES. Having legumes or loments, but not 
perfect papilionaceous flowers with united filaments ; as 
Cassia, Sensitive plant. Emollient, Astringent, Cathartic. 

34. Cucureiracem. Fruit pumpkin-like, anthers mostly 
united ; as Melons, Cucumbers, Passion-flower. Cathartic 
and Refrigerant. 

35. Senricos£, Prickly or hairy, with polypetalous co- 
rols and a number of seeds either naked or slightly covered ; 
as Rose, Raspberry, Strawberry. &stringent and Refrige- 


rant, 


——— 

. om 

og: INTRODUCTION. 9 
* $6. Pomace. Having many stamens on the calyx, and 
drupaceous or pomaceous fruit; as-Pear, Currant, Cherry, 
Peach. Refrigerants. 

37. Cotumytrer&. Stamens united in the form of a co- 
lumn ; as Hollyhoc, Mallows, Cotton. Enmoliient. 

38. Tricoccxz. Having 3-celled capsules; as Castor oil 
plant, Spurge, Box. Cathartic. 

39. Sin1qvosz. Having silique pods ; as Cabbage, Mus- 
tard, Shepherd-purse. Diuretic, Antiscerbutic, Nutrientic. 

AQ. Personate. Having personate corois ; as Snapdra- 
gon, Monkey-flower. Deobdstruents and Catharties. 

41. Aspenirours. Corels monopetalous, with 5 stamens, 
seeds 4, naked, leaves rough ; as Comfrey, Stone-seed (lith- 
ospermum.) Astringents and Deobstruents. , 

42, Verticintata. Having Labiate flowers; as Sage, 
Thyme, Catmint, Motherwort. Stomachics and Astringents. 

43, Dumos®. Bushy pithy plants with small flowers, pe- 
tals in 4 or 5.divisions ; as Sumach, Elder, Holly. Tonic and. 
Cathartic. 

44. Serranim. Having mostly tubular divided corols 
with few stamens ; being ornamental shrubs ; as Lilac, Jas- 
mine. Astringent. 

45. Umspetitat®. Flowers in umbels with 5-petalled co- 
rols, stamens 5, styles 2, and 2 naked seeds ; as Fennel, Dill, 
Carrot, Poison-hemlock. Stomachic and WVarcotic. 

46. Hevreracem. Corols 5-cleft, stamens 5 to 10, fruit 
berry-like on a compound raceme ; as Grape, Ginseng, 
Spikenard. Tonics and Refrigerants. 

47. Srettarx. Corols 4-cleft, stamens 4, see s 2, naked, 
leaves mostly whorled; as Bedstraw, Dos d, Venus’ 
pride. Tonics and Deodstruents. 

48. Accrreats. Having aggregate flowers ; as Button- 
bush, Marsh-rosemary. Tonics and Secernant Stimulants. 

49. Comrosir®. All the compound flowers; as Sun- 
flower, Boneset, Tansey, Thistle. Tonics and Secernant Sti- 


mulants,. 


‘ ps ty Tee Poe 
10 INTRODUCTION. 

50. AmentTacE. Bearing pendant aments ; as -Hazle, 
Qak, Chesnut, Willow.  .Astrizivents.. | 

51. Contrer®. Bearing strobiles ; bl Pine, Sines Ce- 
dar. Tonics and Stomachies. 

52, Coapunars#. Several berry-like pesinietats which are 
jadnate ; as Tulip-tree, Magnolia, Tonics. | 

53. Scasnip%. Leaves rough, flowers destitute of beau 
ty ; as Nettle, Hemp, Hop, Elm. Astringents. 

54, Miscertanr%. Plants not arranged by any particu- 
lar character; as Pond-lily, Poke-weed, Amaranth. Their 
qualities. are various. 

55. Fiticrs. All ferns; as Brakes, Maidenhair. Secer- 
nant Stimulants. 

56. Muscr. All mosses ; as Polytrichum. Cathartics 
and Secernant Stimulants. 

57. Auem. All Liverworts, Lichens and Se ap as 
Jungermannia, Fucus, Usnea.. Ponies. 

53. Foner. All fungusses; as Mushroom, Toadstool, 
Puff-ball, Touchwood, Mould, Tonics and Cathartics. . 


a. 
a. 2 
} ra INTRODUCTION, il 
Y pS Seg 


RULES FOR DISTINGUISHING POISONOUS PLANTS 
FROM THOSE WHICH ARE NOT POISONOUS, 


Plants not poisonous. 


‘1. Plants with a glume calyx, never poisonous. As Wheat, 
Indian-corn, Foxtail-grass, Sedge-grass, Oats. Linneus. 

2. Plants whose staments stand on the calyx, never poi- 
sonous. As Currant, Apple, Peach, Strawberry, Thorn. 
Smith, page 304, Big. ed. 

S. Plants with cruciform flowers, rarely if ever poisonous. 
As Mustard, Cabbage, Watercress, ‘Turnip. Smith, page 
337, Big. ed. 

4. Plants with papilionaceous flowers rarely, if ever, poison- 
ous. As Pea, Bean, Locust-tree, Wild-indigo, Clover. 
Smith, page 344, Big. ed. 

5. Plants with /abiate corols bearing seeds without peri- 
carps, never poisonous. As Catmint, Hyssop, Mint, Moth- 

i \ erworth, Marjoram. Smith, page 335, Big. ed. 

6. Plants with compound flowers rarely poisonous. As 

Sunflower, Dandelion, Lettuce, Burdock. Milne. 


Poisonous Plants. 


1. Plants with 5 stamens and one pistil, with a dull-col 
~ oured Jurid corol, ard of a nauseous sickly smell, always poi- 

sonous. As Tobacco, Thorn-apple, Henbane, Nightshade. 
The degree of poison is diminished where the flower is 
brighter coloured and the smell is less nauseous. As pota- 
toes are less poisonous, though of the same genus with 
nightshade. Smith, page 320, Big. ed. jee 

2. Umbelliferous plants of the aquatic kind and a nause- 
ous scent are always poisonous. As Water-hemlock, Cow- 
parsley. But if the smell is pleasant and they grow in dry 
land, they are not poisonous. As Fennel, Dill, Coriander, 
Sweet-cicily. Smith, page 322, Big. ed. 

3. Plants with labiate corols, and seeds in capsules, fre- 
quently poisonous. As Snap-dragon, Fox-gloye. 

&. 


. 


= 
tz INTRODUCTION. 


4, Plants, from which issues a milky juice on being broken, 
sre poisonous, unless they bear compound flowers. As Milk- 
weed, Dogbane. Milne’s Contorte and Lactescentia. 

5. Plants having any appendage to the calyx or corol, and 
eight or more stamens, generally poisonous. As Columbine, 
Nasturtion. Linneus. ot 


The most general rule is, 


Plants with few stamens, not frequently poisonous, ex- 
cept the number be five ; but if the number be 12 or more, 
and the smell nauseous, heavy and sickly, the plants are gen- 
erally poisonous. Milne’s Multisilique and Sapor. 


Note. Many plants possess some degree of the narcotic 
principle, which are still by no means hurtful. But theuse 
‘of such plants is to be deferred, till fully investigated. 


- 
= 


INTRODUCTION, 18 


NATURAL ORDERS OF JUSSIEU. 


The Linnean artificial arrangement is the only system 
hitherto brought into use by which we are enabled to find 
out a plant with which we are unacquainted. But after we 
have determined a plant by the aid of that system, we sliould 
proceed to examine its affinities or relations to other plants. 

In the annexed arrangement, Jussieu has distributed all 
plants into 100 orders, according to their natural affinities. 
If we are acquainted with any plant in an order, we may in- 
fer something from that respecting the qualities of the whole 
order, Therefore, when we are analyzing a plant, and sup- 
pose we have hit upon the right genus, we should turn to 
its natural order, as referred to by the second number at the 
end of the generic description, and see whether it is there 
associated with any plants with which we are acquainted. 
Then, by comparing it with its associates, we may not only 
be considerably aided in settling our opinion respecting the 

right naming of the plant, but may derive much satisfac- 
tion from considering its affinities to the rest of that family 
of plants. 


Ast Division. Seeds without lobes or cotyledons. 
1. Funer. Atl fungusses. 


Agaricus, 117.. Merulius, 117. Boletus, 117. Thaelae. 
phora, 117. Hydnum,117. Morellus, 118. Clavaria, 118. 
Clathrus, 118. Peziza, 118. Cyathus, 118. Lycoperdon, 
118, Fuligo, 118. Stemonitis, 118. Jcidium, 118. 
Sphaeria, 118. Sclerotium, 118. Uredo, 118. Tubercu- 
laria, 119. Mucor, 119. Monila, 119. Xylostroma, 119. 


2. Ate. Lichens and Seaweeds. 


Fucus, 110. Ulva, 110. Conferva, 111. Lepraira, 111. 
Spiloma,111. Wariolaria, 112. Opegraphia,112. Lecidea. 
112. Calicium, 112. Gyrophora, 113. Bathelium, 113. 
Verrucaria, 113. Endocarpon, 113. Thelotrema, 113. Sphae- 
rophoron, 114. Urceolaria, 114. Isidium 114. Parmelia, 119. 


ee B b 


t+ 4NTRODUCTION. 


Sicta, 113. Peltidea, 115, Cetraria, £16. Cotmieularia. 
236. Usnea, 116. Stereccaulon, 117. Baemyces, 117. 
Herarican. Liverworg. 
Jungermanuia, 109. Marchantia, 109. Anihoceros, 110. 
Riccia, 110. . id 
4. Musci. Messes. 


Phascum, 106. Sphagnum, 106. Gymnostomum, 106. 
Tetraphis, 106, Splachnum, 106. Grimmia, 107. Mas- 
chalocarpus, 107. Dicranum, 107. Trichostomum, 107. 
Polytrichum, 107. Didymodon, 107. Barbula, 107. Di- 
phascum, 107. Othotricum, 107. Neckera, 108. Timmia, 
108. Climacium, 108. Meesia, 108. Leskea, 108. Bar- 
tramia, 108. Mnium, 108. Bryum, 108. Hypnum, 108. 
Fontinalis, 109. Buxbaumia, 109. Funaria, 109. 


5. Frurces. Ferns. 


Acrostichum, 101. Polypodium, 102. Onoclea, 102. 
Blechnum, 102. Pteris, 102. Vitraia, 102. Asplenium, 
102. Scolopendrium, 108. Woodwardia, 103. Adiantum, 
103. Aspidium, 103. Dicksonia, 104. Woodsia, 104. 
Cheilanthus, 104. Schizaea, 104. Osmunda, 104. Ligo- 
dium, 105. Botrichium, 105. Ophioglossum, 105. Psilo- 
tum, 103. Lycopodium, 105. Equisetum, 106. 


6. Natapres. Water plants. 


Hippuris, 25. Callitriche, 25. Tillaea, 56. Potamoge- 
ton, 36. Ruppia, 36. Saururus, 53. Fuvialis, 90. Chara, 90. 
Najas, 90. Lemna, 90. Podostemum, 90, Ceratophyllum, 
93. Myriophillum, 94, 

2d. Divistox. Seeds with a single lobe, or one cotyledon. 

7. Anoipem. Indianturnip-like. 
Pothos, 35. Orontium, 51. Acorus, 51. Culla, 94. A- 
yum, 94. . 
8. Tyrum. Cattail-like. 
Typha, 91, Sparganium, 91. 
9, Cyrzenomnm. Cyperus-like, 
Kyllingia, 28. Schoenus, 28. Rhynchospora, 29. Cyper- 


a 


INTRODUCTION, 15 


as, 29. Muarscus,29. Dulichium, 29. Scirpus, 29. Eric 
phorum, 29. ._Trichophorum, 29.  Fuirena, 29.. Limnctis, 
29. Carex, 91. Sciecria, 91. 

10. Gaaminem. The proper grasses. 

Cinna,25. Anthoxanthum, 27. Cenchrus, 29. Oryzop- 
sis, 30. Panicum, 30. Digitaria, 30, Paspalum, 30. Aris. 
tida, 30. Stipa, 50. Alopecurus, 20. Phalaris, 20. .Hor- 
deum, 30. Milium, $0. Agrostis, 30. Saccharum, 31. 
Muhlenbergia, 31. Leersia, 31. Trichodium, 31. Phleum, 
31. Aira, 31. Elymus, Si. Melica, 31, Dleusine, 31. 
Secale, 31. Triticum, 31. Lolium, 32. Atheropogon, 32. 
Uniola, $2. Briza, 52. Sorghum, 32. Dactylis, 32. Poa, 
32. Festuca, 32. Bromus, 32. Avena, 32. Arundo, 33. 
Andropogon, 33. Holcus, 33. Oryza, 51. Zea, 91, Trip. 
sacum, 91. Coix,91. Zizania, 93. 

11. Patmz. Palm-like. 


We have no plants in this order. The cocoanut, &ec. are 
placed here. 

12. Asraracz. Asparagus-like. 

Draczena, 50. Asparagus, 50. Convallaria, 51. Mede- 
ola, 52, Trillium, 52. Smilax, 100. 


13. Joncrt. Rush-like, 


Commelina, 28. Leptanthus, 28. Heteranthera, 28, Xyri;. 
28. Tradescantia, 48. Juncus, 51. Melanthium, 53. 
Veratrum, 52. Helonias, 52. Xerophyllum, 52. Scheuch- 
zeria, 52. Triglochin, 53. Alisma, 53. Eriocaulon, 92. 
Sagittaria, 94. 

14, Latiacez®. Lily-like. 
Erythronium, 50. Lilium, 50. Tulipa, 50. Fritillaria, 
51. Uvularia, 51. Asphodelus, 51. 
15. Brometia. Pineapple-like. 
Bromelia, 48. ° 
16. Asrgovetr. Asphodel-like. 
Allium, 49. Aletris, 50. Polyanthes, 50. Hyacyinthus, 
50. Narthecium, 51. Ornithogalum, 51. Tofielda, 52. 


i6 ‘INTRODUCTION. 


17. Nanciss1. Daffodil-like. 
. Amaryllis, 49. - Hypoxis, 49. Galanthus, 49. Narcissus, 
49, Pontederia, 49. Hemerocallis, 50, aT 
18. Inipes. Iris-like. 
Crocus, 27. Iris, 28. Dilatris, 28. Sisyrinchium, 75. 
p 19. Mus. Banana-like, : 
“We have no plants of: this order. _ The banana is placed 
here, ae eT : ode oe 
20. Canxz. Indianreed-like. 
We have no plants of this order. The ginger-is placed. 
here, ipa) sac ae phen 
21. Oncarvem. Orchis-like. 
Orchis, 88. -Limmodorum, 89. Satytium, 89.° Neottia, 
89. Epipactis, 89. Cimbidium, 89.. Malaxis, 89. Arethu=- 
‘sa, 89. Cypridium, 89. 7: 
22. Hrproenaniprs.. Froghit-like. 


s see 


" Proserpinca, 33. Floerkea, ‘49. Sarracenia, 6h: Nym.: 
phaea, 64, Nuphar, 65. Vallisneria, 97. | 
3d.Divistox. Seeds with two lobes, or two cotyledong. * 
23. AnisTozocu1&. Birthwort-like. 
Asarum, 60. Aristolochia, 90. 
_ 24. FELEAGNT. 

Thesium, 43. Hippophae, 98.. Nyssa, 99. 

~ 25, THYMELEZ. | 

' Dirca, 54. Daphne, 54. 

26. Prorem. Silvertree-like, 

We have no plants of this order. The silvertree is plac- 
ed here. A . a7 . 
27. Lacvri. Camphor-like. 

Laurus, 55. 
28. Porrconrem. Buckwheat-like, 
Rumex, 53. Polygonum, 55. Rheum, 55. Lapathum, 
100. be... . 


INTRODUCTION. 17 


129, Areunwizcxh. Orache-like. 

Salicornia, 25. Blitum, 25. Rivina, 36. Salsola, 44, 
Chenopodium, 44. Beta, 44. Atriplex, 44. Spinacia, 99, 
Acnida, 99. Phytolacca, 60. 

sah a 30. AMARANTHI. Cockscomb-like, 

Gomphrenia, 42. Celosia, 42. Illecebrum, 42. Ama. 
ranthus, 93. 

_ 31. PLanracinegs, Plantain-like. 

Plantago, 54. 

32. Nycracixss. 

Mirabilis, 41. Ambrosia, 93. 

33. Pirumpacines. Leadwort-like. 


Statice, 48. 

34. Lysrmacutm. Loosestrife-like. 

Utricularia, 26. Anagallis, 38. Lysimachia, 38; Do- 
ecatheon, 38. Menyanthes, 38. Villarsia, 38. Primula, 38. 
Hottonia, 38. Samolus, 40. Trientalis, 53. Buchnera, 72. 

35. Pepicutares, Lousewort-like. 
Veronica, 26. Callistachia, 26. Obolaria, 70. Orobanche, 


71. Bartsia, 71. Rhinanthus, 71. Euphrasia, 71. Me- 
Jampyrum, 71. Erinus,72. Pedicularis, 72. Pentstemon, 


Ta: 
S36. Acanrut. Bearbreach-like. 


Justicia, 26. Ruellia, 72. 

37. Jasminex. Jasmine-like. 
Jasminum, 25. Ligustrum, 26. Chionanthus, 26. Sy- 

ringa, 26. Fraxinus, 98. 

38. Viricrs. Chastetree-like, 

Callicarpa, 54. 
59. Lasratz. Rigent-flowered plants. 
Lycopus, 26, Monarda, 27. Rosmarinus, 27. Salvia, 27. 
| Bb2 


18 INTRODUCTION: 


Collinsonia, 27. Teucrium, 67. Isanthus, 68. Verbina, 68. 
Lavandula, 68. Lameum, 68. Brachystemum, 68. Pyc- 
nantheum, 68. Nepeta, 68. Hyssopus, 68. Mentha, 68: 
Stachys, 68. Galeopsis, 69. Satureja,, 69. Betonica, 69. 
Leonuris, 69. Marrubium, 69. Ballota, 69. Cunil: , 69. 
Hedeoma, 69. Glechoma, 69. Melissa, 69. Tri h e 
69. Ocymum, 70. Scutellaria, 70. Origanum, 79. 
mus, 70, Clinopodium, 70. Prunella, 70. Phryma, 70. 
40. Scrornutartz. Figwort-like. | 

Gratiola, 26. Chironia, 39. Lindernia, 26. Dracoce- 
phalum, 70. Scwalbea, 71. WLimosella, 71. Zapania, 71. 
Browallia, 71. Scrophularia, 71. Antirrhinum, 72. - Ge- 
vardia, 72. Degitalis,72. Mimulus, 72: Chelone, 72. 

41. Sorane®. Nightshade-like: 

Lycium, 34. Datura, 38. Nicotiana, 38. Verbascum, 
39. Atropa, 39. Phacelia, 39. Hyoscyamus, 39. Solan- 
um, 40. Physalis, 40, Capsicum, 40. Diospyros, 100. 

a. 


42. BoraGinem. Borage-like. 


Pulmonaria, 36. Cerinthe, 36.  Lithospermum, 36. 
Cynoglossum, 37. Batschia, 37. Anchusa, 37. Myosotis, 
37. Heliotropium, 37. Onosmodium, 37. Barago, 37. Sym- 
phitum, 37. Echium, 37. Hydrophillum, 37. Nolana, 38, 

43. Coxyotyutr. Bindweed-like. 


Convolvulus, 38. Diapensia, 39. Ipomaea, 39. Pyxidans 
thera, 39. Cuscuta, 43. . 
44, Poremonta. Greekvalerian-like. 
Phlox, 39. Polemonium, 39. 
45. Brenontx. Trumpetflower-like. 
€atlapa, 26. Bignonia, 72. Martynia, 73. 
46. Genriana. Gentian-like. 
Spigelia, 38. Swertia,43. Gentiana, 43. Frasera, 34. 
47. Apocyne#. Dogbane-like. 
Yinea, 40. Periploca, 43. Apocynum, 43. Nerium, 43, 
Asclepias, 89. Cynanchum, 90. 


INTRODUCTION. 19 


} 48. Sapota. 
We have no plants of this order. 
49. Guaracan®. Lignumvitz-like. 
| We have no plants of this order. The lignum-yvite is 
plac e. 
50. RuopoprNpRA. Rosebay-like. 


Azalia, 40. tea, 42. Menziesia, 54. Rhodora, 56. 
Rhododendron, 57. Kalmia, 57. Ledum, 57. mrs 
lum, 57. 

51. Ertcw. Heath-like. 


Oxycocceus, 53. Erica, 54. Clethra, 56. Pyrola, 56: 
Chimaphila, 56. Andromeda, 57. Vaccinium, 57. Epi. 
faea, 57. Gualtheria, 57. Arbutus, 57. Hundsonia, 60. 
Empetrum, 98, 


52. Camranvutaces®. Bellflower-like. 


Campanula, 41. Lobelia, 41. os 


53. Cicuoracem. (Compound.) Endive-like. 
Tragopogon, $1. Apargia, 82. Leontodon,82. Prenan. 
thes, 82. Lactuca, 82. Hieracium, 82. Sonchus, 82. Hy- 
eseris, 82. Krigia, 83. Cichorium, 83. 


$4. Crnanoceruatx. (Compound.) Bearing headform flowers. 


Cynara, 82. Liatris, 83. Cnicus, 83. Carthamus, 83. 
Onopordon, 83. Carduus, 83. Arctium, 83. 


55. Conymuirer%. (Compound.) Corymb-bearing. 


Scorzonera, 82. Picris, 85. Tolpis, 83. Scholymus, 83. 
Vernonia, 83. Sparganophorus, 84. Bidens, 84. Kuhnia, 
84. Eupatorium, 84. Ethulia, 84. Mikania, 84, Cacalia, 
84. Balsamita, 84. Baccharis, 84. Conyza,85. Gnaphal- 
ium, 85. Artemisia, 85 Tanacetum, 85 Chrysanthe- 
mum, 85. Zinnia, 85. Tagetes, 85. Bellis, 85. Pyre- 
thrum, 85. Arnica, 86. Doronicum, 86. Inula, 86 E- 
rigeron, 86. Solidago, 86. Senecio, 86. Tussillago, 86. 
Cineraria, 86. Aster,86. Heliopsis, 86. Buphthamum, §7- 


20 INTRODUCTION. 


Heclenium, 87. Boltonia, 87. Matricaria, 87. Anthemis, 
87. Achillea, 87. Verbesina, 87. Rudbeckia, 87. Heli- 
anthus, 87. Coreopsis, 88. Centaurea, 88. Silphium, 88. 
Polymnia, 88, Calendula, 88. Iva, 88. Elephantopos, 


88. Echinops, 88. oar 
56. Diesacem. Teazel-like. * 


Valeriana, 27. Fedia, 27. Dipsacus, 35. 
57. Rusracrez. Madder-like. 


Houstonia, 34. Mitchella, 34. Cephalanthus, 34. Rubia, 
35. Scabiosa, 35, Galium, 35. 
58, Capnirorra. Honeysuckle-like. 


Linnaea, 34. Cornus, 35. Lonicera, 40. Xylosteum, 40. 
Diervilla, 41. Hedera, 42, Viburnum, 47. Sambucus, 47. 
Triosteum, 41 

59. Arnatra. Spikenard-like. 

Panax, 44. Aralia, 48. 
she 60. UmnELuirer®. Bearing umbels. 

Eryngum, 44. Coriandrum, 45. Hydrocotile, 45. Sani- 
cula, 45. Heracleum, 45. Caucalis, 45. Daucus, 45. 
Angelica, 45. Sison, 45. Ferula, 45. Ligusticum, 45. 
Ammi, 45. Sium, 46. Selinum, 46. Conium, 46. Chae- 
rophyllum, 46. Myrrhis, 46. Cicuta, 46. Imperatoria, 
46. Smyrnium, 46. Pastinaca, 46. Anethum, 46. Api- 
um, 47. Carum, 47. 

61. Ranuncutacre. Crowfootlike. 

Zanthorhiza, 48. Actaea, 46. Podophyllum, 64. Paeonia, 
65. Delphinium, 65. Aconitum, 65. Adquilegia, 65, 
Nigella, 66. Hydrastris, 66. Clematis, 66. Thalictrum, 66. 
Helleborus, 66. Coptis, 66. Caltha, 66. Anemone, 66. 
Hydropeltis, 66. Hepatica, 66. Nelumbium, 67. Ranun- 
culus, 67. Trollius, 67. Atragene, 67. Adonis, 67, 
Caulophyllum, 48. 

62. Papavenacez. Poppy-like. 

Chelidonium, 63. Papaver, 64. Sanguinaria, 64. Ara 


INTRODUCTION. 81 


gemone, 65. Cimicifuga, 65. Fumaria, 77. Corydalis, 
78. Polygala, 78. 
63. Crucrrtrm. Bearing cruciform flowers. 

M m, 73. Draba, 73. Lunaria, 73. Bunias, 73. 
rset. Alyssum, 73. Cochlearia, 74. Iberis, 74. Le- 
pidium, 74. Thlaspi,74. Arabis,74. Turritis, 74. Den- 
taria, 74. Hesperis, 74. Erysimum, 74, Brassica, 75. 
Raphanus, 75. Cheiranthus, 75. Cardamine, 75. . Sisym- 
brium, 75. Sinapis, 75. : 

64. Carrarrprs. Caperbush-like. 

Parnassia, 47. Drosera, 48. Cleome, 49. Reseda, 61. 
Capparis, 64. 

65. Sartxpt. Soapberry-like. 

Cardiospermum, 55. | 

66. Acrna, Maple-like. 

Soe 53. Acer, 54. 
, 67. MatricHim. ‘ 

- We have no plants of this order. | 
68, Hyeentca. John’s woft-like. 

Ascyrum, 64. Hypericum, 65. 

69. Gurrirerm. Bearing secreted drops. 

We have no plants of this order. 

70. AURANTIA. Orange-like. 
Citrus, 64. 
71. Mexia, Beadtree-like. 
Melia, 56. Thea, 64. 
72. Vires. Grape-like, 
_ Vitis, 41. Ampelopsis, 42. 
73. Geranta. Cranebdill-like. 

Impatiens, 42. Linum, 48. Tropoeolum, 55. Dionaea, 

57. Oxalis, 59. Erodium, 76. Pelagonium, 76. Geran- 


ium, 76. 
74. Matyacez. Mallows-like. 


‘Gordonia, 76. Napaea,.77. Sida, 77. Hibiscus, 77. 
“Malva, 77. Althaea, 77. Lavatera, 77. Gossipium, 77. 


- 


22 INTRODUCTION. © 


75. Macrotim. Magnolia-like. 
Liriodendron, 67. Magnolia, 67. 
76, ANNONR. Papawsbike, 


Annona, 66. Porcelia, 67. . ; sala 
77. MentsprermMa, Moonseed-like, ae 
- Menispermum, 100, | 
78. Berperrpes. Barberry-like,; 
Hamamelis, 36. Berberris, 48. 
79. TILIACER, Basswood-like. 
Tilia, 64. 
80. Cistr. Rockrose-like. 
Viola, 42. Cistus 64. 
81. Ruracez. Rue-like. 

Ruta, 56. ; 
82. Canrernyritrem. Pink-like. 

Holosteum, 33. Lechea, 33. Mollugo, 53. Queria, 33. 
Sagina, 36. Sarothra, 47. Alsine, 47. Dianthus, 58. Sae 
ponaria, 58. Arenaria, 58. Stellaria, 59. Silene, 59. Cu- 
cubalus, 59. Spergula, 59. Agrostemma, 59. Cerastium, 
60. Lychnis, 60. 

83. Semprerviva. Liveforever-like.’ 

Sedum, 59. Penthorum, 59, Sempervivum, 61. 

84, Saxirraca. Saxifrage-like. 
Heuchera, 44. Oldenlandia, 35. Saxifraga, 58. Tiarel- 
Ja, 58. Mitella, 58. 
85. Cactr. Pricklypear-like. — 
Ribes, 42. Hydrangea, 58. Hortensia, 59. Cactus, 62. 
86. Porrunaccez. Purslane-like.. 

Claytonia,42. Tamarix, 47. Chrysosplenium, 55, Scle- 
ganthus, 58. Portulacca, 60. 

87. Ficompea. Fig-like. 

Mesembryanthemum, 63. Ficus, 98. 

88. OnaGRre. 

Circaea, 27. Ludwigia, 35. Gaura, 53. Epilobium, 54. 

(Enothera, 54, 


Ris i 
ss EN'TRODUCTION. 28 
A 89. Mrrtr. Mpyrtle-like. 
Decumaria, 60. Philadelphus, 61. Mystus, 62. 
90. MetasTomz. 
Rh 54. Melastoma, 56. 
af 91. Saricarrz. 

Ammannia, 35. Isnardia, 35. Glaux, 43. Lythrum, 60. 

Cuphea, 60. | 
92, Rosace®. Rose-like. 

Sanguisorba, 54. Agrimonia, 61. Prunus, 61. Armeni- 
aca, 61. Punica, 62. Amygdalus, 62. Crataegus, 62. 
Sorbus, 62. Aronia, 62. Mespilus, 62. Pyrus, 62. Spiraea, 
62.- Rosa, 65. Rubus, 63. Dalibarda, 63. Fragaria, 63. 
Potentilla, 63. Geum, 63. Comarum, 63. Calycanthus, 
63. Poterium, 94. 

93. Lecumtnosa. Bearing legumes. 

Podalyria, 56. Cercis, 56. Cassia, 56. Mimosa, 76. 
Petalostemon, 77. Amorpha,78. Lupinus, 78. Crotolaria, 
78. Genista, 78. Spartium, 78. Arachis, 78. Ulex, 78. 
Pisum, 79. Lathyrus, 79. Vicia, 79. Robinia, 79. 
Phaseolus, 79. Dolichos, 79. Colutea, 79. Glycyrrhiza, 
79. Indigofera. 79. Vexillario, 80. Galactia, 80. Gly- 
vine, 80. Galega, 80. Medicago, 80. Trigonella, 80. 
Astragalus, 80. Trifolium, 80. Melilotus, 80. Lespede- 
za, 81. Hedysarum, 81. Stylosanthes, 81. £schynom- 
ene, 81. Geditschia, 100. 

ai 94. TEREBINTSI. 
Rhus, 47. Juglans, 94. Zanthoxylum, 99. 
95. Raamni. Buckthorn-like. 

Nex, 36. Rhamnus, 41. Ceanothus, 41. Celastrus, 42, 

Euonymus, 41. Staphylea, 47. Prinos, 49. 
96. Evrnorsi#. Spurge-like. 

Euphorbia, 61. Esula, 61. Buxus, 93. Acalypha, 96- 

Ricinus, 96. Phyllanthus, 96. 


. 
24 INTRODUCTION. © 


97. Cocursiracem., Pumpkin-l 
Passiflora, 76. Momordica, 97. Sycios, 
97. Cucumis, 97. Melothria, 97, , 
98. Untic&. Nettle-like, 
Boehmeria, 92. Urtica, 92. Parietaria, 92. ilo. 92. 
Serpicula, 93. Humulus,99. Canabis, 99. ' 
99. AmenTace#. Bearing pendant aments. a 
Ulmus, 44. Celtis, 44. Fothergilla, 65. Comptonia, 
92. Alnus, 92. Quercus, 94. Fagus, 95. Castanea, 95. 
Betula, 95. Carpinus, 95. Ostrya, 95. Corylus, 95. Pla- 
tanus, 95. Liquidambar, 95. Salix, 97. Myrica, 98. 
Broussonetia, 98. Populus, 100. 
100. Contrer#. Bearing strobiles, or cones. 
Pinus, 96. Cupressus, 96. Thuja, 96. ere 101, 
Taxus, 101. 


ae 4 


A 


EM OF GENERA, 


FOR THE 
NORTHERN AND MIDDLE 
STATES. 


vt —— oP + oe 


CLASS I. MONANDRIA. 


Orver I. Monocynra. 
- Sanroornra. Calyx inflated, entire: corol o: 
seed 1, inclosed in the calyx. 12. 29—-(samphire.) 
Hirrurtis. Calyx superior, obsolete, with a 
2-lobed margin : corol o : seed 1: stigma simple. 
15. 6—(marestail.) — 
* Scirpus, Cyperus. 


ri t/ 


ite it  Orver Il. Dieynta. 
 Carirrricus. Calyx inferior, 2-leaved : cap- 
_sule membranaceous and margined: (flowers 
sometimes monoecious, and by some the calyx is 
— Called the corol.) 12. 6—(water-starwort.) ~~ 
Burrum. Calyx 3-cleft, berry-like: corol o: 
seed 1. 12. 29—blite.) 
Uinna. Calyx, 1-flowered glume, 2-valved: 
corol a 2-valved glume: seed 1. 4. 10. 
* Uniola. 


CLASS II. DIANDRIA. 


Orver I. MonoGynta. 
A. Corol inferior, 1-petalled regular : border, eat~ 
cept in Jasminum, 4-parted. 
Jasminum. Corol salver-form, 5 to 8—cleft: 
berry 2-seeded, each seed solitary, avilled, 44, 
87—(jasmine.) Exotic. 
C 


26 CLASS Hl. ORDER I. 


LicustruM. Calyx 4-toothed : c 
ovate divisions : berry 4-seeded. 44.37—(p 
CuHIonNANTHUS. Corol 4-cleft, with very 


B. Corol inferior, 1-petalled, irregular : fruit 
capsular. 

Urricutsaris. Calyx 2-leaved, equal : corol 
ringent, spurred: capsule 1-celled, globular. 24, 
Sey 

Catratpa. Corol 5-cleft : calyx 2-leaved : cap- 
sule 2-celled. 40. 45—(catalpa tree.) 

Justicia. Calyx simple or double, 5-parted : 
corol ringent or nearly equal: capsule 2-celled, 
bursting with an elastic claw : partitions trans- 
verse. 40. 36—(malabar nut.) Exotic. } 

Grationa. Calyx 5-leaved, sometimes with 
a2-leaved calycle : corol 4-cleft, 2-lipped, revers- 
ed: stamens 4 ; (2 of them barren) stigma 2- 
lipped : capsule 2-celled. 40. 40, (hedge-hysop.) 

Linpernis. Calyx 5-parted, equal : corol 
ringent, the upper lip very short, the lower one 3- 
cleft, 2-keeled at the base: anthers cohering by 
pairs : stigma bilamellate : capsule 2-celled, 2-_ 
valved, the partition parallel to the valves. 40, 

Veronica. Calyx 4-parted : corol 4-clef 
lower division smaller: capsule 2-celled. 40, 35 
-—(speedwvell.) i 

Cauuistacnta. Calyx 4-parted: corol . 
lar, 4-cleft, with one division smaller: capsule 
ovate, 2-celled. (Culver’s physic.) ‘This genus 
was taken from the Veronica by M. Rafinesque. 
Not having his generic description, I am com- 
pelled to take it from my specimens; perhaps in- 
accurately. 40. 35. 

C. Corol inferior, 1-petalled, irregular: seeds na- 
Wp 


Lycorvs. Calyx tubular, half 5-cleft; corol 


\ 


7 


CLASS Ill. ORDER I. 27 


tubular, 4-cleft, nearly equal, 1 division emargin- 
ate: stamens distant : seeds 4, retuse. 42. 39— 
(water-horehound. 

Monarpa. Calyxcylindric, striated, 5-tooth- 
ed: corol ringent, upper lip linear, involving the 
filaments. 42. 39—(Oswego tea, mountain-mint.) 

Rosmarinus. Corol ringent, upper lip 2-part- 
ed: filaments long, curved, simple, with a tooth, 
42. 39—(rosemary.) 

Satvia. Calyx tubular, 2-lipped. underlip 2- 
toothed : corol ringent: filaments transversely 
affixed to a pedicel. 42. 39—(sage.) 

Conuinsonta. Calyx tubular, 2-lipped: corol 
unequal, underlip many -cleft, capillary ; one per- 
fect seed. 40. $9—(horse-balm.) 


D. Corol superior. 


Crrecarka. Calyx 2-leaved: corol 2-petalled : 
capsule hispid, 2-celled, not gaping ; cells 1-seed~ 
ed. 48. 88—(enchanter’s nightshade.) 

* Cunila, Schoenus, Scirpus, Verbena. 


Orver II. Dicyntra. 


_, Axrnoxanrsem. Calyx, glume 2-valved,'1- 


: corol glume 2-valved, acuminate, awn 
: seed 1. 4. 10—(sweet vernal grass.) 


- - % Holcus, Festuca, Saccharuin. 


ae’ CLASS III. TRIANDRIA. 
, ee 
* OrpeR I. MonoGynia. 


A. Flowers superior. 


Vaneriana. Calyx 0, or with an extremely 
small margin: corol 1-petalled, 5-cleft, base gib- 
bous : seed 1: stamens, 1, 2, 3 and 4, exsert. 48. 
maprnlerian.) Exotic. 

Fepra. Calyx 3 to 6-toothed : corol 5-parted: 
mut 2 or 3-celled: seed naked, or crowned with a 
teoth. 48. 56—(lam)b-lettuce.) 

Crocus, Spathe radical; corol funnel-form, 


28 CLASS IH. ORDER E 


with a long slender tube: stigma dee hed, 
erested. 6. 18—(saffron.) Exotic, sr 

Irts. Calyx, spathe 2-valved : corol 6-parted, 
divisions alternately reflected, stigmas petal- 
like. 6. 18—(flower-de-luce, iris or rs 

Dixtarris. Corol 6-petalled, superior, hirsute : 
the third filament less than the rest: stigmasim- 
ple: capsule globose, 3-celled, crowned. 


B. Flowers inferior. 


Commetina. Calyx, spathecordate: corol 6- 
petalled : nectaries 3, cross-form, inserted on pe- 
culiar filaments : capsule sub-globose, 3-ceiled. 6. 
13—(day-flower.) 

-Leprantuvs. Calyx, spathe 1-flowered: co- 
rol long-tubular; border 6-parted with the sta- 
mens on the divisions, anthers uniform, filaments _ 
equal: capsule 3-celled, many-seeded, gaping at 
the angles. 6. 13. | 

HETERANTHERA. Calyx, spathe 1-flowered : 
corol with a long slender tube, border 6-parted 
with the stamens on the divisions ; anthers of 
two different forms, filaments of unequal lengths: _ 
capsules 3-celled, many seeded, dehiscent at the 
angles. 6. 13—(odd shives.) ig ae 

Xyris. Calyx, glume 2-valved, ina head: ~ 
corol 3-petalled, equal, crenate : capsule 3-valy- 
ed, many seeded. 6. 13—(yellow-eyed-grass. ) r 
C. Flowers grassy : valves of the calyx glume 

hke: corol none. 

Kynriners. Spike (or ament) roundish-ob- 
long, sessile, or umbel-iike : calyx of 2 uneq 
leaves or valves, 1-flowered : corol 2-valved, 
2 leaved, greater than the calyx: seed 3-sided. 
(stamens and stigmas vary trom 1 to 3.) 3. 9-—~ 
(faise beg-rush.) 

Scuorenus. Spikelets sub-convolute, acute $ 
scales heaped in fascicles, outer ones dry, shin- 
ing : coral : seed 1, roundish, naked or sur 
rounded with bristles. $, 9—(bog-rush.) - 


CLASS Ill. ORDER I. 29 


Ruyncnospora-. Scales of the calyx fascicled 
into a spike, lower ones 7» corol 0: styles 
permanent at the base: bristles at the base of the 
seeds. 3. 9. 

Cypervs. Glumes chaffy, scales imbricated 
Q-ways: seed single, beardless : spikelets com- 
pressed. 3. 9. 

Mariscus. Flowers distinct, subimbricate in 
a spike : calyx 2-valved, about 3-flowered : co- 
vols 2-valved, the lower one embracing the upper : 
style 3-cleft. 3. 9. 

Douicuium. Spikes sub-racemed, proceed- 
ing from the axils of the leaves ; spikelets linear- 
lanceolate, sub-compressed : scales somewhat 2- 
ranked, closely embracing : styles very long, 2- 
cleft : germ with small bristles rough backwards. 
5, 9—(galingale.) : 

Scriepus. Glumes chaffy, scales imbricated 
every way : seed single, naked, surrounded witia 
hairs or bristles. 3. 9—(club-rush.) 
ErropHoruM. Glume chaffy, imbricated ey- 
y.way : seed beset round with very long dense 
ily hairs. 3. 9—(cotton-grass.) 
"PricnuornHorum. Calyx, scales imbricated ev- 
sry way : seed beset with capillary bristles, which 
at length project out, always 6 in number : spike- 
ets ovatish. 3. 9—(Clight-hair.) 

Furrena. Scales of the calyx mucronate, ev- 

where imbricate in a spike : seed broad-in- 

ered, chaff-like, often awned. 3. 9, 

D. Flowers grassy: valves of the calyx glume- 
like : corol 2-valved. 

Limnetis. Calyx 2-valyed compressed, one © 
of them keeled and longer than the other: co- 
rol 2-valved. 3. 9—(salt Brae.) 

Cencurvus. Involucre divided, echinate, 3 or 
4-flowered : glumes 2-valved, 2-flowered : corol 
2-valved, awnless : style 2-cleft, 4, 10—(hedge- 
hog-grass. ) 

* Juncus, Galium. 


2 


50 CLASS II. ORDER IL 


Grover II. Dieynta. 
The proper Grasses. 
A. Flowers perfect. 


ist. Glume 1-flowered. 

Oryzopsis. Calyx 2-valved, lax, obovate : 
corol teretish-ovate, leathery : valves 2, outer 
one awned at the apex: appendages 2, linear, 
vhaffy. 4. 10—(mountain-rice.) 

Panicum. Calyx 3-valved, the third valve 
dorsal and very minute : corol 2-valved : inflor- 
escence various. 4, 10—(cockfoot grass, panie- 
grass.) 

Dierrarta. Calyx 2 or S-valved, concave ; 
the outer one very small or none, the inmost one 
of the length of the corol : corel 2-valved, oblong- 
ovate, awnless: style very long; spikes digitate, - 
Jinear : flowers in pairs. 4. 10—(finger-grass. ) 

Paspatum. Calyx 2-valved, valves roundish, 
of the form of the corol: flowers unilateral. 4. 10 
—(paspalon.) 


ArisTipa. Calyx 9-valved: corol 1-valved, © 
with 3 awns at the tip. 4. 10—(beard-gra 3S.) 
Sripa. Calyx 2-valved: corel 2-valved ; 


fo 
valves involute truncate ; awn terminal, very 
long, twisted at the base. 4. 10—(feather-grass.) _ 
Awopecurus. Calyx 2-valved: coro] 1-val- - 
ved, simple at the tip ; sometimes awned at the 
base. 4. 10—(foxtail-grass.) grt 
Puataris. Calyx 2-valved, valves keeled, 
nerved, equal in length, including the 2-valyed 
pilose corol. 4. 10—(ribbon-grass, canary-grass. ) 
HorpEeumM. Calyx lateral, 2-valved, 1 or 2- 
flowered ; florets in threes, the middle one sessile, 
lateral ones often barren : corel 2-valved, acute, 
outer valve awned. 4. 10—(bariey.) | 
Miuium. Calyx 2-valved, 1-ficwered, ventri- 
cose: corel 2-valved, very short: stigmas pen- 
ciliorm. 4. 10—(millet.) 
Acrostis. Calyx 2-valved, 1-flowered, valves 


CLASS I. ORDER IL sf 


acute: corol 2-valved : stigmas longitudinally his- 
pid or plumose, florets spreading. 4. 10—(redtop. ) 

Saccnarum. Calyx involucred with long wool, 
2-valved: corol 1 or 2-valved: stigmas 1 to 5%. 
4.10—(sugar-cane.) Exotic. 

MvuuLENBERGIA. Calyx 1 or 2-valved, very 
minute : corol 2-valved, base hairy, outer valve 
awned atthe tip: seed 1, oblong acuminate : flow- 
ers panicled. 4. 10—(dropseed grass.) 

Leersia. Calyx 0: corol 2-valved, closed ; 
valyes compressed, boatform, awnless. 4. 10, 
—(cut-grass. ) 
~'Tricnopium. Calyx 2-valved, valves nearly 
equal, acute; keel with small spines: corol 1- 
valve, awnless, shorter than calyx: stigmas 
nearly sessile, sub-hispid. Panicled. 4. 10— 
(thin-grass.) 

PuiEuM. Calyx indurated, 2-valved, sessile, 
linear, truncate, bicuspidate ;: corol inclosed. 4. 
10—(timothy-grass. ) 

2d. Glumes 2 or 3-flowered ; panicled. 

‘Arma. Calyx glossy, 2-valved, 2-flowered : 
corol 2-valved, awnless, or awned at the base. 4. 
10—(hair-grass.) ! 
$d. Glumes 2-flowered or more ; close-spiked. 

_ Exymus. General calyx involucre-like, gen- 
erally 4-leaved, 2-spiked or with spikelets in 
‘S; partial calyx lateral, 2-valved, many-flow- 
l. 4. 10—(lime-grass, wild rye.) 
~Meuica. Calyx 2-valved, coloured, obtuse : 
corol 2-valved, ventricose, with the rudiment of 
a third among the flowers. 4. 10—(melic-grass.) 

Exeusine. Calyx awnless, many-flowered : 
inflorescence an unilateral digitate spike : corel 
2-valved, awnless. 4. 10—(dog-tail-grass. ) 

SecaLeE. Calyx 2-valved, 2 or many-flower- 
ed, opposite, solitary: glumes linear-lanceolate, 
smooth or channelled both sides. 4. 10—(rye.) 
Exotic. 

Triricum. Calyx 2-yalycd, about 3-flowered, 


$2 CLASS lil. ORDER I. 


alternate ; florets obtusish and pointed: glumes 
beardless or interruptecly bearded : spikelets 
shortish. 4. 10—(wheat.) 5 
Lorium. Calyx 1-leafed, permanent, many- 
flowered : florets in a 2-rowed simple spike. 4, 
10—(darnel-grass.} sSade J 
ATHEROPOGON. Calyx 1-valved, 2-flowered : 
corol 2-valved, awned. 4. 10—(hairy-beard.) 


4th. Glumes manyflowered ; in panicles. 


Untoxta. Spikelets flat, 2-edged, ovate: calyx 
many-glumed : corol 2-valved, awnless, inner 
one smallest: stamens 1 to 3: appendages 2, 
somewhat 2-horned. 4. 10—(sea-rush-grass.) _ 

Briza. Calyx 2-vaived, many-flowered : spike- 
lets of the panicle 2-ranked: valvelets inflated, 
heart-form, obtuse ; inner one minute. 4. 10— 
(quake-grass. ) 

SorenuM. Polygamous. Florets in pairs ; 
one perfect and sessile, the other staminate or 
neutral and pedicilled. 4. 10—(broom-corn.) 
Exotic. 

Dacryniis. Calyx 2-valved, one valve small- 
er: corel 2-valved, awnless, compressed, cari- 
nate: style long : panicles strait ; spikelets im- 
bricate with lateraJ florets. 4. 10—(orchard- 
grass. ) 

‘Poa. Calyx 2-valved, many-flowered: coro] 
ovate ; valves 2-coloured, acutish, scarious at 
their margins: spikelets of the ‘aes ovate, 
awnless, 4, 10-—-(meadow-grass, blue-grass.) 

Fresruca. Calyx 2-valved, many-flowered ; 
spikelets oblong, teretish, or diverging ; awnless 
or furnished with a terminal awn. 4. 10—(fescue- 

rass. k 
r Bakive Calyx 2-valved ; spikelets oblong, 
terete-2-ranked ; valves awned below the tip, 4. 
10—(chess, broom-grass.) 

Avena. Calyx 2-valved, many-flowered 5 
valves with a twisted awn on the back: glumes 
he iat aud somewhat follicle-like. 4. 10 
—(oats. 


CLASS IIL ORDER III. $3 


Arunno. Calyx 9-valved, one or many-flow- 
ered, glabrous: florets heaped — : corol 
surrounded with wool. 4. 10—(reed-grass.) 


B. Flowers polygamous. 


‘ist. Glume 1-flowered. 


Anpropocon. Calyx, glume 2-valved: coro! 
S-valved : flowers in pairs; 1 sessile perfect ; the 
other peduncled, staminate, awnless—rarely neu- 
tral. 4. 10—(beardgrass.) 


2d. Glume 2-flowered, or more. Panicled. 


- Hoxevs. Calyx, glume 2-valved, opake, ner- 

vous: corol smaller than calyx, 2-vaived, the out- 

er one awned under the tip: nectary linear 2- 

parted : stigma subsessile. 4. 10—(soft-grass.) 
Alsine. 


epics Ill, Trigynta. 
A. Corol 5-petalled. 


HotostEuM. Calyx 5-leaved: capsule 1-cell- 
ed, nearly cylindric, bursting at the top. 22. 82 
—(succulent chickweed.) 


B. Corol 3-petalled. 

Lecnea. Calyx 3-leaved: capsule 3-celleds 
3-valved, with 3 inner valvelets : seed 1. 22. 82 
—(pinweed.) 

j C. Corol none. 


Moriveo. Calyx 5-leaved, inferior: capsule 
$-celled, S-valved, many-seeded. 22. 82—(car~ 
pet-weed.) 

Querra. Calyx 5-leaved, inferior : capsule 
1-celled : seed 1. 22. 82—(fork chickweed.) 

Proserrimnaca. Calyx 3-parted superior : nut 
§-sided, 3-celled, crowned by the calyx. 15, 22— 
{mermaid-weed.) 

* Zauthoxylon, Alsine, 


$4 LASS IV. ORDER L. 


ASS IV. TETRANDRIA. 
OrDER I. Monocynta. 


A. Flowers 1-petalled, inferiorgcalyx 4-cleft. 

CatticarPa. Corol 4-cleft, tubular: berry 4- 
seeded. 43. 38—(Bermuda mulberry.) 

Piantaco. Corol 4-cleft reflexed: capsule 2- 
celled, opening transversely : stamens very long. 
54. 31—(plantain, ribwort.) ; 

Lycium. Corol tubular, having the throat 
closed by the beards of the filaments: berry 2- 
celled, many-seeded. 28. 41—(box thorn.) 

Frasera. Corol4-cleft, spreading ; segments 
with bearded glands in the middle : capsule com- 
ee sub-margined, 2-valved : seeds few, im- 

ricated—(pyramid flower.) — 

Bartonia, Coro] 4-cleft, bell-form, perma- 
nent: capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded— 
(screw-stem. ) 

Hovstronta. Corol salver-form: capsule 2-. 
celied, 2-valved, 2-seeded. 47. 57—(Venus” 
pride.) 

B. Flowers 1-peialled, superior. 


Mircnerta. Calyx 4-toothed: corols 2 on 
each germ, tubular: berry double, 4-seeded : 
stigmas 4, 48. 57—(partridge-berry, checker- 
berry.) 

Sancursorsa. Calyx inferior, 2-leaved: co- 
rel superior, 4 parted ; capsule between the calyx 
and corol. 54, 92—(burnet saxifrage.) 

CernaLanruus, Inflorescence in ahead: gen- 
eral calyx none: proper calyx superior : corol 
funnel-form : receptacle globular, hairy : cap- 
sules 2 to 4-partible: seed solitary, oblong. 48. 
57—(button-bush.) . 

Linnarka. Calyx double; that of the fruit 2- 
-_jeaved. inferior ; that of the fiower 5-parted : co- 
rol bell-form: stamens somewhat didynamous ; 
berry 3-celled, dry. 48, 58—(twin-ilower.) 


"vi 
> 
~~" ak 


CLASS IV. ee 35 
Rusra. Calyx 4-toothed : corol 4 or 5-cleft, 


bell-form: berries 2, one-seeded, (stamens 4-5; 
leaves stellate.) 47. 57—(madder.) Exotic. 

ScaBrosa. Common calyx many-leaved ; pro- 

r one double, superior: receptacle chaffy or 
naked. (Flowers aggregate.) 47.57—(scabious.) 
Exotic. 

Gatium. Caiyx 4-toothed: corol flat: fruit 
dry: seeds 2, roundish: (leaves stellate.) 47. 57 
—(bedstraw.) EAN 

irpsacus. Commoncalyx many-leaved ; pro- 
per calyx 1-leafed superior : receptacle chaify : 
a1) 1, crowned : flowers aggregate. 48. 56—(tea- 
sel, 
C. Flowers 4-petalled, inferior. 

AmMannta. Calyx tubular, plaited, 8-toothed : 
petals 4, or none, on the calyx: capsule 4-celled 
—(sometimes 2-celled and 8-stamened.) 17. 91— 
(tooth-cup.) 

D. Flowers 4-petalled, superior. 

Cornus. Calyx 4-toothed: drupe witha 2- 
celled nut. Some species have a 4-leaved involu- 
cre. 45. 58—(dogwood, false box.) 

Lupwrers. Calyx 4-parted, the divisions 
long, permanent: capsule 4-cornered, 4-celled, 
periorated at the top, many-seeded—(petals some- 
times wanting.) 17. 88—(seed-box.) 

OLDENLANDIA. Coro] 4-petalled : calyx 4- 
_ parted, superior : capsule 2-celled, many-seeded : 

columella a (Styles 1 or 2.)—(vound head.) 
E. Flowers not compiete. 

Pornos. General calyx a spathe : perianth o: 
spadix simple, covered with flowers : petals 4, 
wedge-form : berries globose, 2-seeded, inclosed 
in a spongy paceyenets 2, 7—(skunk-cabbage.) 

Isnarapia. Calyx bell-form, 4-parted superi- 
or: corol o : capsule 4-celled, 4-cornered, many- 
seeded, korsoumted by the calyx, 17. 91—(water- 
purslane.) 


— s 


ed. 


36 CLASS V. ORDER LT 


Rivina. Corol 4-petalled, inferior, perman- 
ent : calyx o: berry 1-seeded: seed lenticular, 
rough, oarne 4, 8 or 12.) 12. 29—(rough seed.) 

* Convallaria, Cardaminey Prinos. 


OrpverR II. Dieynta, 


Hamamenis. Involucre 3-leaved: perianth 
4-leaved : petals 4, very long, linear: nut 2-cell- 
ed, 2-horned. 54. 78—(witch hazel.) Flowers in 
autumn, and perfects its seed the following spring. 

* Cuscuta, Swertia, Oldenlandia, Gentiana. 


Orper IV. TETRAGYNIA. 


TInzx. Calyx 5-toothed; corol 4-parted, 
wheel-form ; style 0; berry 4-celled, cells 1-seed- 
ed. 43. 95—(holly.) 
Rupria. Calyxo: corolo: seeds 4, pedicell- 


Sacina. Calyx 4-leaved ; petals 4 ; capsule 
4-celled, 4-valved, many seeded. 22. 82—(pearl- 
wort. 

ip abes Calyx 3 or 4-parted : petals 3 or 4, 
equal : capsules 3 or 4, two or many-seeded. 15. 
6—(pigmy-weed. ) 

PoramMocrtTon. Calyx o: petals 4: style 0: 
seeds 4. 15. 6—(pond-weed.) 


& CLASS V. PENTANDRIA. 


OrpeR I. MeoenoG¥ntia. 


A. Flowers 1-petalled, es ek 3; having 4 naked 
seeds. Rough-leaved plants. 

Putmonaria. Calyx prismatic 5-angled: co- 
rol funnel-form, with an open throat; seeds 
roundish, obtuse. 41. 42—(lung-wort.) 

CEeRINTHE. Limb of the corol tubular, ven- 
tricose, throat pervieus : nuts two, 2-celled. 41. 
42—(honey-wort.) Exotic. 

LirHosPpeERMUM. Calyx 5-parted : corol fun- 
nel-form, with an open throat: seeds ovate, poin- 
ted, stoney : stamens and pistils inclosed. 41, 42 
—(stone-seed or gromwell. 


GLASS V. ORDER T. | 37 


‘Cynoctossum. Calyx 5-parted: corol fun- 
nel-form, vaulted, throat closed : seeds depress- 
ed, aflixed laterally to the style within. 41. 42— 
(hound-tongue. ) 

Barsent,. Calyx about 5-cleft: corol sal- 
ver-forin, With a strait tube longer than the calyx ; 
having a bearded ring within at the base ; throat 
naked, with rounded divisions: seeds hard and 
shining. 41. 42—(false bugloss.) 

Ancnusa. Calyx 5-parted: corol funnel-form, 
vaulted, throat closed : seeds marked at the base, 
and their surface generally veined. 41. 42.—(bug- 
loss.) Exotic. 

yosoris. Calyx half-5-cleft: corol salver- 
form, curved, 5-cleft, vaulted, throat closed, the 
lobes slightly emarginate : seeds smooth or echi- 
nate. 41. 42—(scorpion-grass.) 

Hewrorropium. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed : 
corol salver-form, 5-clett, with teeth or folds be- 
tween the divisions ; throat open. (Spikes re- 
curved, involute.) 41. 42—(turnsole.) 

OnosmMopium. Calyx deeply 5-parted : corol 
oblong, somewhat bell-form, with the acute divis- 
ions converging, the upper part of the corol being 
ventricose and half-5-cleft, throat open: anthers 
sessile enclosed : styles exsert. (Spikes revo- 
lute.) 41. 42—(false gromwell.) 

Boraco. Corol whee!-form, the threat closed 
- with rays. 41. 42—(borage.) Exotic. 

_ Sympurrum. Linb, or upper part of the corol, 
tubular-swelling, the throat closed with subulate 
rays. 41. 42—(comfrey.) 

Kcuium. Corol most irregular, throat naked, 
large : stigma cleft. 41. 42—(viper’s bugloss.) 
B. Flowers 1-petalled, inferior ; seeds covered with 

a 1-celled capsule : calya 5-parted or 5-toothed, 

Hypropuyitium. Corol beli-form, 5-cleft, 
with 5 longitudinal honey-bearing groves inside : 
capsule globose, 2-valved: stigina 2-cleft. 41, 42 
—(water-leal, burr-flower.) 


9 


38 CLASS V. ORDER EI. 


Notawa. Calyx 5-cleft, divisions broad: corol 
bell-form : stigma capitate, somewhat 5-angled : 
seeds 5: receptacle fleshy, thickening. 41. 42. 
Exotic. ~ 

Awacatiis. Corol wheel-form, deeply 5-part- 
ed: capsule opening transversely : stamens hairy. 
20. 34—(scarlet pimpernel.) 

Lysimacuia. Corol wheel-form: capsule glo- 
bular, 15-valved, mucronate : stigma obtuse.— 
(In some species the filaments are united at the 
base.) 20. 34—(loose-strife.) 

Dopvrcatuzox., Corol wheel-form, reflexed 
capsule oblong : stamens on the inside of the tube : 
stigma obtuse. 20, 34—(false-cowslip.) : 

funyantues, Corol hairy : capsule ovate : 
stigma 2-cleft, 21. 34— buck bean.) 

ILLARSIA. Capsule 1-celled, valveless : co- 
rol wheel-form ; divisions bearded at the base, 
margin inflexed, 21. 34—(spur-stem, heart water- 
shield.) ; 

Primvuta. Umbellets involucred : tube of co- 
vol cylindric, throat open, divisions of corol emar- 
ginate : capsule 1-celled with a 10-cleft mouth : 
Vs ae globular. 21. 34—(primrose, cowslip.) 

_Hotrronra. Corol salver-form: stamens on 
the tube of the corol : stigma globular. 21. 34— 
(feather-leaf.) 


Differ from the above in having 2-celled 
capsules. - 


Spicezria. Corol funnel-form : twin capsules 
4-valved, 2-celled : stigma simple: seeds many. 
47. 46—(pink-root.) 

Convotyutus. Corol funnel-form, plaited : 
stigma 2-cleft or double : cells of the capsule 2 or 
3; each 2 seeded. 29. 43—(bind-weed.) 

Darura. Calyx tubular, angled, caducous : 


coro! funnel-form, plaited ; capsule 4-valved, 4- 


celled, smooth or thorny. 28. 41—(thorn-apple.) 
Nicorrana. Corel funnel-form, limb piaited : 

stigma notched: stamens inclined: capsules 2- 

elled; 2-valved. 28. 41—(tobacco.) Exotic. 


CLASS V. ORDER I. 39 


Versascum. Corol wheel-form, somewhat ir- 
regular : stamens declined, hairy : capsules 2- 
celled, 2-valved ; valves inflexed : many seeded. 
28. 41—(mullein.) 

Carmona. Calyx somewhat bell-form : corol 
salver-form or wheel-form : anthers becoming spi- 
ral ; filaments on the tube of the corel : pistil de- 
clined : pericarp 4-celled. 20. 40—(centaury.) 

Arropra. Corol bell-form: stamens distant : 
berry globular, 2-celled, sitting on the calyx. 28. 
41—(deadly nightshade.) Exotic. 

Pwaceria. Coroi somewhat bell-form, 5-cleft: 
stamens exsert : capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 4- 
seeded. 41. 42. 

Hyoscyamus. Corol funnel-form, obtuse, ire 
regular ; stamens inclined : capsule 2-celled, cov- 
ered with a lid. 28. 41—(henbane.) Exotic. 


Differ from the above in having 3-celled 
capsules. 

Diarensia. Calyx 5-leaved, imbricated with 
leafets : corol salver-form ; limb flat, 5-cleft : 
stamens crowning the tube of the corel: capsule 
3-valved, many seeded, 21. 43. 

Puiox. Calyx prismatic : corel salver-form 3 
with a tube somewhat curved : filaments unequal 
m length: stigmas 3-cleft: capsule 3-celled, i- 
_ seeded. 20. 44—lichnedia.) 3 

Potemonium. Calyx-half 5-cleft: corel wheel- 
form, 5-parted : stamens on 5 valves closing the 
bottom of the tube: stigma 3-cleft. 29. 44— 
(Greek-valerian. ) 

Ipomora. Corel funnel or bell-form, with 5 
plaits : ane globe-headed, papillose : capsule 
2 or 3-celled, many-seeded. 29. 43—(cypress 
vine, morning glory.) 


Pyxipantuera. Tivisions of calyx lying — 


over each other, chaffy-membranaceous : coro 
bellform, 5-parted : filaments lamellar: cells of 
anthers opening transversely : stigmas 3; style 
thick. 21. 43--(box-flower.) 


oe 


40 CLASS ¥Y. ORDER I. 


Differ from the above in having 5-celled 
capsules. 


AzaLeA. Corol tubulary half-5-cleft, some- 
what oblique : stamens on the receptacle ; stigma 
obtuse, usually ending with 5 short papillae. 18. 
50——(wild honey-suckle.) . 

Vinca. Corol salver-form, twisted, border 5- 
cleft, with oblique divisions; throat 5-angled : 
seed naked, oblong : follicles 2, erect, terete, nar- 
row. 50. 47—-(periwinkle.) ; 
— Differ from the above in having 2-celled 

berries. 

Soranum. Calyx permanent: corol bell or 
wheel-form, 5-lobed, plaited: anthers thickened, 
with two pores at the top: berry containing ma- 
ny hi 28. 41—(potatoe, nightshade, bitter- 
sweet. 

Puysatts. Corol bell or wheel-form: an- 
thers converging : berries contained in an inflat- 
ted calyx : seeds numerous. 28. 41—(winter 
cherry.) 

Capstcum. Corol wheel-form: berry juice- 
less: anthers converging: calyx angular. 28, 
41—.red pepper.) Exotic. 

C. Flowers 1-petalled, half inferior : calyx 5-cleft. 

Samouvs. Corol salver-form, 5-lobed, with in- 
termediate scales fencing the stamens between 
them ; capsule 1-celled, 5-toothed ; many seeded, 
21. 34--(brookweed.) 

D. Flowers 1-petalled superior : calyx 5-cleft.— 
(stems woody. ) | 

Lontcera. Corol tubular, 5-cleft, unequal : 
berry 2 or 4-celled : seeds many. 48. 58—(trum- 
pet honey-suckle.) 

Xytostecm. Corcol tubular, border 5-parted, 
neaily equal: berries in pairs, whose bases are 
connate, or single coadunate ; 2-celled. 48, 58— 

~ {ily honey-suckle, twin-berry.) 


CLASS V. ORDER I. 41 


‘) Diervitra. Calyx oblong: corol twice as 
long as calyx, funnel-form, border 5-cleft, spreads 
ing: capsule oblong, 4-celled, many seeded. 48, 
58——(bush honey-suckle.) 

(Stems not woody.) 


Campanuta. Corol bell-form, closed at the 
bottom by valves bearing the stamens: stigma 3 
to 5-cleft : capsule 3 to 5-celled, opening by later. 
al pores. 29. 52——(bell-flower.) 

opetra. Corol irregular, often irregular- 
ly slitted : anthers cohering and somewhat curv- 
ed: stigma simple: capsule 2 or 3-celled: 29. 
52—-(cardinal flower, wild tobacco.) 

Mrrasitis. Coro! funnel-form, coarctate be- 
low : calyx inferior: germ between the calyx 
and corol: stigma globular, 54. 32—(four o’- 
clock.) Exotic. 

Triosteum. Calyx of the length of the corol : 
corol tubular, 5-lobed: berry 3-celled, 3-seed- 
ed. 48. 53—(feverwort, horse ginseng.) 

E. Flowers 5-petalled, ivferior. 
(Stems woody.) 


Ruamnvus. Calyx cup-form, 4 or 5-cleft ; 
corol consists of scales fencing in the stamens 
and inserted on the calyx (sometimes wanting) ; 
stigma cither simple, 2 or 4-cleft ; berry 3 or 4- 
seeded ; (sometimes polygamous or dioecious.) 
48. 95—(buck-thorn, Swat alder. 
~ Ceranotuus. Petals bay-like, vaulted, stand- 
ing in the cup-form calyx ;. berry, or capsule 
dry, 3-grained. 43. 95—-(New-Jersey tea.) 

Cerastaus. Calyx flat : corel spreading : 
capsule 3-angled, 3-celled, berry-like : stigma S- 
cleft: seeds calyptred. 43. 95—-(staff tree, false 
bittersweet.) 

Evonymus. Calyx 5-parted, flat: corol flat : 
capsule 5-angled. 5-celled, 5-valved, coloured ; 
seeds calyptred. 43. 95—(spindle tree) 

Vitis. Calyx S-sesthene petals cohering at 

2 


42 CLASS V. ORDER Tf. 


the tip hood-like, withering : berry 5-seeded, 
globular. (Often dioecious.) 46.72—( grape vine.) 
Amrexopsis. Calyx 5-tooth@d : petals reflex- 
ed, spreading : berry 5-seeded, globular. 46. 72 
---(false grape.) 
Ivrea, Calyx 5-cleft, bearing the 4 long linear 
reflexed petals: stigma capitate, 24obed : cap- 
sule 2-vatved ; the valves bearing the seeds and 
having inflexed margins. 18. 50. } 


( Stems not woody.) 


Gomrurena. Calyx 5-leaved coloured ; exte- 
rier one 3-leaved ; two leafets converging, keel- 
ed: petals 5, villose (or rather no corol) nectary 
cylindric, 5-toothed : capsule opening transverse- 
ly, -1-seeded : style semibifid—(bachelor’s but- 
tons.) Exotic. 

Iwpatriens, Calyx 2-leaved: corol irregular, 
spurred : anthers cohering: capsule elastic, 5- 
valved. 24. 75—(jewel weed, touch-me-not, or 
balsam weed.) 

Cerosta. Calyx 3-leaved: corol 5-petalled : 
stamens joined at the base by a plaited nectary : 
capsule horizontally dehiscent: style 2 or 3-cleft. 

Leaves always opposite)—(cockscomb.) Exotic. 

Viota. Calyx 5-leaved : corol irregular, 
with a horn behind (sometimes the horn is want- 
ing:) anthers attached by a membranous tip: 
eapsule 1-celled, 3-valved 29. 80—t(violet.) — 

Crayroxia. Calyx 2-valved : stigma 3-cleft : 
capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, s-seeded. 13. 86— 
(spring beauty.) 

F. Flowers 5-petalled, superior. 


Rises. Corol and stamens inserted on tlie 
' calyx : style 2-cleft : berry many-seeded. 36.85 
(currant, gooseberry.) 

Hepera. Petals eblong: berry 5-seded, sur- 
rounded by the calyx: style simple. 46. 58— 
(European ivy.) Exotic. 

G. Corols wanting. 
Inreckegnrum. Calyx 5-leaved, divisions arch- 


CLASS V. ORDER IE 43 


ed at the tips : corol o ; stigma simple or 2-cleft : 
capsule 5-valved, 1-seeded. 

Graux. Calyx inferior, 5-lobed, coloured: 
capsnle 1-celled, 5-valved, 5-seeded, surrounded 
by the calyx. 17.91--(sea-milk wort.) 

Tuestum. Calyx superior, half 5-cleft, bear- 
ing the stamens : nut 1-seeded, covered with the 
permanent calyx. 31. 24— false toad-flax.) 


Orpver II. Droeywra. 


A. Follicles 2: corol 1-petalled, with a five-parted 
border. 


Amsonta. Corol funnel-form, throat closed : 
follicles erect : seeds terete, naked, obliquely 
_ truncate. (Stigma with a marginal ring. Leaves 
always alternate.) 

Nerium. Calyx 5-parted, small, permanent ; 
corol funnel-form ; throat with alacerated crown : 
follicles converging, long acuminate—(oleander.) 
Exotic. 

Perirtoca. Nectary pitcher-form, putting out 
5 threads, surrounding the stamens : corol whecl- 
form : stigma capitate, 5-correred. 30. 47—(foli- 
cle vine.) 

~Avocynum. Corol bell-form : stamens alter- 
nating with 5 filamentous pointed nectaries : stig- 
ma broad almost sessile: follicles long-linear. 30. 
47 ---dog-bane, Indian hemp.) 

- B. Capsules 1 or 2-cetled, 2-valved : coral 1-petal- 
ed : calyx 5-cleft. 

Swertra. Corol wheel-form with nectarifer- 
ous pores at the base of the divisions: capsule 1- 
celled. 20. 46---(false gentian.) 

Genriana. Corol with a tubular base, with- 
out pores : capsule 1-celled, oblong : columellas 
2, longitudinal. 20. 46---(gentian.) 

Cuscuta. Corel 5-cleit: capsule 2-celled, di- 
viding transversely at the base: seeds binate. 
29. 43—(dedder.) 


44 CLASS V.. ORDER I 


C. Coro! 5-petalled. 


Hevucuera. Calyx inferior: corel on the cas 
lyx : capsule 2-beaked, 2-ceiled, 13. 84—(allum 
root. ) : 
Panax. Polygamous. Umbelled. Involucre 
many leaved: calyx 5-toothed, superior : berry 
heart-form, 2-seeded: calyx, in the staminate 
flowers, entire. 46. 59-—(ginseng.) 


D. Corol o. 
(Stem herbaceous, except Atriplex halimus. ) 


Satsouta. Calyx 5-leaved with a capsular base : 
capsule 1-celled, with a spiral seed, 12. 29—(salt- 
wort.) 

Cuznopopium. Calyx 5-leaved, 5-angled, in- 
ferior : seed 1, lens-like, invested by the calyx. 
22, 29. (pigweed, oak of Jerusalem.) : 

Bera. Calyx 5-leaved: seed kidney-form 
within the fleshy substance of the base of the ca- 
Jyx. 12. 29—(beet.) Exotic. 

Arriptex. Calyx 5-leaved, inferior ; style 2- 
parted : seed 1, depressed. Pistillate flowers are 
intermixed, in which the calyx is 2-leaved. 12. 29 
—(orach.) 

(Stems woedy.) | 

Urmvus. Calyx bell-form withering, border 
5-cleft: seed 1, enclosed in a flat membranaceous 
samara. (Stamens vary from 4 to 8.) 53. 99— 
Celm.) 

Ceitis. Polygamous. Calyx 5-parted : styles 
thickish, spreading : drupe 1-seeded : staminate 
flowers beneath the perfect ones, with 6-parted 
calyxes : stamens 6. 53. 99—(nettle-tree.) 


E. Plants umBE.LirerRovs. Flowers 5-petalled, 
2-seeded. 
— With general and partial involucres. 
Eryncium. Iinvolucres many leaved : flow- 
ers in heads, all fertile : receptacle chaffy ; fruit 
crowned, 2-partibie. 45, 60—(sea-holly.) 


CLASS V. ORDER IPL. 45 


. Corrtannrum. Corols radiate, with petals in- 
flected, emarginate : general involucre 1-leafed ; 
partial one halved: fruit globular. 45. 60—(cori- 
ander.) Exotic, 

Hyprocotrie, Umbels simple and very small ; 
flowers all fertile: involucre 4-leaved: petals 
entire: fruit half-orbicular, compressed. 45. 60 
—(water-navelwort.) 

Sanicuta. Flowers of the disk abortive : um- 
bels crowded into head-like heaps : seeds prickly. 
45. 60—(sanicle, blackroot.) 

_ Heracteum. General involucre caducous : 
flowers unequal: petals inflexed, emarginate : 
fruit oval, compressed, striate, margined, emaa- 
ginate. 45. 60—(cow-parsely.) 

~ Cavcatts. Corols mostly radiate with the 
disk flores staminate: petals inflexed, emargin- 
ate: fruit hispid with bristles : involucre many- 
leaved, entire or none. 45. 60—-(base-parsiey.) 
Southern states. 

Bavcvus. Involucres pinnatifid : flowers seme- 
what radiate, those of the disk abortive: fruit 
hispid with hairs. (Umibels funnel-form.) 45. 60 
—(carrot.) Exotic. 

Ancetica. Petals incurved: corels equal: 
ealyx 5-toothed: style refiexed : fruit roundish, 
solid, 3-winged both sides. 45. 60— angelica.) 

Sison. Petals lanceclate, infiected : umbels 
_ with few peduncles : fruit ovate, striate : invo- 
lucres about 4-leaved. 45. 60—(honewort.) 

Fervta. Petals heart-form: fruit oval, flat 
compressed, with 3 lines on both sides: flowers 
uniform, all fertile : general involucre caducous, 
partial ones many leaved. (Generally tall.) 45. 
60—(giant-fennel. ) 

Licusticum. Involucre membranaceous : ca- 
lyx 5-toothed : petals equal, involute, entire : fruit 
3 or 5-ribbed each side, oblong. 45. 60—(lovage, 
smellage.) Exotic. 

Ammui. Inyolucres many leaved ;: corols radiate, 


‘ Bre As) es } 4) Ses 
46 CLASS V. ORDER II. 
all perfect: fruit smooth or striate: umbels lax, 
45. 60—(bishop-weed.) ; 
Si1um. Involucres many-leawed : petals heart- 
form : fruit somewhat ovate, striate, compressed. 
45. 60—(water parsnip.) 3 
Setinum. Involucre reflexed: perianth entire : 
petals heart-form, equal: fruit fiat-compressed, 
striated in the middle, oval-oblong. 45. 60— 
(milk-parsley. ) | 
Conium. Partial involucres halved, somewhat 
S-leaved: fruit somewhat globular, marked with 


5 lines, crenate at both ends. 45. 60—(poison 
hemlock.) 


With a partial, and without a general, invo- 
were. ) 
Cuaeropnytium. Involucre concave, reflex- 
ed, 5 to 8-leaved: petals inflexed, heart-form : 
fruit oblong, smooth or striated, very glabrous. 
45. 60—(poison cicily.) : 
Myrruis. Umbel compound : involucres erect: 
fruit oblong, deepiy furrowed, angles sub-mem- 
branaceous. 45. 60—(sweet cicily.) 
Cicura. Involucre 3 to 5-leaved: fruit subs 
ovate. grooved. 45. 60—(cowbane. } 
Impzratorra. Fruit roundish, compressed, 
gibbous im the middle, bound at the margin with 
a wing: petals inflex-emarginate. 45, 60—{mas- 
ter-wort. ) 


Without a partial incolucre, and rarely hav- 
ing a general one. 


Smyryium. Fruit somewhat compressed, gib- 
bous, striate: petals acuminate, keeled.—(Fruit 
becoming black.) 45. 60—(alexanders.) 

Pasrinaca. Fruit oval, flat-compressed: pe- 
tals involute, entire. 45. 60—(parsnip.) ’ 

Ansruum. Fruit ovatish, compressed, striate: 
petals inyolute, entire. 45. 60—(fennel, dill.) 
Exotic. 


CLASS VY. ORDERS III. IV. 4? 


Arium, Fruit ovate, striate: involucre 1-leaf- 
edt : petals equal. 45. 60—(celery, parsley), Ex- 
otic. 3 

~Carum. Fruit ovate-oblong, striate : involu- 
cres about 1-leafed: petals keel-form, inflex- 
emarginate 45. 60—(caraway.) Exotic. 

* Polygonum, Scleranthus. 

 Asclepais and Cynanchum, are usually placed 
here; but they are carried to the 19th class on the 
authority of Dr. Smith. 


Orper III. Trieynta. 


A. Corols superior, 5-cleft. 


Visurnum. Calyx 5-parted: berry or drupe 
1-seeded.. 43. 58—(snowball, sheep-berry, high 
cranberry.) 

._ Sambucus. Calyx 5-parted: berry 3-seeded. 
43. 68—(elder ) 

Tamarix. Calyx 5-parted: os 5: capsule 
1-celled, 3-valved: seed furnished with hairs. 
(tamarisk ) Exotic. 

B. Corols inferior, 5-petalled. 


Sripnuytea Calys 5-parted: capsules inflat- 
ed, connate ; nuts globular, having a cicatrice. 
23. 95—( bladder nut. ) 

Ruvs. Calyx 5-parted ; berry 1-seeded. 43. 
94—-(sumach, poison ivy.) 

Sanotura. Calyx 5-parted : capsule 1-celled, 


S-valved, coloured. 20. 82—(pine-weed.) 


Austny. Calyx 5-leaved : petals equal: cap- 
sule 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded ; having a 
free central columella. 22, $2—{chick-weed.) 

* Euphorbia, Panax. 
Orver IV. Terracynia. 


Parnassta. Calyx 5-parted : corol 5-petalled: 
nectaries 5, with stamen-like divisions, globular 
tips : capsule 4-valved, 2-celled: seed membran- 
aceous-margined, 14, 64—(parnassus-grass, false 
plantain.) 


48 CLASS VI. ORDER I. 


Orver V. Penracynia. 


Anata. Umbellets involucred: perianth 5- 
toothed, superior: petals 5: berry crowned, 5- 
celled ; cells 1-seeded. 46. 592(spikenard, wild 
sarsaparella. ) . 

Linum Calyx 5-leaved: corol 5-petalled: 
capsule 5-valved, 10-celled: seeds solitary : fila- 
ments thickening at the base. 14. 73—(flax.) 

Drosera Calyx 5-cleft: corel 5-petalled : 
capsule 1-celled, 3 to 5-valved at the top, seeds 
many. Sometimes 6-styled.. (The leaves are al- 
ways beset with glandular hairs resembling dew.) 
14. 64—(sundew. } | 

Statice. Calyx 1-leaved, entire, plaited, sca- 
rious, inferior: corel 5-petalled: seed 1. 48. 33— 
(marsh-rosemary © 

* Spergula, Ceratium. 


er * 
Orper XIll. Poryeinta. 


Z-xtuorniza. Calyx o: petals 5: nectaries- 
5, pedicelled: capsules 1-seeded, about 5 in num- 
ber. 26. 61—(yellow-root ) 


CLASS Vi. HEXANDRIA. 
Orpver I. Monoeynta. 


A. Flower with a perianth and corol, without a 
spate. 


Bromeia. Calyx 3-cleft, superior: petals 3, 
avith nectariferous scales at the base: berry 3- 
celled. 10——(pine-apple.) Exotic. 

‘Trapescantia. Calyx inferior, 3-leaved: corol 
$-petalled: filaments with jointed heads: cap- 
i 3-celled. 6. 13—(spiderwort.) 

Berserris. Calyx inferior, 6-leaved: petals 
6, with 2 giands at the claw of each: styleo: 
berry 1-celled, 2-seeded. (Stigma navelled: sta- 
- mens spring up on being irritated.) —(barberry.) 

CavLopnytium. |. Calyx inferior, 6-leaved : 
petals 6, opposite to the leaves of the calyx ; drupe 

& 


CLASS VI. ORDER Tf. 49 


1-seeded ; anther 2-celled, gaping at the margin. 
24. he he? ee 

Prinos. Calyx inferior, 6-cleft : corol wheel- 
form, 6-cleft ; berry 6-seeded. 43, 95—(winter- 
berry ) 

Cry ome. Calyx 4-leaved : petals 4, ascending + 
glands S, one at each sinuate division of the calyx 
except the lowest: stamens from 6 to 20, or more: 
capsule silique-like, 1-celled, 2-valved. Tetra- 
dynamous. 25. 64—({alse-mustard ) 

Frorrxea. Calyx 3-leaved, corol 3-petalled : 
style 2-cleft : capsule bladder-like, 2-grained. 15. 
29—( false-mermaid.) 


B. Flowers with a spatie or glume without a pe- 
rianth. 


Amaryuuts. Corol superior, 6-petalled, une- 
qual: jilaments unequal in pr yer or direc- 
tion, declined, inserted in the threat of the tube. 
9. 17—(atamask lily.) 

Hyvoxis. Glume-like spathe 2-valved: corol 
superior, 6-parted, permanent: capsule elonga- 
ted, narrow at the base: seed roundish. 10..17— 
(star- -27 ass.) 

Autium. Spathe many flowered : petals infe- 
rior. oyate, ots » sessile, (Flowers in close 
umbels or heads.) 9. 16—(leek, garlic. onion, 
cives. ) 

Gatanruus. Petals 8, concave, superior : 
nectaries 3, small, emarginate: stigma simple. 
6. 17—(snow-drop.) Exotic. ea 

Narcissus. Petals 6, equal, supe 
bell-form, 1-leafed, including 
—{jonquil, daffodil ) Exotic. 

VonrEDERIA. Corol inferior, 6-cleft, 9-lipped : 
capsule Hleshy, 3-celled, many scones S-stanncus 
commonly inserted on the ob s on t 
tube of the coral. 6. 17—(pickeril 

C. Flowers without spathe, meee or 2am, . 

Agave, Corol erect, Sener tubular, or fun« 

% ; 


. 


+ 


a. is 


50 CLASS VI. ORDER EL 


nelform ; filaments erect, longer than the corol: 
capsule triangular, many-seeded. 10.15—(agave.) 

Avetris. Corol superior, funnel-form, wrink- 
led, somewhat 6-cleft ; with the stamens inserted 
onthe base of its divisions : capsule 3-celled, ma- 
ny-seeded, half inferior when mature. 10. 16— 
(ialse aloe.) 

Hemerocarus, Corol 6-parted, tubular-fun- 
nelform : stamens declined : stigma small, sim- 
ple. 10. 17—(day-lily.) Exotic. 

Dracaena. Corol inferior, 6-parted ; or 6- 
petalled cohering at the base: filaments some- 
what thickened in the middle: berry with 3 one- 
seeded cells. 11. 12—(Dragoness-plant.) 

Conostytus. Corel more than half inferior, 
6-cleft, permanent, with branching hairs: an- 
thers erect: style conic, 3-parted : stigma simple: 
capsule opening at top, 3-celled, many-seeded. 

Eryrtsronium. Coro! liliaceous, inferior, 6- 
petalled ; petals refiexed, having 2 tubercle-form 
nectaries at the base of the three inner alternate 
petals. 11. 14—(dog-tooth violet, or adder- 
jongue. ) ; 

Asparacus. Corol superior, 6-parted, erect ; 
the three inner petals refiexed at the apex: ber: 
ry 3-celled ; many-seeded. 11. 12—(asparagus.) 
i’xotic. 

Potyantues. Corol funnel-form, incurved : 
filaments inserte the throat: germ within the 

e corol. 10. 16—(tuberose.) Exotic. 


3 nectariferous pores at the top of 
he germ : stamens inserted in the middle of the 
‘ovol: cells somewhat 2-seeded. 10. 16—(hya- 
cinth.) Exotic. J 

ium. Corol inferior liliaceous 6-petalled ; 


petals” a longitudinal line from the middle to 
the base: capsule with the valves connected by 


hairs crossing as ina sieve. 10. 14—(lily.) 
"Tunipa, _ Corol 6-petalled, liliaceous + style 
Aone, 10. 14—(tulip.) Exotic. : oa. 


_ oN 


cal 


CLASS VI. ORDER II. 51 


Fritittaria. Corol 6-petalled, bell-form. 
With a nectariferous cavity above the claw of 
each: stamens of the length of the corol : seeds 
flat. 10. 14—(crown imperial.) Exotic. 

Convattarra. Coro] inferior 6-cleft: berry 
S-celled, spotted before ripening. 11. 12—(sol- 
omon-seal.) 

Uvuraria. Corol inferior, 6-petalled, with 
a nectariferous hollow at the base of each petal : 
filaments yery short. 11. 14—(bellwort. ) 

Grontium. Receptacle spadix-like, cylindric, 
covered with florets : spathe 0: covol 6-petalled, 
naked: style 0: follicle 1-seeded. 2. 7—(float- 
ing avam. ) 

Rita sheen Corol 6-petalled, inferior, 
spreading, permanent : filaments thread- form, 
hairy : capsule prismatic : seed appendaged at 
both ends. 10. 16-—( false asphodel. ) 

Orsxiruocatum. Corol 6-petalied, erect, per- 
manent, spreading above the middle : filaments 
dilated. or subulate at the base: capsule roundish, 
angled, 3-celled: seed roundish, naked. 10. ie. 
(star of Bethlehem.) E:xotic. 

AspHovELtus. Corol 6-parted, spreading : 
“nectary covering the germ with 6-valves. 10. 14 
—(kings spear, or asphodel.) Exotic. 

_ Acorus. Receptacle spadix-like, cylindric, 

covered with florets : calyx 6-parted : ‘corol 0 : 

capsule 3-celled 5-seeded. | - 7 -(sweet flag.) 
D. Flowers without coro. 

Juncus. Glume 2- er e 
permanent : stigmas 3: capsules 
_valy ed, many-seeded. 5. 13—(ri 
rush.) ’ 

-~ * Trientalis, Polygonum, La 


Orper Il. Dievnta. 
Oryz:. Calyx, glume orvalved, 
coral ! 


a-valved, adhering to the set 10— x 
~ Exotic. 
Ulinus. 


52 CLASS VI. ORDER I. 


Orper Il]. Trieynta. | 
_ Meprouta. Calyx o: corol deeply 6-parted, 
revolute: berry 3-seeded. 11. 12--(Indian cu- 
cumber. ) . 

Mexrantuium. Polygamous. Calyx o: corol 
wheel-form, 6-parted or 6-petalled, each part 
with 2 glands at the base: stamens from the 
lengthened claws of the petals : capsule ovatish, 
somewhat 3-cleft at the apex, $-celled ; seeds 
membrane-winged, numerous. 10. 13—(black- 
flower.) 

Veratrum. Polygamous. Calyxe: corol 6- 
petalled, without glands : capsules $, many- 
seeded. (‘The staminate flowers have the rudi- 

ent cf a pistil.. 10. 13—(itchweed, or swamp 
hellebore. ) 

Hetonris. Calyx o: corol 6-petalled: styles 
distinct : capsules 3-celled, 3-horned, few-seeded. 
10. 1S5—‘helonias.) 

Xeropuytyrum. Corel wheel-form : fila- 
menis contiguous to the base : stigmas 3, revo- 
lute, sub-connate at the base : capsule subglo- 
bose, opening at the top into three fissures, 3- 
celled, each 2-seeded. 10. 13. U 

Vorirtpa. Calyx 5-cletft inferior : petals 6 : 
capsules 3, joimed at the base, many seeded. 10. 

ScueucnzeRiA. Calyx 6-parted inferior : co- 
rol o: anthers linear: stigmas sessile, lateral : 
capsules 3, inflated, 1 or 2-seeded. (Sometimes 
the calyx is taken for the corol.) 5. 13—(less 
flowering-rush.) 

Zicavrenus. Calyx 6-leaved, spreading, with 
2 glands above the narrow base of each leaf:sta- 
mens inserted in contact with the. germ : cap- 
sules mémbranaceous, $-celled, many-seeded. 
(Sometimes the calyx is taken for the corol)— 
(zigadene.) | 
‘Vrirtium, Calyx 3-leaved, inferior, sfitead- : 
ing : corel 3-petatled: berry 3-celled, many- — 
sectied. Ni tye eee) ee 


nar : 
%5 Br 
? * ; 


* 


CLASS VUIL. ORDER 1. 54 


Trictocurin. Calyx 3-leaved, inferior ; co- 
rol 3-petalled, resembling the calyx : stigmas 
sometimes 6: capsules dehiscent at the base. 5. 
13—(arrow-grass. ) 

Rumex. Calyx 3-leaved: petals 3, converg- 
ing ; stigma many-cleft: seed 1, naked, three- 
sided. 12. 28--(dock.) Vide Lapathum. 


Orver XIII. Potyeynra. 


Autsma. Calyx 3-leaved : petals 3: capsules 
numerous, 1-seeded. 5. 13--(water-plantain.) 


CLASS VII. HEPTANDRIA. 


Orper 1. Monoeynta. 


Trientaris. Calyx 7-leaved : corol 7-parted, 
equal, flat: berry juiceless : number of stamens 
variable. 20. 34—{chick-wintergreen.) 

AMscutus. Calyx inflated, 4 or 5-toothed : 
corol 4 or 5-petalled, inserted on the calyx, une- 
qual, pubescent : capsule 3-celled : seeds large, 
chestnut-form. 23. 66—(horse-chestnut.) Southern 
states. 

Orver IV. Terraeynia. 

Saururvus. Calyx an ament with 1-flowered 
scales : corolo: germs 4: berries 4, 1-seeded. 2. 
6—(lizard-tail.) 

* Polygonum orientale. 


> 
CLASS VIII. OCTANDRIA, _ 
Onver I. -Mowocynta. 
A. Flowers superior. : 
Oxycoccus. Calyx superior 4-cleft: coro] 4- 
parted, the divisions nearly linear, revolute : fil- 
aments converging, anthers tubular, 2-parted: 
berry many-seeded. 18. 51—(cranberry.) 
Gaura. Calyx 4-cleft, tubular: corol 4-pe- 
talled, ascending towards the upper side ; nut 1- 
seeded. 17. 88—( Virginian loosestrife.) — 
B2 e 


< uh 


ie 


Pts 


4 

 : 
tet 

aut 


= = 


54 €LASS VUL ORDER EL 


_ Epitopium. Calyx 4-cleft: tubular : corol 4- 
_petalied : capsule oblong and of ‘great length: 


_ Seeds feathered. 17. 88—(willoy herb.) 


OrnorueRA. Calyx 4-cleft, tubular: cadu- 
cous, divisions deflected : petals 4, inserted on the 
calyx : stigma 4-cleft; capsule 4-celled, 4-valv- 
ed : seeds not feathered. 17. 88—(scabish, or tree- 
primrose.) 

B. Flowers inferior. 

Ruex1a—Calyx pitcher-form, 4 or 5-cleft : 
petals 4, oblique, inserted on the calyx: anthers 
declined : capsule 4-celled, within the calyx, se- 
tose: seeds numerous, cochleate. 17. 90—(deer- 
grass.) 

Acer. Polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft: corel 4 
or 5-petalled : samaras 2, united at the base, 1- 
seeded. 23. 66—(maple.) — | 

Jerrersonra- Calyx 5-leaved, coloured, cadu- 
cous : corol 8-petalled: capsule obovate, sub-pe- 
duncled, 1-celled, dehiscent below: seeds many, 
oblong, arilled at the base—(twin-leaf.) 

Menztesta. Calyx inferior monophyllus : co- 
rol monopetalous, ovate: filaments inserted on 
the receptacle : capsule 4-celled, the partitions 
from the inflexed margins of the valves: seeds 
many, oblong. 

Erica. Calyx 4-leaved, permanent : corol 4- 
eleft, permanent: filaments imserted on the re- 
eeptacle : anthers bifid : capsules membranaceous, 
4 to 8-celled, the partitions from the margins of 
the valves: seeds many in each cell. 18. 51— 
(heath.) . Exotic. , 

Dirci. Calyx o: coro] tubular, limb obsolete, 
unequal; stamens longer than the tube of the co- 
rol: berry or drupe, 1-seeded. (The corol may 
be taken for a coloured calyx.) 31. 25—(leather- 
wood.) jue 

D.rnne. Calyx o: corol 4-cleft, withering, 
including the stamens: drupe 1-seeded. (mezere- 
on.) Exotic. — op. 


> a 


CLASS IX. ORDERS LI. IIf. 55 


Troporotum. Calyx 4 or 5-cleft, coloured, 
spurred: petals 4 or 5, unequal: nuts leathery, _ 
sulcate. 23. 73—(nasturtion.) Exotic. 


Orper Il. Dyernta,. 


CurysospLentumM. Calyx 4 or 5-cleft, col- 
oured : corol o: capsule 2-beaked, 1-celled, ma- 
nyseeded. (‘The terminal flowers in the Euro- 
pean specimens are decandrous.) 13. 86—(golden 
saxifrage, water-carpet. ) 


Orper IJ. Tricynta. 


CarDIosPERMUM. Calyx 4-leaved ; petals 4 ; 
nectary 4-leaved, unequal: capsules 3, connate, 
inflated. 23. 65—(heart-seed. ) 

PotyGonum. Calyx inferior, 5-parted, co- 
loured, corol o: seed 1, angular, covered with the 
calyx.—(Stamens and pistils vary in number— 
‘The calyx in some species might be taken for a 
corol.) 12. 28—(knot-grass, water-pepper, buck- 
wheat, hearts-ease.) 


CLASS IX. ENNEANDRIA. 


Orper I. Mownoeynta. 


Laurus. Calyx 4 to 6-parted: corol o: nec- 
taries 3, two-bristled glands, surrounding the 
germ: drupe i-seeded. (Stamens vary from 3 


to 14—often dieecious—The calyx may be taken 


for a corol.) 12. 27—(sassafras, spice-bush.) 


Orver Ill. Tricynia. : 


Ruevm. Calyx none: corol 6-cleft, perma- 
nent: seed 1, 3-sided, 12. 28—(rhubarb.) E.xa- 
tic, R i 


‘ 


56 CLASS X. ORDER I. 


x CLASS X. DECANDRIA. 


Orver I. Monoeynta, 


A. Flowers many-petalled, irregular. 


Popatyria. Calyx 5-cleft, somewhat 92-lip- 
ped: corol papilionacecus, wings of the length of 
the banner : legume inflated, smooth, many- 
seeded. 32. 93—(wild indigo.) 

Crercis. Calyx 5-toothed, gibbous below: 
corol papilionaceous, banner under the wing 
short: legume oblong. 33. 93—(judas-tree. ) 

Cassia. Calyx 5-leaved: corol 5-petalled : 
anthers, 3 lower ones beaked : legume membra- 
naceous. 33. 93—(cassia. ) | 

Ruopora. Calyx 5-toothed, corol 3-petalled ; 
stamens declined : capsule 5-celled. 18. 50—(rho- 
dora.) 3 

B. Flowers 5-petalled, regular. 

CretTuHra. Calyx 5-paried, permanent : style 
permanent : stigma 3-cleft : capsule 3-celled, 3- 
valved, surrounded by the calyx. (Spiked.) 18. 
51—(sweet pepper-bush.) 

Pyrona. Calyx 5-parted: anthers with 2 
pores : capsule 5-celled, dehiscent at the angles. 
18. 51—(shin-leaf.) 

CuiIMAPHILA. Calyx 5-parted : petals 5: 
stigma sessile, thick, orbiculate ; germ immers- 
ed: anthers beaked, opening with a kind of 2- 
valved aperture : capsules 5-celled, dehiscent at 
the angles. 18. 51—(prince’s pine, pipsissiwa. ) 

Ruta. Calyx 5-parted: petals concave : re- 
ceptacle surrounded by 10 nectariferous dots: 
capsule lobed. (Petals sometimes 4, and stamens 
8.) 26. 8i—(rue.) Exotic. 

Metis. Calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5: nectary 
cylindric, toothed, bearing the anthers in the 
throat : drupe with a 4-celled nut.—(bead-tree.) 


_ Southern states. , 


MELASTOMA. Calyx 5-cleft, bell-form : petals 


CLASS X. ORDER I. SF 


5, inserted on the calyx: anthers long, bowed : | 


berry 3-celled, obvolute with the calyx. (Stamens 
vary from § to13. Leaves elegantly veined.) | 
Dronana. Calyx 5-leaved : stigma fringed : 
capsule 1-celled, gibbous : seeds numerous. (Pe- 
sometimes 6.) 14. 75—(Venus’ fly-trap.) 


C. Flowers 1-petalled. 


AnDROMEDA. Calyx 5-parted, inferior : co- 
rol ovate or roundish, with a 5-cleft reflexed 
mouth ; capsule 5-celled, with partitions contra- 
ry. (Stamens sometimes 8.) 18. 51—(white- 
bush, leather-leaf.) 

RuopopENDRON. Calyx 5-parted: coro] some- 
what funnel-form and oblique: stamens declin- 
ing: capsule 5-celled. 8. 50—(rosebay.) 

AEMIA. Calyx 5-parted : corol wheel-sal- 
verform, with 10 horns beneath and 10 cavities 
within : capsule 5-celled. 18. 50—(laurel.) 

Vaccinium. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-parted : 
corol bell or pitcher-form, 5-cleft. the divisions 
refiected : filaments imserted on the germ with 
the corel : berry 4 or 5-celled, many seeded. 
(The foreign species are sometimes octandrous.) 
18. 51—(whortieberry.) 

Erprearna. Calyx double, outer 3-leaved, in- 
ner 5-parted : corol salver-form; capsule 5-cell- 
ed, many-seeded. 18. 51—(trailing arbutus.) 

. Guatrneria. Calyx infericr, double, outer 
2-leaved, inner 5-cleft : corol ovate ; capsule 5- 
-celled, invested wit the : , berried, calyx : 
nectary 10-pointed. 18. 51--(spicy winter- “sae 
ey i ae Calyx inferior, Btiarted eos 
ovate, pellucid at the base : berry 5-celled. 18, 
51—(bear-berry.) satis Tol 

Lepum. Calyx 5-cleft: corol flat, 5-parted : 
capsule 5-celled, dehiscent at the base. (Sta- 
‘mens sometimes 5, leaves daw? 18. 50—(lab- 
rador-tea.) ne ae 
_ Letopnyiium. Calyx 5-cleft : coro] flat, 5- 
vg % +e? 4 - a 


ee 
- e 4 


* 


— ST 


58 CLASS X. ORDER IE. 


ves always glabrous.) 10. 50—(sleek leaf.) 
= D. Calyx none, 


Mownotropa. Coro] 10-petalied ; 5-outer with 
nectariferous hollows at the base : capsules 5- 
valved. (A fifth part of the carpogenation some- 
times wanting )—(beech-drops, bird’s spr 

* Geranium, Rhexia, Portulacca, Lythrum. 


Rieave : capsule 5-celled, dehiscent at the top 


OrveR If. Dieynta. 


HypraneGea. Calyx 5-toethed, superior : 
eorol 5-petalled : capsule 2-celled, 2-beaked, de- 
hiscent between the beaks. 13, 85—(hydrangea.) 
Vid. Hortensia. 

SaxirraGa. Calyx 5-parted : corel 5-petal- 
led : capsule 1-celled, 2-beaked ; many-seeded. 
13. 84—(saxifrage.) — 

Trarentna. Calyx 5-parted: corol inserted on 
the calyx ; 5-petalled. petais entire : capsule f- 
celled, 2-valved, 1 valve larger. 13. 84—(miter- 
wort.) 

Muiretpta. Calyx 5-cleft: petals 5 on the calyx, 
pinnatifid : capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, valves 
equal. 13. 84—(false sanicle, currant leaf.) 

Dianruus. Calyx inferior, cylindrical, t- 
leafed, with 4 to 8 scales at the base: petals 5 with 
claws : capsule cylindrical, 1-celled, dehiscent at 
the top. 22. 82—(pink, sweet-william.) Exotic. 

SapPponarta. Calyx inferior ; 1-leafed, tubu- 
lar, without scales: petals 5, with claws : cap- 
sule oblong, 1-celled. 22. 82—(seap-wort.) 

ScLERANTHUs. Calyx inferior, 1-leafed : co- 
rol o: seeds 1 or 2, inclosed in the calyx: stam-. 
ens inserted on the calyx. 22. 86—(knawell.) 

* Chrysosplenium. 
_  Orver II. Trieynta. 

ARENARIA. Calyxinferior, spreading, 5 leav-. 
ed : petals 5, entire : capsule 1-celled, many seed-. 
ed. 22. 82—(sandwort.) _ 


sa 


Saal 


*—(wood sorrel.) 


fon 23 


CLASS X. ORDER Y. 59 ; 
STELLARIA. Calyx 5-leaved, inferior, elas | 


ing: petals 5, deeply cleft, mostly to the ¢ 
spreading: capsule ovate, 1-celied, many-seeded, 
6-toothed at the top. 22. g9_~(starwort.) 

Sitenk. Calyx 1-leafed, inferior, conic : pe- 
tals 5, with claws appendaged at the mouth : cap- 
sule imperfectly 3-celled. 22. 82—(catch-fly.) 

Cucusauus. Calyx inferior, 1-leafed, bell- 
form, inflated: petals 5 with claws, not appen- 
daged at the mouth: capsule 3-celled. 22, 82— 
(bladder-campion. ) 

Horrensia. Flowers deformed : florets soli- 
tary : calyx 5-tooihed, minute : cerol 5-petalled. 
The gay flowers composing the cyme, have a large 
coloured, permanent petal-like 5-ieaved calyx, and 
a minute caducous, 4 or + Bienes corol ; stamens 
8, 10 or 1i. 13. 85—(changeable hydrangea.) 
Exotic. 

Oxver V. Penracynta. 


Sepum. Calyx inferior 5-cleft: petals 5: 5 
nectariferous scales at the base of the germ: cap- 
sules 5. 13. 83—(live-forever, or orpine, stone- 
crop.) Exotic. 

PentHoruM. Calyx 5-10-cleft : petals 5or0: 
capsule 5-cuspidate, 5-ceiled. 13. 83—( Virginian 
orpine.) 

Oxatts. Calyx 5-leaved inferior: petals 5, 


cohering by the claws: capsule 5-celled, 5-cor- 
-nered, dehiscent at the et stamens, with 5 
i: 


shorter : outer ones adhering at their bases. 14.73 
SpercuLa. Calyx 5-leaved inferior : petals 5, 
entire: capsule ovate, 1-celled, 5-valved. (Sta- 
mens often 5.) 22.82—(spurry.) [Professor Ives 
considers all the American species of spergula 
and sagina, as a natural assemblage of plants, 
which ought to be united in one gentis.] © 
AGROSTEMMA. Calyx 1-leaved coriaceous : 
petals 5 with claws, border obtuse, entire: cap- 


aule 1-celled, many-seeded, 22, 82—(cockle.) 


60 CLASS XI. ORDERL 


CrerastTium. Calyx 5-leaved: petals 5, 2- 
cleft: capsule 1-celled, dehiscent at top, tooth- — 
like. 22. 82—(mouse-ear chickweed.) ‘ 

Lycunis. Calyx 1-leaved,soblong, smooth : 
petals 5, with claws: the limb somewhat 2-cleft : 
capsule 1 or 5-celled. 22. 82—(campion.) Exo- © 
Mees! | 
* Phytolacca. 


Orper X. Decaaynta. 


Pruytonacca. Calyx o: corol 5-petalled, ca- 
lyx-like. inferior: berry 10-celled, 10-seeded. 
54, 89—(pokeweed.) 


CLASS XI DODECANDRIA. 


Orsper |. Monocynia. 


Asarum. Calyx 3 or 4-cleft, superior: corol 
0: stigma 6-cleit: capsule coriaceous, crowned 
with the calyx. 11.23—(wild ginger, or white 
.  snake-root.) | 
 Hupsonra. Calyx tubular, 3-leaved, inferior: 
-corol 5-petailed : stameus 15: capsule 1-celled, 
3-valved, S-seeded. 18. 51—(false-heath.) 
Porreiacca. Calyx 2-cleft, inferior: corol 
5-petalled ; capsule 1-celled, opening transverse- 
ly : columella 5, filiform. 13. 86—(purslane.) 
Lyrnrum. Calyx 6, 8, 10 or 12-toothed, in- 
ferior : petals 3 or 6 on the calyx: capsule 2-cell- 
ed, many-seeded, covered. 17.. 91—(milk-wil- 
lowherb. ) si 
Decumaria. Calyx 10-leaved, superior: co- 
rol 10-petalled : capsule about 8 or 10-celled, 
seeds numerous. 19. 89—\ decumary. ) , 
Taninum. Calyx inierior, 2 or 5-leaved : co- 
rol 5-petalied : capsule 1-celled, 3-vaived, many 
seeded, seeds arillate: columella giobose—(tail- 
ny.) . 
3 ‘Curnea. Calyx tuabular-ventricose, 6 to_12- 
toothed, unequal: petals 6, mostly unequal, in- 
-Serted on the calyx: capsule 1-celled, dehiscent 


pe 


eee 


Netve gor 


~¥ 
‘Ms rete” 
Hy , : « 
Xn ; ( m 


Mm fy "sy a. 5 


-— 


a 
A 


CLASS MM. ORDER TT. 61 


lon Pe cehy with the calyx ; follicle 3-sided : 
seeds lenticular 


Orver IT. Dieynia. 


Acrimonta. Calyx 5-toothed, invested with 
an outer one : petals 5: seeds 2, in the bottom of 
the calyx. 35. 922— agrimony.) 

* Delphinium. 


Orver IIT. Trieynta. 


Evupnorsia. Calyx 1-leaved, inflated : petals 
4 or 5, standing onthe calyx : capsule 3-grained, 
Flowers not uimbelled. 38. 96—(spurge.) 

Esuta. Calyx 1-feaved, inflated : petals 4 or 
5, Standing on the calyx: capsules 3-seeded : 
flowers more or less umbelled. 38. 96—(¢ Apel’s 
or spunge caper.) Exotic. 

Resepa. Calyx 1-leafed, 4 to 6-parted : petals 
in many divisions : capsule H ‘eetledl dehiscent at 
the top : seed reniform (stamens 11 to 1 5 styles 
5, 5, or none) 54. 64—(:nignoneite, dyer’s woot 


Orper XIII, Potyeynia. 


SEMPERVIVUM. Calyx 9 to 12-parted: petals 
8 to 12: capsules 12, many-seeded. (Stainens 
i6or 20.) 18. 8S—‘house-ieek.) Exotic. 


CLASS Xi. ICOSANDRIA. 
Orper I. BURG NTA. 


Painapetrnvs. Calyx 4-5-parted, superior : 
‘corel 5-petalled : style 4-cleft: capsule 4-5-cell- 
ed, many-seeded ; seed arilled. 19. 89—(faise 
syringa, or mock-orange.) 

Prunus. Calyx 5-cleft, inferior : corol 5-pet- 
alled : nut of the drupe smooth with prominent 
seams at the sutures. 36. 92—(cherry, plum.) 

ARMENIACA. Flowers sessile : : calyx 5-cleft, 


inferior: petais5 : drupe oe pagar nit a 

With one margin acute and fe of yfur- 
rowed both sides. 36. oat aio. ee 
a *e <2 he a 


wr 


Foe 
d 


62 CLASS XI ORDER V. 


- Cacrvus. Calyx superior, 1-leafed, imbricate : 
petals numerous, in many series, the inner ones 
larger ; stigma many-cleft: berry 1-celled, many- 
seeded, navelled. 13. 85—-(pricklyspear.) 

Myrrtus. Calyx superior, 5-cleft: petals 5: 
berry 2 or 3-celled, many-seeded. 19. 89--(myr- 
dle.) Exotic. 

Punica. Calyx 5-cleft, superior: petals 5: 
pome or berry many-celled, many-seeded : recep- 
tacle parietal: seed berried. 36. 92--(pomegran- 
ite.) Exetic. 

Amyepatus. Calyx 5-cleft, inferior: petals 5: 
drupe with a nut perforated with pores: flowers 
sessile. 36.92--(peach.) Exotic, 

* Lythrum. 


From Orver IJ. Dyeixia, to Orper V. Penta- 
GYNIA. 


CratTarcus. Calyx superior, 5-cleft: petals 
5: styles generally 5 or 5: berry mealy: seeds 
2 to5, bony. 56. 92—(thorn-bush.) 

Sorsus. Calyx 5-cleft, superior: petals 5: 
styles 2 to 3: berry pomaceous: seeds 2 or 3 
cartilaginous. 56. 92—(mountain ash.) 

Aronia. Calyx 5-toothed: petals 5: fruit 
pomaceous: berry 5 or 10-celled ; cells 1 or 2- 
seeded ; seeds cartilaginous. 36, 92—(shad-flow- 
er. choake-berry.) 

Mespriivus. Calyx 5-cleft, superior, divisions 
generally foliaceous : corol 5-petalled: styles 2- 
5: drupe or berry with from 2 to 5 bony seeds, 
36. 92—(mediar, or evergreen thorn.) 


OrvER VY. PENTAGYNIA. 
Pyrus. Calyx 5-cleft, superior : corol 5-pet- 
allied: pome 5-celled, many-seeded. 36. 93— 


(pear, apple, quince.) ; 
oe cone Calyx 5-cleft, inferior, spreading : 
corol 5-petalled : capsule 2-valved within, many- 
seede » 36. 92—(steeple bush, or hard-hack.) 


a 24 Arges 
: 


: 


— ~ ae -  T 


CLASS XIII. ORDER I. 63 


MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. Calyx superior, 5- 
eleft : petals numerous, linear cohering at the 
base: capsule fleshy, many-seeded, turbinate. 13. 
87—(ice-plant.) Exotic. 

' Orver XIll. Potyeynia. 


Rosa. Calyx urn-form, 5-cleft, fleshy, con- 
tracted towards the top : petals 5 : seeds numer- 
ous, bristly, fixed to the sides of the calyx within. 
35. 92—(rose. ' 

Rugvus. Calyx 5-cleft, corol 5-petalled : pis- 
tils numerous : berry composed of many juicy, 
1-seeded, acines. 35.92—(raspberry,. blackberry.) 

Daurparpa. Calyx 5-cleit: corel 5-petalled : 
styles long, caducous, 5 to 8; berry composed 
of dry granulations. 35. 92—(dry strawberry.) 

FraGaria. Calyx 10-cleit, 5 alternate divi- 
sions smaller : corol 5-petalled : receptacle ovate, 
berry-like caducous. 35, 92—-(strawberry.) 

Porentitya. Calyx i0-cleft, 5 alternate di- 
visions smaller : corel 5-petalled : seeds awnless, 
roundish, rugose, fixed to a dry smali recepta- 
cle. 35. 92—(five-finger, cinquefoil.) 

Geum. Calyx 10-cleft, 5 alternate divisions 
smaller : corol 5-petalled : seeds with a bent awn: 
receptacle columnar, villous. 35. 92—(avens, or 
herb bennct.) 

Comarum. Calyx 10-cleft, 5-alternate divi- 
sions smaller : petals 5, smaller than the calyx : 
receptacle ovate, spongy, permanent, villous. 35. 
92—(marsh five-finger.) — 

Canycanruus. Calyx 1-leafed, pitcher-shap- 
ed, scurfy, with coloured divisions ; corol none : 
styles many, with glandular stigmas : seeds ma- 
ny. tailed, in the succulent calyx. 35. 92—(Ca- 
rolina allspice.) Southern states. 


CLASS XIII. Pie tae, % 
Orper I. Monogynta., 
CuEeLIDoNIuM. Calyx 2-leayed: corel -pet-. 


' ri ws ~ 
awn &.. 


we 
64 CLASS XIli. ORDER 1. 


alled : silique-like capsule i-celled, linear : 
seeds crested, many. 27. 62—(celandine.) 
AcTaEA. Calyx 4-leaved, caducous: corol 
4-petalled : berry 1-celled : seedsshalf orbicular : 
26. 61—(neck’ace weed, or bane-berry.) : 
Ascyrum. Calyx 4-leaved: 2 interior leafets 
cordate, Jarge : corol 4-petalled : filaments dis- 
posed in 4 parcels: capsule oblong, 1-celled, 2 
valved, inciuded in the calyx leaves. 20. 68— 
(St. Andrew’s cross, or St. Peter’s wort.) 
Cistus. Calyx 5-leaved, 2 of them smaller, 
corel 5-petalled : capsuie 3-valved, opening at 
the top. 20. 80—(rock-rose, frost-plant.) 
SaRRACENTA. Calyx double, 3 and 5-leaved: 
corol 5-petalied ; stigma peltate, covering the 
stamens : capsule 5-celled. 13. 22—(side-saddle 
flower. 
re Calyx 5 or 6-leaved ; corol 6 or 9 pet- 
alled: capsule 3-seeded—(tea.) Exotic. 
Crrrus. - Calyx 5-cleft: petals 5, oblong: 
filaments dilated at the base, in several parcels : 
berry 9 to 18-celle.—. o!yadelphous. 18. 70—(or- 
ange, lemon. (Exotic. ) . 
Paraver. Calyx 2-leaved, caducous: corol 
4-netalled: capsule 1-celled, dehiscent by pores 
uncer the permanent stigma. 27. 62 ppy-) 
Tina. Calyx 5-parted: corol etalled :- 
capsule 5-celled, globular, coriaceous, dehiscent 
at the base, 1-seeded. 37. 79—(bass-wood.) 
Sancurnarisa. Calyx caducous, 2-leaved.: 
corol about 8-petalled: capsule pod-like, ovate, 1- 
celled. 27. 62—(blood-root.) 
PopsPHyLiuM. Calyx 3-leaved : corol about 
9 petalled : berry 1-celled, crowned with the stig- 
ma. 27. 61—(wild mandrake.) 
Capparie. Calyx 4-leaved, coriaceous, cadu- 


cous : petals 4: stamens long: berry coriaceous, — 


-peduncled, 1-celled, globular er pod-like—(ca- 
per-bush.) Exotic. 
Nymepuses. Calyx 4 to 7-leaved, larger than 


% 


CLASS XIII. ORDER V. 65 


the petals : corol many-petalled : stigma marked 
with radiated lines : berry many-celled, many- 
seeded, 13. pra ene tly.) 
Nurnar. Calyx 5 or 6-leaved, petals many 
inserted on the receptacie with the stamens, nec- 
tariferous on their backs: stigma with radiate 
furrows, sessile : berry many-celled, many-seed- 
ed. 13. 22—(water-lily, or yellow poni-lily.) 
ArGEMONE. Calyx 3-leaved : corol 6-petall- 
ed ; capsule semi-valved. 27. 62—(horned pop- 
py) 
From Orper JI. Dicynia, To Orper V. Pen- 
TAGYNIA. 


ForuerGitia. Calyx truncate, entire: co- 
rol o: filaments very long, clavate: germ bifid : 
capsule 2-celled, 2-horned : seed bony, solitary. 
50. 99—(Fothergill’s bush.) 

Paronta. Calyx 5-leaved: petals 5: styles 
0; stigmas 2 or 3: capsules pod-like, many-seed- 
ed. 26. 61-—-(peony.) Exotic. 

Hypericum. Calyx 5-parted, divisions sub- 
ovate : corel 5-petalled : filaments often united at 
the base in 3 or 5 sets: styles 2 to 5: capsules 
roundish with a number of cells equal to the num- 
ber of styles. 20. 68--(St. John’s wort.) 

-Devpainium. Calyx 0: corol 5-petalled, un- 
equal: nectary 2-cleft. horned behind : capsules 
1 or 3, pod-like. 26. 6{1—(arkspur.) Exotic. 

Aconitum. Calyx 0: petals 5, upper one 
vaulted : nectaries 2, hooded, peduncled, recurv- 
ed: capsules 3 or 5, pod-like. 26. 61—(monk’s 
hood.) Exotic. 

Aquinecia. Calyx 0: petals 5: nectaries 5, 
alternating with the petals and ending in horns — 
beneath: capsules 5, distinct. 26. 61—{colum- 


bine.) 


CimiciruGa. Calyx 4-leaved : petals (or ae. 
taries) 4, pitcher-form, cartilagineus : capsules 
4: seeds scaly. (Petals, pistils and calyx-leayesy 
variable.) 26, 6o—(bug a cohosh.) * 

A) 2 ‘ 


66 CLASS XI. ORDER XIII. 


Nigeria. Calyx none ; petals 5: nectaries 

5, three-cleft, within the corel : capsules 5, con- 

vex. 26. 61—(fennel-flower.) Exotic. 

* Reseda, Ascyrum, Caltha, Helleborus, An- 
emone, Hepatica. ” 


Orver XIII. Potyeynra. 


| 

ypRastis. Calyx 0: corol 3-petalled: ber- ; 
ry composed of 1-seeded acines. 26. 61—(orange- ; 
root. ) 3 


Cuematis. Calyx 0: petals, 3, 4, 5, or 6; 
seeds compressed: styles permanent, becoming 
long tails. (Some species are dicecious.) 26. 61— 
(virgin’s bower.) : / 

THaticrrem. Calyx 5: petals 4 or 5: fil- 
aments very long: seeds without tails, striate, 
terete. (Some species are dicecious.) 26. 61— 
(meadow rue.) _ Ls 

Hertezorvus. Calyx0: petals 5 or more: 
nectary 2-lipped, tubular : capsules 5 or 6, many- 
seeded, erectish, compressed. 26, 61—(helle- 
bore.) Exotic. 

Corpris. Calyx 0: petals 5 or 6, caducous : 
nectaries 5 or 6, cowled : capsules 5 to 8, stiped, 
stellate, beaked, many-seeded. 26. 61—(gold- 
thread.) ) 

Cauriua. Calyx 0: petals 5 to9: capsules nu- . 
ynerous, many-seeded : nectaries 0 : (styles va- 
viable in number.) 26. 61—(American cowslip.) 

AneMoNE. Calyx 0: petals 5 to 9: seeds nu- 
merous, naked. 26. 61—(wind-flower, rue ane- 
mone.) . 

Hyprorettis. Calyx 6-leaved somewhat con- 
verging: corol o: capsules oblong, somewhat 
fleshy, numerous, 2-celled, 1 or 2-seeded. 26. 61 
—(water-shield.) 

Heratica. Calyx 3-leaved: petals 6 to9: — 
seeds naked, 26. 61—(liverleaf.) 

Annona. Calyx 3-leaved: corol 6-petalled : 
stigma obtuse: berries 1-celled, many-seeded, 


“CLASS XIV. ORDER L 67 


; 


roundish with a scaly bark. 5247 6—(custard ap- 

» ple.) 

> Porcetia. Calyx 3-leaved: petals 6, inner 
ones largest : germs many : stigmas sessile, ob- 
tuse ; berry (1 or many) cylindric or ovate, ma- 
ny-seeded : seed connected to an internal suture, 
arilled. 52.76—<(custard apple ) Southern states, 

LirtopenDRON. Calyx 3-leaved : corol 6 or 
9-petalled, liliaceous : seeds in a samara, imbri- 
cate on a stroblie-like spike. 52. 75— tulip tree, 
or white wood.) 

Maenonra. Calyx S-leaved: corol 6 to 9-pe- 
talled : capsules numerous, imbricate on a stro- 
bile-like spike, 2 valved: seeds berried, pendu- 
lous. 52. 75—(magnolia, or beaver tree.) 

Nexnumpium. Calyx 4 or 5-leaved: petals 5 
or more: nuts half immersed in a truncate recep- 
tacle, and crowned with the permanent style. 
26. 61—(nelumbo,) 

RanuncuLvs. “Calyx 5-leaved : petals 5, with 
claws and a nectariferous pore or scale on the in- 
side of each: seeds numerous. 26. 61—(crow- 
foot.) 

Trottivs. Calyx 0: petals from 5 to 14: 
-capsules many, ovate, many-seeded. 26. 61— 
globe-flower.) 

ATRAGENE. Calyx 2 or 4-leaved, sometimes 
involucred : petals numerous, outer ones largest : 
seeds tailed. 26. 61—(atragene.) 

Apontis. Calyx 4-5-leaved: petals 5 ormore, 
without nectariferous pores: seeds awnless, 26, 
61—(pheasant’s eye.) Exotic. 


CLASS XIV. DIDYNAMIA. 

Orper I. Gymnospermrs. 
A. Calyxes 5-parted with the divisions or teeth 
nearly equal. ae: 
Tevcrium. Corol deep-clett on the upper side 
and without an dpper lip; lower lip 3-clett, the 


aw - 
"1 is. 1 


68 CLASS XIV. ORDER L 


middle division rounded : stamens and pistils in. 


curved, stamens exsert. 42. 39-—(wood-sage, or 
wild germander.) 

Isanruus. Calyx bell-form,: corol 5-parted, 
tube strait, narrow ; divisions ovate equal: sta- 
mens nearly equal: stigma linear, recurved. 42. 
39—(blue gentian.) ; 

Versena. Corol funnel form with a curved 
tube, border 5-cleft nearly equal : calyx 5-cleft : 
seeds 2 or 4: sometimes but 2 stamens or 2 bar- 
ren ones. 42, 39—(vervain.) 


Lavanputa. Calyx ovate subdentate, bracts 


under-studded : corol resupinate : stamens in the 
tube. 42. 39—(lavander.) Exotic. 

Lamium. Corol with the upper lip entire, 
vaulted ; under lip 2-lobed ; throat with a tooth at 
each margin. 42. 39—(dead nettle.) 

Bracuystemum. Corol with the.upper lip 
sub-emarginate, lower lip obtusely 3-lobed : fila- 
ments very short nearly equal : seed oblong-cy- 
lindric. 42. 39—(Virginian thyme.) 

Pycnantuemum. Involucre bract-like, ma- 
ny-leaved, under small heads of flowers: calyx 
tubular, striate : corol with the upper Hp sub-en- 
tire, lower lip 3-cleft : stamens nearly equal. 42. 
39—(wild basil, or mountain mint.) 

Nerera. Calyx dry: striated: corol witha 
longish tube, under lip with the middle division 
crenate, throat with a reflected margin : stamens 
approximate. 42, 3$9—(catmint.) 

liyssorus. Corol with the under lip 3-parted, 
its intermediate division sub-crenate : stamens 
strait, distant. 42. 39—(hyssop.) 

Mentrua. Corol nearly equal, 4-cleft : broad- 
est division emarginate : stamens erect, distant. 
42, 39—(spear mint, pepper mint.) 

Sracuys. Corol with the upper lip vaulted, 
the lower lip reflexed at the sides, the middle di- 
vision largest, emarginate : stamens reflexed to- 
wards the sides after discharging the pollen. 42, 

$9—. false horehound.) 


; 
: 


CLASS XIV. ORDERE 68 


Gareorsis, Calyx with the upper lip subcre- 
nate, arched: lower lip 2-toothed above. 42. 39 
(flowering nettle.) 

Saruresa. Calyx tubular, striate: corol with 
divisions nearly equal: stamens distant. 42. 39 


ra, ph hy 
rronica. Calyx awned : corol with the up- 

r lip ascending, flattish, tube somewhat cylin- 

ric. 42. 39—(betony, shell-flower.) Exctic. 

Lzonurvus. Calyx 5-angled, 5-toothed, coro! 
with the upper lip villose, flat entire ; lower lip 
3-parted, middle division undivided. 42. 39— 
(motherwort.) 

Marrusium. Calyx salver-form, rigid, mark- 
ed with 10 lines : corol with the upper lip 2-cle‘t, 
linear, strait, 42. $9—(horehound.) 

Batiora, Calyx salver-form, 5-toethed, 10- 
striate: corol with the upper lip concave, cre- 
nate : seed ovate, 3-sided. 42. 39—/(false moth- 
erwo't. ) 

CuniLta. Calyx cylindric, 5-toothed, threat 
villose, coro! ringent ; upper lip erect. flat, enar- 
ginate: 2 of the stamens usua:ly barren. 42. 39 
—dittany.) 

Hizrproma. Calyx 2-lipped, gibbose at the 
base: corolringent : 2 of the stamens barren. 42. 
39—(penny-royal.) 

Gieocnoma. Calyx 5-cleft: each pair of an- 
thers approaching so as to exhibit the form ofa 
cross. 42. $9—(groeund-ivy, gill-overgreund.) 


B. Calyxes 2-lipped. 


Meuissa. Calyx dry, flattish above, with the 
upper lip sub-fastigiate : corol with the upper lip 
somewhat vaulted, 2-cleft; lower lip with the 
middle lobe cordate. 42. 39—(dalm.) 

Tricnostema. Corol with the upper ap fal- 
cate : the under lip $-parted with the middie di- 
vision small, oblong : tilaments very long-exsert. 
42, 39—(blue-curls. ) 


* 


ae 


70 CLASS XIV. ORDER IL 


é 


DRAcocEPHALUM. Corol with the throat in- 


flated ; the ta lip concave, the middle division 

of the lower fi 

gon-head.) 
Ocymum. Calyx with the upper lip orbiculate, 


ip roundish, notched, 42. 40—(dra-_ 


the lower one 4-cleft: corol resupinate ; one lip— 


4-cleft, the other undivided : outer filaments 
sending out a process from the base. 42. 39— 
(sweet-basil.) Exotic. 

SCUTELLARIA. Calyx with an entire mouth, 
which is closed with a lid after the corel falls out : 
tube cf corol bent. 42. 39—(skull-cap,) 


: 


Gricanum. Calyxes collected intoa 4-sided_ 


strobile-like cone, with broad intervening bracts : 
corol with the upper lip erect, flat: under lip 3- 
parted, divisions nearly equal. 42. 39—(marjo- 
ram.) 

Tuymeus. Calyx with the throat closed with 
hairs : corol with the upper lip flat, emarginate ; 
lower lip longer. 42. 39—-(thyme.) Exotic. 

Cxirnteopium. Involucre many-bristled, bract- 
like, under the whorl: perianth 2-lipped: corol 
with the upper lip flat, obcordate, strait. 42. 39 
—(field-thy me.) 

Prune ia. Calyx with the upper lip dilated : 
filaments 2-forked with an anther on one ofthe 
points : stigma 2-cleft. 42. 39—(self-heal, or heal 
all.) 

Puryma. Calyx 5-toothed; seed _ single. 
(The under lip of calyx shorter, 2-toothed.) 40. 
39—(lopseed.) . 


Orper II. ANncGIOSPERMIA. 
A. Calyxes 2-cleft, or 2-leaved. 


Onoraria. Corol 4-cleft, bell-form : capsule 
1-celled, 2-valved, many seeded: stamens from 
the divisions of the coro]. [Persoon says the calyx 
is 5-cleft—Muhlenburgh says it is 2-leaved.] 40. 
35—(penny-wort.) 


aa 


“CLASS XLV. ORDER IL ry 


B. Calyxes 4-cleft. 
~ Oropancne. Calyx of 2-lobed lateral leafets : 
corol ringent : capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many- 
seeded: glands under the base of the germ. 40. 
—$5—(cancer-root, false beech-drops.) 

Bartsia. Calyx lobed, emarginate, colour- 
ed: corol less than calyx ; upper lip longest : 
capsule 2-celled ; seed angled. 40. 35—(paint- 
ed cup.) 

Ruinantuus. Calyx inflated: corol ringent : 
the sepa lip mostly compressed, the under lip 
spread S-parted : gare 2-celled, obtuse, com- 
pressed. 40. 35—(yellow-cockscomb.) 

Eurnrasra. Calyx cylindric : corol 2-lipped ; 
upper lip 2-cleft. lower lip 3-lobed, with the di- 
visions 2-cleft : lower anthers lobed spinose. 40. 
35—(eye-bright.) 

Meramryrum. Corol with the upper lip com- 
pressed, the margin folded back : capsule 2-ceil- 
ed, oblique, dehiscent on one side: seeds 2, gib- 
bous. 40. 55—-(cow-wheat. ) 

Scuwartspea. Calyx tubular-inflated ; upper 
division sinall, lower division large emarginate : 
corol ringent : capsule ovate. compressed, 2-cell- 
ed, 2-valved with a double partition : seeds ma- 
ny, chaffy. 40. 40—(chaff-seed. ) 


C. Calyxes 5-cleft or 5-leaved. 


Limosetta. Calyx 5-cleft : corol 5-cleft, 
equal : stamens approaching each other by pairs : 
capsule i-celled, 2-valved, many seeded. 40. 40 
—(mudwort.) 

Zavranta. Flowers capitate : calyx 5-toothed : 
corol 5-cleft: stigma head-peltate, oblique : peri- 
Soak bladder-like, vanishing, connecting the two 
seeds. 40. 40— fog-fruit.) 

Browatuia. Calyx 5-toothed : corol with a 
closed navel: anthers 2, large : capsule 7 
40. 40. Exotic. 

Scropuutaria. Calyx 5-cleft : corol 
globose resupinate, middle division of lower lip _ 

- ‘ a 
oe i. 
D2 SET WS Lee 


2) CLASS XIV. ORDER IL. 


reflexed : capsule 2-celled. 40. 40--(figwort. 

Erninus. Calyx 5-leaved: corol with the lim 
equally 5-cleft, lobes emarginate ; upper lip very 
short, reflexed : capsule 2-celled. 40. 35—(eri- 
nus.) : 

Brenonra. Calyx 5-cleft cup-form : corol 
with the throat beil-form, 5-cleft. ventricose be- 
neath : capsule silique-like, 2-celled : seed mem- 
brane-winged. 40. 45—(trumpet-flower. ) 

Ruewuia. Calyx 5-parted, often 2-bracted : 
coro] somewhat bell-forin, limb 5-lobed : stamens 
conjugate : capsule tapering te both ends, teoth- 
ed, clastically dehiscent: seeds few. 40. 36-—- 
(ruel.) 

Bucunera. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed : co- 
rol with the limb in 5 equal divisions, the lobes 
cordate : capsule 2-celled. 40. 34—(blue hearts.) 

Antirriinum. Ualyx 5-leaved or deeply 5- 
partied, the two lower divisions remote: corol 
ringent, spurred or with a prominent base, the 
gape closed with a prominent palate : capsuie ov- 
ate, 2-valved, dehiscent at the apex, 40. 40--(snap- 
dragon, toad-flax.) 

Gerarpia. Calyx 5-cleft: corol 2-lipped ; 
lower lip S-parted with emarginate lobes, middle 
one 2-paried: capsule 3-celled, dehiscent at the 
base. 40. 40—(false-foxglove;) 

Dicirauis. Calyx 5-parted : corol beil-form, 
ventricose, 5-cleft: capsule ovate, 2-celled.— 
(Flowers racemed.) 49. 40—(foxglove.) 

Pepicutaris. Calyx 5-ciett or obliquely tran- 
cate: corol ringent: capsule 2-celled, mucron- 
ate, oblique : seeds numerous, coated. (Leaves 
many-cleft.) 40. 35—(lousewort, high heai-ali.) 

Mimvutus. Calyx prismatic, 5-toothed: corol 
ringent, upper lip folded back upen its sides: 
stigma thick: capsule 2-celled, many-seeded. 
40. 45—(monkey-iiower.) 

«neLONE. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-leaved: corol 
ringeat inflated ; the upper lip emargimate ob- 
tuse, under lip slightly 3-cleft ; the radiment of 


CLASS XV. ORDER I. 73 


a smooth filament between the two tallest sta- 
mens : capsule 2-celled. 40. 45—(snake-head.) 

Prenrstremon. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-leaved : corol 
vingent, inflated ; the rudiment of a bearded fila- 
ment between the two tallest stamens : capsule 2- 
celled. (Taken from the last genus.) 40. 35— 
(beard-tongue.) 

Martynia. Calyx 5-cleft: corol ringent al- 
most bellform: capsule woody and barked, with 
a hooked beak ; 4-celled, 2-valved. 40. 42—(uni- 
eorn-plant.) 

* Linnea, Verbena. 


CLASS XV. TETRADYNAMIA. 
OrverR I, Sriicurosa, 


All plants of this class have flowers with 4- 
leaved calyxes and cruciform corols. 


A. Silicle without a notch at the end. 


Myacrum. Silicle suberose, valveless ; the cells 
fertile and barren, mutually or alternately placed 
over each other: cotyledons flat. 39. 63— false 
scurvy-grass.) 

& Drapa. Silicle oval-oblong, valves flattish, 
arallel to the partition : style none. 39. 63—-(whit- 
oW-grass. ) , 
Luvaria. Silicle entire, oval, flat-compressed, 
edicelied ; valves equalling the partition, paral- 
el, flat: calyx consists of coloured sack-like 
‘ leafets. 89, 63—(honesty, or satin-flower.) Ex- 
. otic. 
- Buwyias. Silicle somewhat 4-sided, not open- 
ing by valves, caducous; 2 or 4-celled, wrinkled, 
39. 63—(sea-rocket.) 

Isaris. Silicle compressed, oblong, ligulate, 
valyeless, 1-seeded : partition like lattice work. 
39, 63—(woad.) Exotic. 


B. Silicle with a notch atthe end. 
ALYSSUM. pee of the 2 shorter stamens 


74 CLASS XV. ORDER, 


marked -with a tooth : silicle emarginate, often 
hairy. 39. 65—(madwort, gold of pleasure.) _ 

Cocuiearia. Silicle thick, rugose, many- 
seeded, 2-valved ; the valves gibbous obtuse. 39. 
63—(scurvy-grass, horse-radish.) | 

Iseris. Corol irregular, the two exterior pet- 
als are longest: silicle emarginate, many-seed- 
ed, 39. 63—(candy tuft.) Exotic. 

Leripium. Calyx spreading: corol regular : 
silicle emarginate, cordate, many-seeded : valves 
carinate, partition contrary. 39. 63—(pepper- 
sYass.) 

Tuxrasri. Calyx spreading : silicle emargin- 
ate. obcordate, many-seeded ; valves resemble 2 
boats with the keeis outward. 39. 63—(shep- 
herd’s-purse. ) 

* Sisymbium. 


Orver If. Srrrevosa. ? 


A. Calyx leaves converging or closed upon the 
corals, when the flowers are mature. 


Arasis. Glands 4, one within each leafet of 
the calyx, of the size of the reflected scale: si- 
lique compressed, torulose, subdivaricate. 39, 63 
-—(wall-cress. ) ! 

Turritis. Calyx converging, erect: corol 
erect : silique very long, angied, striate. $9. 6s— 
(tower-mustard.) 

Dewnranra. Calyx longitudinally converging ; 
silique bursting elastically with revolute valves : 
the partition thick and fungus-like : stigma em- 
arginate. (Roots always tieshy with tooth-like 
processes.) 39. 63—(tooth-root, trickle-root. ) 

Hesrenis. Calyx closed, shorter than the 
claws of the petals : petals, when bent obliquely, 
are linear or obovate : silique sub-terete : stig- 
mas forked, with converging apexes. 39, 65— 
(Qrocket.) 

Erysimum. Calyx closed ; silique columnar, 
exactly 4-sided, 39, 63—(hedge-mustard.) 


CLASS XVI. ORDER III. 75 


Brassica. Calyx erect, converging: partition 
extending beyond the valves of the silique: seed 
globose : glands between the short stamens and 
pistil, and between the long stamens and calyx, 
39. 63—(cabbage, turnip.) Exotic. 

Rarnanus. Calyx closed, setose ; silique to- 
rose, somewhat jointed, terete, not opening by 
valves, 1 or 2-celled: glands between the short 
stamens and pistil, and between the long stamens 
and calyx. $9. 63—(radish. ) 

Cuerrantuus. Calyx closed, two of the leaf- 
ets gibbous at the base : petals dilated : silique 
when young with a glandular tooth each side: 
stigma 2-lobed: seed flat. 39. 63—(stock-july- 
flower, wall-flower.) Exotic. 


B. Calyx-leaves spread, not lying closed upon the 
corol when the flowers are mature. 


Carpamine. Calyx leaves spreading but lit- 
tle: stigma entire: a single gland between each 
of the short stamens and the calyx: silique long 
bursting elastically with revolute valves. 39. 63— 
{American water-cress. ) 

Sisymprium. Calyx and corol spreading: si- 
lique bursting, with a short terete beak, valves 
straitish. 39. 65—(English water-cress, water-ra- 


Sitnaris. Calyx spreading: corol with strait 
claws: glands between the short stamens and pis- 
til, and between the long stamens and calyx: par- | 
tition extending beyond the valves of the silique, 
ensiform. 39. 63—(mustard.) 


CLASS XVJ. MONADELPHIA. 


Orper III. Trianpria. 


Sisyrincnium. Spathe 2-leaved: perianth 0: 
corol superior, 6-cleft, tubular: style 1: capsule 
3-celled. 6. 18—(blue-eyed grass.) 


ms 
cop) 


CLASS XVI. ORDER XIiL. 


Orpen V. Penranpria. 


Passirtora, Calyx 5-parted. coloured: coro! 
S-petailed, on the calyx: negtary, a triple fila- 
inentous crown within the petals : berry pedicell- 
ed. 34. 97—(passion flower.) Southern states. 

' Erovium. Calyx 5-leaved : corol 5-petalled : 
nectariferous scales 5-alternating with the fila- 
ments: arils 5, 1-seeded, awned, beaked at the 
base of the receptacle ; awn spiral, bearded with- 
a jena. from the geranium.) 14. 73—(stork’s 
ill. 
* Lysimachia, Linum, Anagallis. 


Orper VII. Hepranpria. 


Perarconium. Calyx 5-parted, upper divi- 
sion_ broader, ending in a capillary nectariferous 
tube : corol 5-petalled, irregular, the two upper 
petals usually broader, with coloured veins : Ha. 
ments 10, three of them usually without anthers : 
arils 5, each 1-seeded, awned, some of the awns 
spiral. 14. 73—(stork geranium.) Exotic. 


Orpver X. Decanpria. 


_ Geranium. Calyx 5-leaved : corol 5-petalled, 
regular: nectariferous glands 5, adhering to the 
base of the long filaments : arils 5, 1-seeded, awn- 
ed, beaked at the head of the receptacle : awn 
naked, strait. 14. 73—(cranebill, false crowfoot, 
herb-robert.) 

Mimosa. Calyx 5-toothed: corol 5-cleft, 5- 
petalled, or 0 : stamens capillary, very long, 4 to 
10 or more, sometimes not united: legume some- 
times jointed. 33. 93—(sensitive plant.) 


Orper XIII. Poryanprra. 


Gorponra. Calyx simple, 5-leaved or 5-part- 
ed : corol 5-petalled adhering at the base : style 
5-cornered, stigma 5-cleft: capsule 5-celled : co- 
lumella columnar: seeds 2 with leaf-like wings. 
37. 74——(leaf-seed.) 


CLASS XVIf. ORDER V. 70 VIII. 77 


Napara. Calyx beliform, 5-cleft, simple : 
petals 5: capsule orbicular, depressed, 10-celled : 
seed solitary. (Pedicels not jointed.) 37. 74. 

Sipa. Calyx simple, angular, 5-cleft : style 
many-parted : capsules many, 1 or 3-seeded. (Pe- 
dicel articulated under the apex.) 37. 74—(In- 
dian-mailows.) 

Hisiscus, Calyx double, outer one many-leav- 
ed, inner one about 5-cleft: stigmas 5: capsule 5 
or 10-celled, many-seeded. 37. 74—(hibiscus, 
okra.) 

Matva. Calyx double, outer one 3-leaved, in- 
ner one 5-cleft : capsules many, 1-seeded, 37, 74 
—(mallows.) 

Auruara, Calyx double, outer onc 6 or 9- 
cleft: capsules many, 1-seeded. 37. 74--(holly- 
hock.) Exotic. 

Lavarera. Calyx double, outer one S-cleft : 
capsules many, many seeded. 37. 74—-(tree mal- 
lows.) Exotic. 

Gossyrium. Calyx double, outer one 3-cleft : 
capsule 4-celled, seeds involved in wool. 37. 74 
—(cotton.) Exotic. 


CLASS XVII DIADELPHIA. 


From Orper V. Pentanpria, TO Orver VU. 
OcTANDRIA. 


Petatostemon. Petals 4, with the stamens 
inserted between them, both united together in a 
fissure: banner none, and in its place is a fiith 
petal : legume covered with the calyx, 1-seeded. 
32, 93—(split flower.) 

Foumaria. Calyx 2-leaved, caducous: corol 
irregular, spurred at the base: filaments 2, cach 
with 3 anthers : capsule drupe-like, 1-celle', 1- 
seeded, not opening by valves ; seed atiixed to the 
side of the cell. 24, Po an fy | 

ix 2 


73 CLASS XVIL ORDER x. 


Corypatts. Calyx 2-leaved : corol ringent, f 
or 2-spurred : filaments 2, membranaceous, each 
with 3 anthers : capsule siliqueJike, many seed- 
ed. 24. 62—(colic weed.) 

PotycaLa. Calyx 5-leaved, unequal, 2 of the 
leafets wing-like, larger, coloured : corol irreg- 
ular (or rather, calyx 3-leaved, corel ee 
ly papilionaceous) capsule obcordate, 2-celled, 2- 
es Keel of corol sometimes appendaged. 
33, 35—-(snake-root, milk-wort, low centaury.) 


Orper X. Dercanpria. 


A. Stamens united in one set, 


Amorpua. Calyx bellform, 4 or 5-cleft : ban- 
ner ovate, concave, wings and keel0: legume 2- 
seeded, falcate. 32. 93——(false indigo.) 

Lurinus. Corol 2-lipped : anthers, 5 oblong 
and 5 roundish: legume coriaceous, torulose. 32. 
93——(iupine. ) 

CroroLtaria. Corol with the bamer cordate, 
large: keel acuminate : filaments connate, with 
a dorsal fissure : style curved: legume pedicell- 
ed, turgid. 32. 93—(rattle box.) 
| Spartium. Calyx extended downwards : kee} 
generally pendant : filamenis adhering to the 
germ: stigma villose lengthwise on the upper 
side : legume oblong, 1 or many-seeded. 32, 93— 
(Spanish broom.) Exotic. — R 
' Genista. Calyx 2-lipped, 2 upper teeth very 
short : banner oblong, refiexed back from the pis- 
til and stamens. 32. 93—(kneed-grass.) 

_Aracuis. Calyx 2-lipped : corol upside down 
legume gibbous, torulose, veiny, coriaceous. 32. 
93——(pea-nut.) 

Uxex. Calyx 2-leaved, 2-bracted: stamens 
all united : legume scarcely longer than the ca- 
lyx, spinose. 32. 95—(furze.) Exotic. 


CLASS XVII. ORDER X, 79 


B. Stamens in 2 sets ; generally 9 in one set, and 
1 alone in the other. 


1. Legume many-seeded, stigma pubescent. 


Pisum. Calyx with the divisions leaf-like, 
about equal: banner protruding 2 folds: style 
compressed, carinate, villose above : legume with- 
out down at the suture. 32. 93—(pea. 

Larnyrvus. Calyx with the two upper divis- 
ions shorter: style flat, villose above, broader 
towards the top. (Stem mostly winged, leafets 2 
or more, terminated by a divided tendril.) 32.93 
—(sweet pea.) 

Vicra. Calyx emarginate above, 2-toothed ; 
3 strait long teeth below: banner emarginate : 
stigma bearded transversely on the lower side, 
$2. 93—(vetch.) 

PuHasrotvs. Keel, stamens and style spirai- 
ly twisted together. 32. 93—(bean.) 
~ Doxtcnos. Banner with two oblong parallel 
processes at the base, compressing the wings be- 
neath them. 32. 93—-(cowhage.) 

Rogprnta. Calyx 4-cleft, upper division 2- 
parted: banner large, reflexed, roundish : leg- 
ume gibbous, elongated. 32. 93—-(locust tree.) 
~ Coturea. Calyx 5-cleft: legume inflated, 
epening on the upper suture at the base. 32. 93 
(bladder senna, bush locust.) Exotic. 

Guycyrrniza, or Ligurritia. Calyx tubu- 
lar, equal, 5-parted: banner erect, reflexed at the 
sides ; wings spreading ; keel 2-cleft : legume ob- 
’ long, glabrous, 3 or 4-seeded. (Flowers racem- 
at 32. 93—(liquorice.) Exotic. 

NDIGOFERA. Calyx spreading: keel with a 
subulate spur both sides: legume linear, small, 
terete or quadrangular. 32. 93—-(indigo.) Ex- 
otic. 

Scorpriurvs. Calyx 5-cleft : corol carinate 2- 
eleft below : loments with cells separated by isth- 
muses, revolute, furrowed, 32, 93--(catepillars.) 
Exotic. 


80 CLASS XVII. ORDER X. 


2, Legume many-seeded, stigma without pubes- 
cence. 


VEXILLARIA.* Banner very large, spreading, 
overshadowing the wings : calyx bellform or tu- 
bular : legume linear, very long, acuminate. 32. 
93—(butterfly-weed. ) | | 

GatacTia. Calyx 4-toothed, 2-bracted : petals 
all oblong, banner broader incumbent : stigma ob- 
tuse: legume terete : seeds roundish. 32, 93— 
(milk-way plant.) 

GiyctneE. Calyx 2-lipped, the tooth of the 
lower lip longest : the end of the keel curling up- 
wards, and in appearance pushing back the ban- 
ner: style incurved with the keel: ees oblong 
compressed. 32. 93—(wild bean, wild liquorice, 
ground-nut.) 

Gateca. Calyx with subulate teeth nearly 
equa] : legume torulose, teretish. (Very glab- 
rous pinnate leaves.) 32. 93—(goat’s rue.) 


3. Legumes few-seeded. 


Mepticaco. The keel deflected from the di- 
rection of the banner : legume compressed, coch- 
leate. 32. 93—(lucerne clover, medick.) 
.Triconetta. Banner and wings nearly e- 
qual, spreading, appearing like a 3-petalled co- 
rol: legume bowed, rugose-veiny. 32. 93—(fenu- 
greek.) Exotic. 

AsTraGatus. Calyx 5-toothed : keel obtuse : 
lezume somewhat 2-celled, incurved at the suture 
below, $2. 93—(milk vetch.) | 

4. Legumes about 1-seeded. 


TriFoLium. Flowers sub-capitate : legume in- 
cluded in the calyx, not opening by valves, 1 to 4- 
seeded. (Leaves always ternate.) 32. 93—(clo- 
ver.) ; 

* This name is given as a substitute for that of the 1712th 
genus of Persoon, which is so severely censured by Doctor 
Smith, in Rees’ Cyclopedia. 


CLASS XVIII. ORDER I. 8} 


. Meuirorus. Flowers racemed: calyx tubu- 
lar, 5-toothed: keel simple, shorter than the 
wings and banner: legume rugose, longer than 
the calyx. (Taken from the trifolium.) 32. 93— 
(nelilot clover.) 

Lesreprza. Calyx 5-parted, divisions near- 
Jy equal : keel of the corol transversely obtuse : 
legume lens-form, unarmed, 1-seeded. (Leaves al- 
ways ternate. Taken from the hedysarum.) $2. 
93—(bush clover.) 


5. Legumes jointed, or in loments. 


Hepysarum. Calyx 5-cleft: keel of corol 
transversely obtuse : loment many-jointed, joints 
1-seeded, compressed, generally hispid. (Most, 
or all the species in the northern states have ter- 
nate leaves.) 32. 93—(bush-trefoil.) 

Srytosantues, Calyx tubular, very long, 
bearing the corol which originates higher than 
the top of the germ : loment two jointed, hooked. 
(Sometimes the pod is in a single joint.) 39. 93-- 
(pencil-flower.) 
~ AgscuynoMENE. Calyx 2-lipped : loment com- 
pressed, one suture strait, another lobed ; joints 
truncate, 1-seeded. 32. 95—(false sensitive plant.) 


-POLYADELPHOUS PLANTS. 


The genera Ascyrum and Hypericum were 
placed in the class polyadelphia by Linneus, and 
are still retained in that class by many authors. 
We, following Persoon’s method, have removed 
them to the class polyandria, and left the class po- 
kyadelphia out of the system. 


CLASS XVIlf. SYNGENESIA. 


Orper I. Porycamra ASQuaLis. 


A. Florets ligulate. 
Tracorocon, Calyx simple, many-leaved : 


82 CLASS XVIIT. ORDER IL. 


receptacle naked: egret plumose. and stiped.; 
45. 53—(goats’s beard, vegetable oyster.) 

Scorzonera. Calyx imbricate, scales scari- 
ous at the margin : receptacle naked : egret plu- 
mose, substiped. 49. 55. (viper’s grass.) South- 
ern states. ws 

Apareia. Calyx imbricate: receptacle nak- 
ed: egret plumose, sessile. (Taken from the 
leontodon.) 49. 53—(false hawkweed.) 

Lzonropon. Calyx double: receptacie na- 
_ked: egret plumose, stiped. 49. 53—(dandelion.) 

PrenantuHEs. Filorets in a simple series (or 

in one circular row :) calyx calycled : recepta- 
cle naked : egret simple, sub-sessile. 49. 53— 
(white lettuce. ) 
- Lactruca. Calyx imbricate, cylindric, with 
the margin membranaceous : receptacle naked : 
egret ‘simple, stiped : seed smooth. 49. 63—/(let- 
tuce.) 

Hreracium. Calyx imbricate, ovate ; egret 
simple, sessile : receptacle naked or sub-pilese.— 
(From white becoming yellowish.) 49. 53— 
(hawkweed.) ; 

Soxcuus. Calyx imbricate inflated: egret pi- 
lose, sessile: receptacle naked. 49. 53—(swine- 
thistle.) 

Cynara. Receptacle bristly: ealyx dilated, 
imbricate ; scales with fleshy base, emarginate, 
pointed : egret plumose, sessile. 49. 54—(garden 
artichoke.) Exotic. 

Hyoszris. Calyx sub-globular, calycled, the 
exterior very small : receptacle naked ; egret un- 
equal, outer simple pilose, inner membranaceous: 
seed near the margin often involved in the scales 
of the calyx. 49. 53—-(swine lettuce.) 


+ Pull off the corol, stamens and styles ; whatever is left 
on the germ is the egret. In some flowers the stipe to sti- 
ped egret will not appear before full maturity. Pull off all 
the germs ; if nothing is left, the receptacle is naked. But 
whatever is left belongs to the receptacle, and gives it the 
character of chaffy, hairy or bristly. 


CLASS XVIII. ORDER I. 83 


_Picris. Calyx calyculated : receptacle nak- 
ed: egret plumose, stiped: seed transversely 
striate. 49. 55—(oxtongue.) 

Krioia. Calyx simple, many-leaved : egret 5 
membranous leaves with 5 alternating bristles: 
receptacle naked. 49. 53--ddwenpf-ilandélion,) 

Toxris. Calyx caliculated ; scales lax, subu- 
late, a little longer than the calyx : receptacle 
pitted : egret setose, with margin dentate. 49. 55 
—(hawksbeard.) Exotic. 

Cicuornrum. Calyx calycled: egret many 
chaffy leaves : receptacles somewhat chaffy. 49. 
63—(succory or endive.) 

Scorymus. Calyx imbricate, spinose, surround- 
ed with spinose leafets: receptacle chaffy : egret 
none. 49. 55—(golden-thistle.) Exotic. 


B. Florets tubulous ; flowers capitate. 


Lrarris. Calyx imbricate, oblong : egret plu- 
mose coloured : receptacle naked. (Flowers pur- 
ple.) 49. 54—(gay feather.) 

Vernonia. Calyx imbricate, ovate ; egret dou- 
ble, exterior chaffy and short, interior capillary : 
receptacle naked: stigma 2-cleft, shortish. 49. 55 
—(fiat-top.) 

Cyicus. Calyx imbricate, with prickly scales : 
receptacle villose : egret plumose. (‘Taken from 
the carduus.) 49. 54—(thistle.) 

Cartuamus. Calyx ovate, imbricate with 
- scales, ovatish-leafy at apex: egret chaff-hairy 
or none: receptacle chaff-bristly. 49. 54—/(false- 
’ saffron.) Exotic. 

Onororpon. Calyx imbricate with sharp-mu- 
cronate scales: egret pilose, caducous : recepta- 
cle alveolate : seed transversely sulcate. 49. 54— 
(cotton thistle.) 

Carvuvus. Calyx ovate, imbricate with prick- 
ly scales : receptacle villose ; egret pilose. 49. 54 
—(comb-tooth thistle. ; 

Axrctium. Calyx globose, with scales hooked 


ee ae ? 


- $4 CLASS XVIII. ORDER Ii. 


at apex : egret chaff-bristly : receptacle chaffy. 
49, 54—(burdock.) | 

Sparcanopuorus. Calyx sub-globose, imbri- 
eate with unequal scales recurve-spreading at the 
tips : receptacle naked : seed with the cup-like 
erown subcartilagenous. 49. 55—(crown-cup.) ~ 

C. Florets tubulous ; flowers discoid. 

Bivens. Calyx calycled, nearly equal ; 
sometimes the flower is furnished with ene or two 
radiate florets : receptacie chaffy, flat: egret 2, 
3 or 4 awns with reflexed and erect lateral pric- 
kles: seed 4-cornered. 49. 55—(burr-marigold, 
beggar ticks.) 

Kuunia. Calyx imbricate, cylindrical : egret 
piumose, sessile: receptacle naked. 49. 55—(false 
boneset. ) 

Evupatortum. Calyx inbricated (rarely sim- 
ple) oblong: style long, cloven half way down: 
egret pilose or rough papillose: receptacle naked. 
49, 55—(boneset, thoroughwort, joe pye.) 

Eravuria. Calyx equal, subglobose, subsquar- 
rose : florets deformed ; those of the disk 5-cleft, 
those of the ray subulate and some only pistil- 
jate : receptacle naked: egret none. 49. 55— 
(floating daisy.) - 

Mixanta. Calyx 4 or 6-leaved, equal; 4 or 6- 
fiowered ; receptacle naked : egret pilose. 49. 
55—(climbing boneset.) 

Cacatia. Calyx cylindric, oblong ; some- 
what calycled at the base: receptacle naked : 
egret pilose. (Leaves mostly succulent.) 49- 55 
(wild caraway.) 

Batsamita. Calyx imbricate, orbicular : 
receptacie naked : egret none. 49. 55—(costma- 
ry.) Exotic. © | 

Orper I]. Potyeamra SuPERFLUA. 
A. Flowers discoid. 


Baccuaris. Calyx, scales ovate subcoriace- 
ous imbricate, cylindric, bellform or ovate : flo- 


CLASS XVIII. ORDER II. 85 


rets are pistillate and perfect intermixed : recep- 
tacle naked : egret pilose. (Sometimes the flow- 
ers are diwcious ) 49. 55—(grounsel tree.) 

Conyza. Calyx imbricate with scales sublin- 
ear ovate : or hemispheric and sub-scarious: egret 
simple, capillary : receptacle naked. Florets of 
the ray with a 3-cleft border, not composing a ray 
in appearance. 49. 55—(plowman’s wort. ) 

GnapuHaLium. Calyx imbricate, with the 
marginal scales rounded, scarious, shortish, glos- 
sy. coloured : receptacle naked : egret pilose or 
jlumose. (Florets often all perfect.) 49. 55— 

life everlasting.) 

Arremisia. Calyx imbricate, with scales 
rounded, converging: egret 0: receptacle some- 
what villose or nakedish. (Flowers mostly round- 
on 49. 55—(wormwood, southern wood. ; 

ANACETUM. Calyx imbricate, hemispheric : 
scales acuminate: rays obsolete, 3-cleft: egret 
somewhat marginal: receptacle naked. (i‘low- 
els corymbed.) 49. 55—(tansy.) 


B. Flowers radiate. 


Curysantuemum. Calyx hemispherical, im- 
bricate, with the scales membranous at the mar- 
gin: receptacle naked : egret none, or a narrow 
margin. 49. 55—(ox-eyed daisy, feverfew.) 

Zinnta. Calyx ovate-cylindric, imbricate : 
florets of the ray 5, permanent, entire: recepta- 
cle chaffy : egret 2 erect awns. 49. 55—(zinnia.) 
_ Taceres. Calyx simple, 1-leafed, 5-tootiied, 
tubular: florets of the ray 5. permanent: egret 
5 erect awns: receptacle naked. 49. 55—(mari- 
gold.) Exotic. 

Bevis. Calyx nemispherical, scales equal : 
egret 0: receptacle naked conical : seed obovate. 
49. 55—(garden daisy.) Exotic. 

Pyretsarum. Calyx hemispherical, imbri- 
cate with scales acutish and scarious margined : 
egret a marginal ring : ere naked. (Tak- 


ai CD as 


36 CLASS XVIUL ORDER I Th. 
en from Chrysanthemum.) 49. 55—(wild fever- 
few.) 


Arnica. Calyx with leafets equal: egret 
simple : receptacle naked. 'Thé florets of the ray 
usually have 5 filaments without anthers. 49. 53 
—(arnic.) 

Doron icuM. Calyx-scales equal, in two rows, 
longer than the disk: egret simple: receptacle 
naked ; seeds of the ray naked and destitute of 
egret. 49. 55—(leopard’s bane.) 

Inuua. Calyx imbricate or squarrose : egret 
cimple : anthers ending in 2 bristles at the base : 

-~ receptacle naked : ray florets numerous. 49. 55 

- —(elecampane.) 

E;RIGERON. Calyx imbricate : egret pilose : 
receptacle naked : tiorets of the ray linear, very 
narrow, numerous. 49. 55—(flea-bane, pride- 
weed.) 

Sotipacs. Calyx-scales imbricate, closed : 
egret simple : receptacle naked, furrowed with 
dots or punctures : ray-florets about 5. (Yellow.) 

_ 49. 55—(golden rod.) 

SENECIO. Calyxcylindric ; leafets with with- 

_ ering, blackish tips, and a few small calycle leaf- 

_ ets at the base: egret simple : receptacle naked. 

49. 55—(rag-wort, fireweed.) 

-  "Tusstzace. Calyx simple, scales equal, and 
equalling the disk, sub-membranous : receptacle 
naked : pistillate florets ligulate or without teeth : 
egret simple, sessile, 49, 55 (Sometimes poly ga- 
mous.) (coltsfoot.) 

Cinerarsra. Calyx simple, many-leaved, equal : 
receptacle naked: egret simple. 49. 55—(ash- 
wort.) 

Aster. Calyx imbricate, the inferior scales 
spreading: egret simple: receptacle naked, 
scrobiculate. (Florets ofthe ray more than 10, 
except in solidaginoides, and a few other species.) 
49, 55—-(star-flower.) 

Hewiopsis. Calyx imbricate with ovate-linear 


fag 


ee ) he es 
CLASS XVIII. ORDER UI 87 


scales : ray florets linear, large : receptacle chaf- 
fy, conic ; the chaffs lanceolate : seed 4-sided: 
egret 0. 49. 55--(sun-ray.) 

Bururxaarmeum. Calyx leafy ; receptacle 
chaffy : egret marginal 4-toothed or obsolete : 
seeds of the ray margined, and sometimes of the 
disk. 49. 55—(ox-eye.) Southern states. 

Hexrentum. Calyx 1-leaved, many parted : 
egret 5 chaffy leaves : receptacle naked in the 
disk, chaffy in the ray : florets cf the ray half-s- 
cleft : seed villose. (Leaves decurrent.) 49. 55— 
(false-sunflower. ) 

Borronia. Calyx imbricate : egret tooth- 
awned, somewhat 2-horned: receptacle hemis- 
pherical, alveolate : florets of the ray numerous : 
seed flat-compressed, margined. 49. 55—(false- 
chamomile.) 

Marricaria. Calyx flat, imbricate. scales 
scarious at the margin: receptacle naked, cone- 
‘cylindric : egret none. 49. 55—(wild chamomile.) 

AnTueMis. Calyx hemispherical, nearly e- 
qual ; egret 0, ora membrancous niargin: florets 
of the ray more than 5: receptacle chaify, the 
chaffs flat, with a rigid acuminate apex. 49, 55— 
(may-weed, chamotuile.) af 

ACHILLEA. Calyx imbricate, ovate: egret 0: _ 
receptacle chaffy : florets of the ray, 4 to. 10, di-— 
lated. (Flowers corymbed.) 49. 55—(yarrow.) 

VERBESINA. Calyx in double order: recep- 
~tacle chaffy : florets of the ray about 5: egret 
.awned. 49. 55—(crown-beard.) 


Orper III. Potyeamra Frustranea. 


RupBeckra. Calyx with a double order of 
scales: receptaele chaffy, conic: egret a 4-tooth- 
ed in or 0. 49. 55—(Cone-flower.) 

Hewiantuus. Calyx imbricate, sub-squarrose, 
leafy : receptacle flat, chaffy, egret 2-leaved, ca- 
ducous. 49, 55—-(sunilower, Jerusalem arti- 
choke.) 


oP 


88 CLASS XIX. onde 4 


CorEopsts. Calyx double, also many-leaved : 
seeds compressed emarginate : receptacle chaffy : 
egret 2-horned. 49. 55—(tickseed sun-flower. ) 

Cenracres. Calyx variow$, mostly imbri- 
cate, roundish : egret simple, various : recepta- 
cle bristly : corols of the ray funnel-shape, longer, 
irregular. 49. 54—(blue-bottle, blessed thistle. ) 


Orper IV. Potyeamra NeEcESSARIA. 


Srzpnium. . Calyx squarrose, scales leafy, 
broad: egret a 2-horned-margin: receptacle chaf- 
fy: seeds compressed, obcordate, margined. 49. 
55—(ragged cup.) | 

PoLYMNIA. Galys double, exterior 4-5-leaved, 
interior 10-leaved, leafets concave : egret 0: re- 
ceptacle chaffy. 49. 55—(leaf-cup.) 

Catenputa. Calyx many-leaved, equal: re- 


ceptacle naked : egret none: seeds of the disk | 


membranaceous. 49. 55—-(pot-marygold.) Ex- 
otic. 

Iva. Calyx 3-leaved: styles 2, long : seed na- 
ked, obtuse: receptacle hairy: ray 5-flowered. 
49. 55—(high water shrub.) 

Orper VY. Potyeamia SEGREGATA. 


ELeruantorus. Common calyx 3-leaved, 


partial calyx 4-flowered : florets ligulate: recep- 
tacie naked : egret setaceous. 49. 55—(elephant 
foot.) Southern states. 

Ecuinops. Proper calyx 1-flowered: corol 
tubular, perfect : receptacle setose: egret obso- 
lete. 49. 55—(globe thistle.) Exotic. - 


CLASS XIX. GYNANDRIA. 


Orper I. Moxanxnprira—or OnpeEr I. Dian- 
DRIA. x 


Calyx 5-leaved coloured, (or corol 5-petalled.) 


A. Witha spur under the lower lip. 
Orcurs. Calyx ringent-like, the upper leaf- 


‘ 
he ie ees 


Po hee 23k i " 


me 


e! 


ss XIX. ORDERS II. V. 89 


ets vaulted : lip dilated, spur long: anther termin- 
al adnate. 7. iy Nea 

Limoporum. Calyx somewhat spreading : lip 
spreading, elongated at the base into a spur: an- 
ther a terminal lid, caducous. 7. 21—(limodore, ) | 

Saryrium. Calyx ringent-like, upper leafet 
vaulted: lip linear, parted or sub-entire : spur 
short, sub-inflated rt ohne hat 2-lobed: Mir, 
terminal adnate. 7. 21—(satyrion.) 


B. Lower lip without a spur. 


Neorria. Calyx ringent-like, the outer side 
leafets united before about the inflated base of the 
lip : anther parallel to the acuminate style, aflix- 
+ behind. 7, 21—(ladies tresses.) 

Errpactis. Calyx erect. spreading: anther 
a permanent lid : tip flat, pendulous, 2-cleft at the 
apex. 7. 2i—(lily orchis.) 

CympBipium. Calyx 4 or 5-leaved, erect or 


spreading : lip concave at the base, with a spread- 


ing border: anther a deciduous lid: poilea glo- 
bose. 7. 2i—(coral root, grass-pink.) 

Maraxis. Calyx spreading, turned upside 
down by the twisting of the peduncle when the 
petals open: lip ascending, concave, spreading : 
anther a lid. 7. 21—(twayblade.) 

-ArretTuHUsA. Calyx somewhat ringent-like 5 _ 
leafets somewhat converging : anther a perman- 
ent lid : pollen powdery-granulated. 7. 21—(are- 


_thusa, snake-mouth.) 


Orpver I]. Drannpria. 


Cyprirpepium. Calyx coloured, 4-leaved, 
spreading : lip inflated, hollow: style witha ter- 
minal lobe ; and a petal-like appendage on the 
upper side. 7. 21—<ladies’ slipper.) 


Orper V. PENTANDRIA. 
AsScLePras. Follicles 2: nectaries 5, concave: 
Ii -2 oe 


: 


~ 


ed ; 4 : ra 
90 CLASS XX. ORDERS I. IL 


containing a little horn: petals reflexed. 30. 47 
—(milk-weed or silk-weed.) 
YNANCHUM. Calyx 5-toothed: corol wheel- 


form: nectary cylindric, 5-toethed: follicles 2. - 


30. 47—(choak-dog.) 
Orper VI. Hexanpria. 


ArisToLtocHii. Calyx 0: corol superior, 1- 
petalled, ligulate, inflated at the base : capsule 6- 
celled, many-seeded. 11. 23—(birth-wort.) 

* Arum was formerly placed here, but is now 
removed to class monoecia. 


CLASS XX. MONOECIA. 


OrpverR I. Monanpria. 


Friuvistts. Staminate flowers—calyx 0: co- 
rol 0: anther sessile. Pistillate flowers—calyx 
0: corol 0: style filiform: stigma 2-cleft : cap- 
sule t-seeded. 15.6. (Flowers axillary)—(riv- 
er-nyniph. ) 

CHira. Staminate flowers—-calyx 0: corol 
)}: anther globose, sessile. Pistillate flowers— 
calyx 0: corol 0: style 0: stigmas 5 : berry 1- 
celied, many seeded. (Aquatics.).15. 6—(chara.) 

Nagas. Staminate flowers—calyx 2-lobed : 
corel 4-cleft: anthers sessile, cohering. Pistil- 
late flowers—calyx 0: corol 0: style subulate : 
stigma 2 or 3-cleft: capsule 1 to 4-seeded. 15. 6 
——(water-nyinph.) 


Croer H. DIaAnpRIA. 


Lemna. Staminate flowers—calyx 1-leafed : 
corol 0. Pistillate flowers—calyx 1-leafed : co- 
rol 0 ; capsule 1-celled, 2-seeded. 54, 6—(duck- 
meat, water flaxseed.) 

PoposTEMUM. Staminate flowers—calyx 0 ; 
corol 0: stamens affixed to a pedicel. Pistil- 


late flowers—calyx 0: corel 0: germ ovate : stig- 


‘ma 1, sessile : capsule 2-celled, 2-valyed, many- 
seeded. 54. 6—(thread-foot.) 
4 ~ i . 


Ad 


CLASS XX. ORDER IIL 1 


Orper II]. Trianpria. 


“Tyrna. Ament cylindric. Staminate flowers 
—calyx obsolete, 3-leaved: corol 0.  Pistillate 
flowers—below the staminate : calyx 0: corol 0: 
seed 1, pedicelled ; the pedicels surrounded at the 
base with long hairs resembling egret. 3, s— 
(cat-tail, or reed mace.) 

SParcanium. Staminate fiowers--ament round- 
ish: calyx 3-leaved: corol0. Pistillate flowers— 
calyx 3-leaved: corol 0: stigma 2-cleft ; drupe 
juiceless, 1-seeded. 3. 8—(burr-reed.) 

Zea. Staminate flowers—calyx-glume 2-flow- 
ered, awnless: corol glume awnless.  Pistillate 
flowers—calyx-glume 2-valved : style 1, fili- 
form, pendulous : seed solitary, immersed in an 
_ oblong receptacle. 4. 10—(Indian corn.) 
 ‘'Taspsacum. Staminate flowers—calyx-glume 
2-flowered, outer one staminate, inner one neu- 
tral: corol-glume membranaceous.  Pistillate 
flowers—calyx-glume 1-flewered, covered with a 
i-leafed involucre perforated with hollows : corol- 
glume 2-valved : styles 2: seed 1. 4. 10--(se- 
same grass.) 

Coix. Staminate flowers—in remote spikes : 
calyx-glumes 2-flowered, awnless: corol-glume 
awnless. Pistillate flowers—calyx-glume 2-fiow- 
ered ; corol-glume awnless : style 2-parted : seed 
covered with the bone-like calyx. 4. 10-—-(Job’s 
tear. ) 

Carex. Aments imbricate (usually in cylindric 
spikes.) Staminate flowers—calyx-scales solita- 
ry: corol0. Pistillate flowers—calyx-scales so- 
litary : corol inflated, monopetalous, 2-toothed at 
the apex : stigmas 2 or S$: nut 3-sided, inclosed 
in the permanent corol, which becomes an utri- 
culus-like permanent aril. 3. 9—(sedge.) 

Screrza, Staminate flowers—-calyx-glume 2 
or 6-valved, many-flowered ; corol-giumes awn- 
less. Pistillate flowers—calyx like the staminate : 
~corol 0: stigmas 1 te 3; nut coloured, sub-globose. 
3. 9—(whip-grass.) 


C — 


aay a" 


2 CLASS XX. ORDER IV. 


~ Comrrtonra. Staminate flowers—ament cylin- 
dric with calyx-scales : coro] 2-petalled ; fila- 
ments 2-forked. Pistillate flowers—spike or 
ament ovate, corol 6-petalled «styles 2: nut ov- 
ate. 50. 99—(sweet-fern ) a 
Errocauton. Common calyx many-leaved ; 
fierets many in an imbricate head: corol 3 to 6- 
petalled : stamens higher than the germ: cap- 


sule 3-celled: seed 1, crowned with the corol.— 
‘Central flowers staminate. 6, 13—(pipe-wort.) 


QOrper IV. ‘'TerrRanpria. 


Avucusa. Staminate flowers—calyx 4-toothed :; 
corol 4-petalled : receptacle pierced with 4 holes. 
Pistillate flowers—calyx and corol as in the 
staminate : germ inferior: style 1, short: nut 
ovate 1-celled.—-(japan shrub.) Exotic. 

BoruMeria. Staminate flowers----calyx 4- 
parted: corol 0: nectary 0: Pistillate flowers—— — 
calyx 0: corol 0: styles 2: seed 1, compressed. 
(Flowers capitate.) 53. 98—-(round-head.) 

Urrica. Staminate flowers---calyx 4-leaved : 
corol 0: nectary central cyathiform. Pistillate 
flowers—calyx 2-leaved (2-valved :) corol 0: 
seed 1, glossy. 53. 98—(nettle.) 

Panietania. Polygamous. Perfect flowers— 
calyx 4-cleft inferior : corol 0: stamens elastic : 


style 1: seed 1. Pistillate flowers—calyx 2-leay- 


ed: seed covered with the dried elongated calyx. 
53. 98—(pellitory.) ah 

Morus. Staminate flowers—calyx 4-parted : 
corol 0. Pistillate fiowers—calyx 4-leaved : co- 
rol 0: styles 2: calyx berried : seed 1. 53. 98 
—(muiberry.) : 

Auxvus. Staminate flowers—ament composed 
of wedge-form truncate 3-flowered receptacles : 
calyx a scale: corol 4-parted. . Pistillate flowers 
—calyx 2-flowered scales: corol 0: seed com- 
pressed ovate wingless. 50. 99—(alder.) 

gee - 


hs . » 


CLASS XX. ORDER XIIL 93 
a 


Serpicuna. Staminate flowers—calyx 4- 
toothed: corols 4-petalled. Pistillate flowers— 
calyx 4-parted : nut tomentose. 15. 88—(little 
snakeweed.) 

Buxus. Staminate flowers—calyx 3-leaved : 
petals 2: germamere rudiment. Pistillate floe- 
ers—calyx 4-leaved : petals 3: styles 5: capsu- 
les 3-beaked, 3-celled : seeds 2. 38. 96—(box.) 

* Najas. 


Orper V. PENTANDRIA. 


XanTuium. Staminate flowers—-common 
calyx imbricate : corol 5-cleft, fyunnelform : re- 
ceptacle chaffy. Pistillate fiowers—involucre 2- 
leaved, i-flowered : corol 0: drupe dry, muri- 
cate. 2-eleft = nut 2-celled—(sea-burdock.) 

AMBROSIA. Staminate flowers—common calyx 
1-leaved : corol 1-petalled, 5-cleft, funnel-form : 


receptacle naked. istillate flowers—calyx 1- 


jeafed, entire, the swelling part 5-ioothed, 1- 
flowered : corol 0: nut from the indurated calyx, 
1-seeded. 54. 32—(hogweed.) 

AMARANTHUS. Staminate flowers—calyx 3 or 
5-leaved: corol 0 : stamens 3 or 5.  Pistillate 
flowers.—calyx and corol as the staminate : sty!es 
$8: capsule 1-celled, opening transversely : seed 
1. 54. 5$0—(amaranth, red-cockscomb.) 


Orper VI. Hexanpria. 


' Zrzanta. Staminate flowers—calyx 0: corol- 

glume 2-valved, awniess, wiih pistillate flowers 
intermixed. Pistillate flowers—calyx 0: corol- 
glume 2-valved, cuculate, awned : style 2-parted ; 
seed 1 invested in the plaited corol. 4. 10—(wa- 
ter-oats.) 


Orper XIII. Poryanprra. 


CERATOPHYLLUM. Staminate flowers—calyx 
many-parted : corel o : stamens 16—20, with 
tricuspidate anthe Pistillate flowers—calyx 


or 4 


WT 
ae a 


CLASS XX. ORDER XIIL 


ee 


and corol as in the staminate : pistil 1: nut 1- : 


seeded. 15. 6—(hornwort.) 

MyrioPuyiiuM. Stamingte flowers—calyx 
4-cleft: petals 4, caducous: stamens 4, 6 er 8. 
Pistillate flowers—calyx and corol like the sta- 
minate : pistils 4: style 0 : seeds 4, having a 


bark. 15. 6—(water milfoil.) 


SacirTarta. Staminate flowers—calyx 3- 
Jeaved : corol 3-petalled : filaments mostly 24, 
Pistiliate flowers—calyx and corol as in the sta- 
minate : pistils many : capsules aggregate, i- 
seeded. 5. 13—(arrow-head.) 

Carta. Spathe ovate becoming expanded ; 
spadix covered with the fructification: stamens 
intermixed. Staminate flowers—calyx and corol 
0: anthers sessile. Pistillate flowers—calyx and 
corol 0: berries 1-celled crowned with the short 
style. 2. 7—(water arum.) 


Arum. Spathe cuculate : spadix not entirely — 


covered with the fiuctification : being more or 
Jess naked above, with pistillate flowers beneath 
and staminate in the middle; (semetimes a few 
are staminate beneath :) berry mostly 1-seeded : 
generally cirrose-glandular beneath. 2. 7— 


— Undian-iurnip.) 


PorerRiuM. Staminate flowers—calyx 4-leay- 
ed: corel 4-paried : stamens 30 to 50. Pistillate 
flowers—calyx and corol like the staminate : pis- 
tils 2: berry from the indurated tube of the co- 
ral. 54. 92—(burret.) Exotic. 

QcuERcus. Staminate flowers—calyx sub-5- 
cleft: stamens 5 to 10. Pistillate flowers—calyx 
1-leafed, entire, scabrous, a woody cup : styles 2 
to 5: nut coriaceous, surrounded at the base by 
the permanent calyx, 50. 99—(oak.) 

JuGians. Staminate flowers—ament imbri- 
cate : calyx a scale: corol 6-parted : filaments 
4 to 18. Pistillate flowers—calyx 4-cleft supe- 
rior: corol 4-cleft : styles 2: drupe coriaceous 
or woody : nut sulcate. 50. 94—(hickory, wal- 
nut, butternut.) F X 


CLASS XX. ORDER XUL 95 


Facus. Staminate flowers—ament roundisite 
calyx 5-cleft, beilform: stamens about 12. Pis- 
tillate flowers—calyx 4-toothed, setose : germs 2 : 
nuts 2 inclosed in the calyx becoming ccriaceous 
echinate. 50, 99—(beach.) 

CasTANEA. Polygamous. Staminate fiowers 
—ament naked, linear: corol 5-petalled ; sta- 
mens 10 to 20. Pistillate flowers—calyx 5 or 6- 
leaved, muricate : germs 3: stigmas pencil-form ; 
nuts 3, with coriaceous putamen, inclosed in the 
calyx becoming echinate. 50. 99—(chesnut.) 

Betrcna. Staminate flowers—ament imbri- 
cate, scales peltate 3-flowered ; calyx a scale; 
stamens 10 to 12. Pistillate fiowers—calyx a 2- 
flowered scale : seed 1, winged. 50. 99—(birch.) 

Carpinus. Ament imbricate. Staminate 

flowers—calyx-seales ciliate: stamens 10. Pis- 
tillate flowers—calyx-scaies 2-flowered : corol 3- 
cleft : nut ovate sulcate. 50. 99—(hornbeam.) 
-. Osrrya. Ament imbricate. Staminate flow- 
ers—calyxa scale: filaments ramose. Pistiliate 
flowers—ament naked: capsule inflated, imbri- 
cate, with one seed at its base. 50. 99—( hop hern- 
beam.) 

Coryuivs. Staminate flowers—ament imbri- 

cate: calyx ascale: stamens about 8. Pistillate 
flowers—calyx 2-parted, lacerated : styles 2: 
nut ovate, surrounded by and included in the per- 
manent leaf-like calyx. 50. 99—(hazlenut.) 
- Piaranus.. Ament globose. Staminate flow- 
ers—corol scarcely apparent, anthers growing 
around the filaments. Pistillate flowers—caiyx 
many-leaved ; style with a recurved stigma : 
seed roundish. crowned with the mucronate 
style, with egret-like hairs at the base. 50. 99— 
(button-wood. ) 

LiguipaMBAR. Staminate flowers—ament 
conic, surrounded with a 4-leaved involucre : fil- 
amenis numerous. Pistillate flowers—ament gio- 
hose, surrounded with a 4-leaved involucre ; calyx 


it’ lel 


# ae 
96 LASS XX. ORDER XVI. 


? 

j-leafed, pitcher-form, 2-flowered: styles 2: cap- 
sules 2, surrounded at the base by the calyx, 1- 
celled, many-seeded. 51. 99—(sweet-gum.) 


Orper XVJ. Monapetpuia. 


Pinus. Staminate flowers—calyx 4-leaved : 

tamens many: anthers naked. Pistillate fiow- 

bis calyxes in strobiles or cones, scales 2-fiow- 

ered : pistil 1: nut with a membranaceous wing. 

_ (Perhaps more properly a samara.) 51. 100— 
(ine.) 

Cupressus. Staminate flowers—ament im- 
bricate: calyx a scale: corel 0: anthers 4, ses- 
sile. Pistillate flowers—ament strobilaceous : ca- 
lyx a 1-flowered scale : corol 0: stigmas 2, with 
concave points: nat angled. 51. 100—(white ce- 
dar. ) 

Tuusa. Staminate fowers—ament imbricate : 
calyx a scale: corol 0: anthers 4.  Pistillate 
flowers—ament a strobile: calyx a 2-flowered 
scale : corol 0: nut 1, surrounded with a mar- 
ginal wing. 51. 100—(arbor vitae.+) | 

AcCALYPHA. Staminate flowers—calyx 3 or 4- 
leaved : stamens 8 to 16. Pistillate lowers—ca- 
lyx and corol like the staminate: styles 3, 2- 
cleft : capsule tricoccous, 3-celled. (Having 
Jarge bracts.) 38. 96—(three seed mercury.) 

Ricinus. Staminate flowers—calyx 5-part- 
ed: stamens numerous. Pistillate fHowers——ca- 
lyx S-parted : styles 3, 2-cleft : capsules echi- 
nate, 3-celled, 3-seeded. 38. 96--(palma-christi, 
or castor oil plant.) &xotic. 

PayiitantTuus. Staminate flowers—calyx 5 


Vay 


7 


{ Uhis tree is also called white cedar in Dr. Hosack’s ca- 
talogue ; to wich, and to Phelps’ Calendar, I generally re- 
fer, as the standards for English names; excepting in those 
cases, where I take the names immediately from the com- 
mon people. 

In the 2d edition 1 have added several English names 
from Professor Peck’s catalogue, Seal 


ae 
4 


a sake 
CLASS XXI. ORDER II. 97 


er 6-parted : filaments united in a column 3 an- 
thers 8, and generally several barren filaments. 
Pistillate flowers—calyx and corol like the stam- 
inate: nectary with a 12-angled margin: styles 
3: eapsule tricoccous. 38. 96——(leaf-fiower. ) 

Momorpica. Staminate flowers—calyx 5- ° 
cleft: corol 5-parted : filaments 3, Pistillate 
fiowers—style 3-cleft : berry gourd-like and 
bursting elastically : seeds compressed, 34. 97— 
(balsam apple.) 

Sicyos. Staminate flowers—calyx 5-toothed : 
corol 5-parted: filaments 3. Pistillate flowers— 
styles 3-cleft: berry gourd-like, 1-seeded. 34. 97 
—(single-seed cucumber.) 

Cucursira. Staminate flowers---calyx 5- 
toothed : corol 5-cleit: filaments 3. Pistillate 
flowers---calyx and corol like the staminate : 
pistil 3-cleft ; pomaceous berry large, 3 to 5-cell- 
ed: seeds thickened at the margin. 54. 97--- 
(gourd, squash, pumpkin, water-melon.) Exotic. 

Cucumis. Staminate flowers---calyx 5-tooth- 
ed: corol 5-parted: filaments 3. Pistillate flow- 
ers---calyx and corol like the staminate: stigmas 
3, thick, 2-parted : berry with sharpish seeds. 34. 
97—cucumber, musk-melon.) 

Metornria. Staminate flowers—calyx 5- 
toothed : coro! beliform: filaments 3. Pistillate 
~ flowers—style 1: stigmas 3: berry 3-celled, 
many-seeded. 34. 97—(creeping cucumber.) 


CLASS XXf. DIOECIA. 


Orper Il. Dianpria. 


VALLISNERIA. Staminate flowers—spathe 2- 
parted : spadix covered with florets: pertanth 3- 
parted. Pistillate flowers—spathe 2-cleft, 1-ilow- 
ered; periantih >-parted, superior : corol 3-petall- 
ed: capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. (stamens 2 — 
and 6) 1, 22—(tape-grass.) 

Satix. Staminate tlowers—ament cyliudric : 

; Paes | 
ee 


v8 CLASS XXI. ORDERS IIL IV. 


calyx a scale, with a nectariferous gland at the 
base. Vistillate flowers—ament and calyx like 
the staminate : styles 2-cleft : capsule 1-celled, 2- 
rene : seed with egret-like dgwn. 50. 99—(wil- 
ow. 

Fraxinus. Perfect fiowers—calyx 0, or 4- 
parted : corol 0, or 4-petailed : pistil 1 : sama- 
Ya 1-seeded with a lanceolate wing. Pistillate 
- ers on a distinct plant : calyx, corol and pistils 
2 as perfect. 44. 37—(ash.) 

F Orper Ill. Trianpria. 


_ Empetrum. Staminate flowers—calyx 3-part- 
ed: corol 3-petalled : stamens long. Pistillate 
flowers—-calyx and corol as in the staminate : 
styles 9: berry 9-seeded. 18. 51—(crow-berry.) 

Ficus. Common receptacle fleshy enclosing 
the apetalous fiorets, either in the same or ina 
distinct individual. Staminate flowers—calyx 3- 
parted.—Pistillate flowers—calyx 5-parted : pis- 
til 1, lateral : seed 1, covered with the closed 
permanent somewhat fleshy calyx. 53. 98—(fig 
trec.) Exotic. 

* Carex. 


Orper IV. TEeTRANDRIA. 


Hiproruak. Staminate flowers---calyx 2- 
parted: corol 0. Pistillate flowers---calyx and 
corol like the staminate : style 1: berry 1-seed- 
ed, 16. 24---(sea-buckthorn.) 

Myrica. Staminate flowers—ament oblong : 
calyx an ovate scale: corol 0.  Pistillate flowers 
—calyx and coro] like the staminate : styles 2: 
drupe or berry 1-seeded. 50. 99—(bay-berry, 
sweet gale. ) a 

BrovussoneTtia. Staminate flowers—ament 
cylindric : calyx 4-parted. Pistillate flowers— 
ament globose : calyx tubulous, 3 or 4-toothed : 
de germ becoming fleshy, clavate, prominent : styles 
Lateral: seed 1, covered by the calyx. 50, 99— 
(paper mulberry.) : 


se ae : 
ee eee ae 
al Y a 


tee 
WI ety 
tet Be 
s we at 


CLASS XXTI. ORDER V. $9 


- Viscum. Staminate flowers—calyx 4-parted : 
corol 0 : anthers sessile adhering to the calyx.— 
Pistillate flowers—styles 0: berry inferior 1-seed- 
ed : seed cordate ; (parasitic adhering to trees.)--- 
(nisseltoe.) 


Orver V. PentTAnprRia. 


Hamitronta. Perfect flowers—calyx superior 
5-cleft: corol 0: nectary with a 5-toothed disk: 
stamens 5: pistil 1: fruit a drupe. Staminate 
flowers like the perfect, except in wanting the 
pistil---¢American oil-nut.} ae 

ZANTHOXYLUM. Staminate flowers---calyx 5- 
parted : corol 0: stamens 3 to 5. Pistillate fow- 
ers---pistils 5 to 5 : capsules equal to the number 
of pistils, 1-seeded. 46. 94---(prickly ash, or tooth- 
ache tree.) 

Sprnacita. Staminate flowers---calyx 5-part- 
ed: corol 0. Pistillate flowers---styles 4 : seed 
1, within the indurated calyx. 12. 29---(spinach) 
Exotic, 

Acnimpa. Staminate flowers---calyx 5-parted : 
corol 0. Pistillate flowers---calyx 5-parted : style 
0: stigmas 3, sessile: capsule 1-seeded. 53. 29 
---(water-hemp.) 

fiumvunus. Staminate flowers---calyx 5-leav- 
ed: corol 0. FPistillate flowers---calxy 1-leafed, 
entire, oblique, spreading : styles 2 : seed 1, with- 
in the leaf-lhke calyx: intiorescence strobile-form. 
~ 58. 98---(hop.) 

Cannasis. Staminate flowers---calyx 5-part- 
ed. Pistillate flowers---calyx 5-leaved, entire, 
gaping laterally : styles 2: nut 2-valved, within 
the closed calyx. 53. 98---(hemp.) Exotic. 

Nyssa. Perfect flowers---calyx superior, 5- 
parted : corol 0: pistil 1: fruit a drupe. Stam- 


inate flowers---stamens 10. 12, 24---(tupelo tree, 


La 


or pepperidge.) 


100 CLASS XXI. ORDERS VIIL vo XIII. 


si Croer VI. Hexanpria. 


LapaTruum. Calyx 3S-leaved: not marked 
with grains : petals 3, converging : seed 1, 3-sid- 


ed. (Distinguished from ruméx, by always be- 


ing diecious.) 12. 28—(field-sorrel.) 
SmiLax. Staminate flowers--calyx 5-leaved : 
orol 0. Pistillate flowers--calyx and corol like 


_ the staminate : styles 3: berry 3-celled : seeds 2. 


oscoREA. Staminate fiowers----calyx 6- 


Sey . 
‘41. 12---(green briar, Jacob’s ladder.) 
ae ri 


#. 


d: corel 0. Pistillate flowers---styles 3: 


capsule 3-celled, compressed : seeds 2, membra- 


naceous.---(Leaves generally alternate.) 11. 12--- 
(yam-root.) 


From Orver VIII. Ocranpria, to Orver XIII. 
POLYANDRIA. 


Porutus. Staminate flowers--ament cylindric, 
calyx a torn scale : corol turbinate, oblique, en- 
tire. Pistillate flowers---ament, calyx and corol 
like the staminate: stigma 4-cleft: capsule 2- 
celled: seed with egret-like hairs. (Leaves hav- 


ing a tremulous motion.) 50. 99---(poplar, balm of 


giead. 

Drospyros. Staminate flowers—calyx 4 to 6- 
cleft, dilated: corol pitcher-form, 4 to 6-cleft : 
stamens @, 16 or 29. Pistillate flowers—calyx 
and corol like the staminate : styles 4-cleft: ber- 
ry 8 to 12-seeded. 18. 41---(date plum.) 

Guerpirscuia. Perfect flowers---calyx 4-cleft: 
coro] 5-peialled: pistil 1: capsule legume-like. 
Staminate flowers---calyx 3-leaved ; corol 3-pet- 
alled. Pistillate flowers---calyx 5-leaved: coral 
5-petalled. 33. 93---(honey-locust.) .— 

Datisca. Staminate flowers---caly: 
corol 0: anthers sessile, about 15.  Pistillate 
flowers---calyx superior, 2-toothed : styles 3: cap- 


_ sules 3-angled, 3-horned, 1-celled, pervious, 54--- 


(false-hemp.)} 
MenisPpermuM. Staminate flowers---calyx 2- 


_— 


~ 


Cg 


CLASS XXII. GRDERI. — 101 


Jeaved : petals 4 or 6 outer and 8 inner : stamens 
16. Pistillate flowers---corol like the staminate : 
8 barren stamens: germs 2 or 3 : berries paired, 
i-seeded. 11. 77---(moon seed.) 


Orper XVI. Monaperruia. 


Juxrrerus. Staminate flowers---ament ovate : 
calyx a scale: stamens 3. Pistillate flowers—ca- _ 


lyx 3-parted: petals 3: styles 3: berry 3-seed- 


ed, consisting of the three unequal tubercles of © 


the calyx. (Nut bony, 1-celled with balsam 
glands at the base.) 51. 100—(red cedar, sayH 

Taxus. Staminate flowers—calyx about 4 
bud-leaves : corol 0: stamens many, anthers pel- 
tate, 8-cleft. Pistillate flowers—style 0: recep- 
tacle acorn-cupform ; nut ovate. 51. 100—(yew.) 


PotyGamous PLANTS. 


Some authors still retain the class Polygamia ; 
but I, following Persoon, have distributed the gen- 
era belonging to this class as follows :—.4ndropo- 
gon toclass 3, order 2. Hoicus to3,2. Panax 
to 5,2. Atriplex to5, 2. Celtis to 5,2. Vera- 
trum to 6, 3. Melanthium to 6,3. Acer to 8, 1. 
‘Vimosa to 16,10. Parietaria to 20, 4. Fraxi- 
ius to 21,2. Nyssa to 21,5. Gleditschia to 21, 
jis, fi 


CLASS XXif. CRYPTOGAMIA., 
Orpver |. Fixices. 


_Ferns are annulated, when each capsule has a 
kind of chain passing around it at about right an- 
gles with the suture. When the fruit is ripe, the 
chain in straitening opens the capsule ; it being 


attached by its ends to two contiguous edges of it. _ 


~ 
A. With annulated capsules. 


1. Without involucres. 


_Acrosticuum. Capsules numerous, covering 
' the whole lower surface of the frond. (The fer- 
- 12 “a 
a eee * 
- i : ey: ; “J 
st te. aa 


cs 
. 


> 


¢ 


102 «=©6CLASS XXII. ORDER T. 


tile leaves differ in shape from the barren. This 
genus should be examined in the young state ; for 


4 


the scattered fruit of other gepera, by becoming — 


confluent when old, often cover the frond.) 55. 5--- 


& ~ (fork-fern.) 
-. Ponypopium. Capsules disposed in round 


cattered cots, on various parts of the lower sur- 
face of the frond. 55. 5---(polypod.) 


2, With involucres. 


(The fertile leaves are contracted and narrower 
than the barren ones.) 55. 5—(sensitive po- 
lypod.) (a 
EBrecunum. Capsules in uninterrupted lines 
running parallel to the midrib of the frond on both 


sides: involucre opens inwards.t (The fruit of 


this genus, when ripe, often covers the whole low- 
er surface of the frond like the acrostichum ; it 


Gs therefore be examined in the young state.) 


55. 5—({Roman fern.) 

- Preris. Capsules arranged in a continued 
line along the very margin of the frond: involu- 
cre opening inwards. (When the leaves are ex- 


tremely small, the rows of capsules on opposite | 


sides meet and cover the lower surface like the 
above.) 55. 5—(brake.) 

Virraria. Capsules i» an uninterrupted line 
along the disk or margin of the frond: involucre 
double, one of which opens inwards, the 
outwards. (Leaves always simple.) 55. 5—(rib- 

“bon fern.) ct) 

AsPLeENIuM. Capsules in lines parallel to each 


_ +The involucre opens inwards, when it opens or sepa- 


“Fates, so as to leave the capsules naked on the side next to 
we oe 


the midrib, 5 ' 


4 


o a 
CLASS XXH. ORDER. 08 


other, situated exactly upon the secondary veins 

of the frond: inyolucres opening inwards, & a 

the secondary veins is meant those of the middle 

part of the disk, not the | r ones at the margin 

or midrib. The parallel lines of capsules ra 

stand obliquely with respect to the midrib, 

their direction must be parallel to each other.) 55, 

5—(spleen wort, walking-leaf.) 
ScoLopenpriumM. Capsules in strait or oF 

zag parallel lines between the secondary veins (or 

ribs) of the frond : involucre doubie, opening on 

the top of the lines of capsules and foldin v 

towards each side. (In the genus asplenium, the 

lines of capsules lie across the veines of the frond ; 

but in this they are in line with the veins and at- 

tached along their sides or between them.) 55. 5 . 

—(caterpillar fern.) ; 
WoopWarDtra. Pa ange in oblong or oval 

spots arranged in regular rows on both sides of 

the midrib : involucre vaulted and opening in- 

wards. (When the leaves have large segments, 

the capsules are arranged along the midribs of 

the segments also.) 55. 5—(kidney-fruit fern.) 
ApiantuM. Capsules disposed in oblong 

spots arranged along the margin of the frend : 

involucre is formed by turning back the margin 

of the frond over the capsules, and it opens in- 

wards. (The lines of cblong spots are generally 

along that margin, which may be considered the 

~ end of the leaf or of the segments of the leaf.) 55. a 

_ 5—(maiden-hair.) 

Aspipium. Capsules in scattered roundish 

1 various parts of the whole lower surface 

ond: involucre a kidney-form or round 

ibrane, fastened to the frond in or near the 


he fruit-dot, and opening on all aides 
The inyolucre, when a little opened, is strictly 
peltate.) 55. 5—(shield-fern.) 58 


Atruyrium. (Taken from aspidiwm.) 
_ Sules in scattered roundish or oblong spots on va- 


104 CLASS XXII. ORDER I. 


rious parts of the whole lower surface of the 
frond : involucre a roundish membrane fastened 
to the frond at one side of the fruit-dot and open- 
ing on the other. (The involucre is generally fas- 
tened inwards and opens outwards towards the 
margin of the frond.) 55. 5—(snuff-box fern.) 
_ Dicxsonia. Capsules in small round scatter- 
ed fruit dots at the margin of the frond : involu- 
cre double ; one partis formed of the thin margin 
of the frond turned over upon the fruit-dots, the 
_ other is from the frond on the inward side of the 
_ fruit-dots, each part opening opposite to where it. 
is fastened to the Sone 55. 5—(fine-haired fern.) 
-_ Woopsta. Involucre perianth-form, with a 
hairy margin: capsules pedicelled included with- 
in the involucre : fruit-dots roundish, seattered. 
55. 5—(flower-cup fern.) . 
CiukEILANTHES. Fruit-dots roundish, distinct, 
situated at the margin of the frond: involucre a 
roundish membrane formed by turning over the 
margin of the frond upon the fruit dots, and open- 
ing inwards. (The margin is always crenate, 
and each fruit-dot has its own involucre perfectly 
separate from the others.) 55. 5—(lip-fern.) 


B. With capsules not annulated. 


ScuizaEa. Capsules top-form, striate longi- 
tudinally and radiately, situated upon the back 
art of a narrow spike-form appendage of the 
rond, surrounded with or interspersed among 
bundles of hairs. (The appendages, bearing the 
capsules, are generally digitate and occupy the 
summit of the frond.) 55. 5—(one-sided fern.) 
OsmunpDA. Capsules globose, pedicelled, ra- 
diate-striate or wrinkled, having a hinge at the 
joining of the two valves, which resembles part 
of the jointed ring of annulated ferns: the cap- 
sules either occupy the whole lower surface of the 
frond, or a panicled-raceme. (The parts of the 


frond occupied by the fruit are always more con- 


bad + 


" CLASS XXII. ORDER I. 105 
tracted than the barren parts.) 55. 5—(flowering 
fern.) 


Lycopium. Capsules in two series, radiate- 
striated or wrinkled, opening laterally, longitu- 
dinally or transversely ; they are situated upon- 
spikelets which proceed from the margin of the 
frond, each capsule being hid under ascale which _ 
falls off frequently in ripening. 55. 5—(fringed 


fern, climbing fern.) oT 
APPENDIX TO THE ORDER FILICES.* 
PTEROIDES. tive ge 


Plants related to the ferns in their general ha- 
bit ; but in some degree approaching the habit of 
pines, umbelliferous and culmiferous plants. The 
young leaves are never spiral: in which particu- 
lar they differ from most of the proper ferns. 

Borrycuium. Capsules coriaceous, globose, 
one-celled, smooth ; they are disposed in spikes 
or racemes, generally open lengthwise, sometimes 
irregularly. 55. 5—(grape fern.) 

Opntoctosstm. Capsules round, 1-celled, 
opening transversely ; they are placed on asome- 
what jointed spike in two close rows. 55. 5-—(ad- 
der-tongue fern.) 

Pstitorum. Capsules globose, 3-celled, 3-seed- 
ed, opening upwards with three pores ; they are 
sessile on the branches and axillary. 55. 5—(na- 
ked fern.) 

Lycoropium. Capsules mostly kidney-form 
or roundish, 2 or 4-valved opening elastically ; 
they are placed under separate scales in a spike, 
or sometimes in the axils of leaves. (Very leafy, 
their stems being generally covered with 2, 3 or 
4 rows of narrow simple entire leaves.) 55, 5— ay 
(ground pine.) Poi:; 


* The genera included in this appendix, with a few of 
the preceding, are arranged under four new orders by mo- 
_ dern innovators. 
a + 
: 4 


B 


be 


* ai 


t06 CLASS XXII. ORDER If. 


Eauizestum. Fruit placed under peltate bodies 
which are arranged in whorls forming a spike- 
form raceme ; four spiral filaments surround the 
seed (probably) which resenfbles green globules. 
(Fertile plants mostly leafless, the stems of all 
are jointed with toothed sheaths at every joint,. 
and usuaily longitudinally striated and hollow.) 


55. 5—(scouring rush, horsetail.) 


Orver Il. Musct.* 


A. Capsules without a lid. 
Puascum. Capsule furnished with a calyptre, 


but having no lid it falls off closed. (The small- 


est of mosses, never half an inch high, and mere 
commonly not the eighth of an inch, and almost 
sessile.) 56. 4—(earth-moss.) 


B. Capsules with a lid and without a peristome. 


Spuacnum. C ed baa breaks off transversely, 
leaving the lower half on the capsule : lid cadu- 
cous. (Found only in swamps. Becomes red- 
dish when old.) 56. 4—(peat-moss.) 

(aymvostomum. Calyptre wholly falling off: 
lid caduceus. 56. 4—(toothless-moss.) 


C. Capsuie with a ld and furnished with a single 
peristome, proceeding from the outer surface of 
the capsule, or from both inner and outer. 


1. Teeth fewer than 16. 


Terrapuis. Teeth 4, taking their origin from 
both the inner and outer surface of the capsule. 
56. 4—(4-toothed moss.) 

Sptacunum. ‘Teeth 8: capsule with an ‘um- 
brella-iorm apophysis below its base. 56. 4—(um- 
brella moss.) Ee 


bd 


; 7 

* Mosses may be gathered whenever the capsules have ar- 
rived to their usual size. But they must be put ina closet, 
until the lids of the capsules become reddish-brown, before 
they are examined. Then the lids may be removed, and 
the teeth examined. 


i | =D 


CLASS XX. ORDER II. 107 


2. Teeth always 16, anil neither split, connected, 
nor in pairs. 

GrimutA. Calyptre smallish: peduncle ter- 
minal, 56. 4—(awl-cap moss. ) 

MaAscuatocarrus. Calyptre small: pedun- 
cle axillary: stem sarmentose. 56. 4—(creeping 
moss. ) 

8. Teeth always 16, and split. 

Dicranem. Each tooth split part of Fast 
from the tip towards the base, incurved and sol 
56. 4—(fork moss.) : 

TricnostomuM. Each tooth split quite down 
to the base, erect and filiform. 56. 4—(hair-mouth 
moss. ) | 

4, Teeth 16, 32 or 64, connected. 


Potyrricnum. Tips of the teeth e'l meetin a 
flat membrane, which extends over most of tiie 
mouth of the capsule : calyptre mostly composed 
of hair. 56, 4— hair-cap moss.) 

5. Teeth 16, 32, or 64, in pairs. 

Dipymopox. Capsule without any apophysis 
below its base. (The splachnum, having teeth 
sometimes in pairs, is best distinguished from this 
genus by its apophysis.) 56. 4—(double-tooth 
inOSS. ) 

D. Capsule with a lid, and furnished with a single 
peristome proceeding only frein the inner surface 
of the capsule. 


- Bargsuna. Peristome consists of twisted fila- 
ments. 56, 4—(spiral-tooth moss. ) 

Drenascom. ‘Teeth vein-like, lying on a conic 
plaited membrane ; capsule inflated almost ses- 
sile upon the root. 56. 4—(bladder mouth. j 
E. Capsules with a lid, and furnished with a dou- 

ble peristome, the outer one consisting of 8 or 16— 


 distinet teeth. i 
Mt. Inner peristome consisting of teeth or filaments 
Ser te. 


mn not connecied at their bases. 
ee OrTHoTRicnHuM. Inner peristome consists of 


ye 


108 CLASS XXI. ORDER II. 


& or 16 fine hair-like filaments, vaulted inwards. 
56. 4—(curve-haired moss.) 

NeckERA. Outer peristome consists of 16 
teeth, the inner one of 16 filaments, erect ; pedun- 
cles axillary. (Sarmentose.) 56. 4—(strait-hair— 
ed moss.) 

Timmia. Outer teeth very short ; inner ones 
16, long and membranaceous, in distinct pairs : 
peduncles terminal. 56. 4—(many-spiked moss.) 
_ Criacium. Inner peristome consists of 16 
filaments, disposed in pairs ; each pair is united 
at top and connected below by transverse fibres : 
peduncles axillary. 56. 4—(tree moss.) 


2. Inner peristome consisting of teeth or filaments 
connected towards the buse by a membrane. 


Meesra. Inner peristome consisting of 16 re- 
ticulate flat teeth : peduncle terminal. 56. 4— net- 
tooth moss. ) 

Lesxea. Outer teeth long-acuminate ; inner 
peristome consists of a delicate membrane at the 
base, and upwards becoming uniform acuminate 
teeth : peduncle axillary. (Greatly resembles 
Hypnum, but the ciliae between the inner teeth of 
the Hypnum will distinguish it, if a very high 
magnifier be used.) 56. 4—(goose-neck moss.) 

Barrramia. Inner peristome consists of a de- 
licate membrane terminating in 16 acuminately 
divided teeth disposed in pairs : peduncles termi- 
nal, except halleriana. 56. 4—-(bow-moss.) 

Myium. Inner peristome consists of a mem- 
brane terminating in pointed teeth which are much 
perforated with large holes compared with the 
size of the teeth, having between tiem fine haivs ; 
peduncles terminal. 56. 4—(pricked-tooth moss.) 

Bryum. Inner peristome consists of a mem- 
brane terminating in pointed teeth not perforated, 
having between them very fine delicate haiis : 
peduncles terminai. 56, 4—(thread moss.) e 

fyrnum. Inner peristome consists of a mem-_ 
brane terminating in pointed teeth not perforated, 


CLASS XXII. ORDER IL. 109 


having between them very fine hairs, to be seen 

with a good magnifier : peduncles axillary. 56. 

4——(sleeping moss.) 

3. Inner peristome consisting of a membrane, or of 
united filaments. 


Fontrinatis. Inner peristome consisting of 
areticulate membrane with longitudinal fibres. 
56. 4—(water-moss.) 

Beuxeaumia. Outer teeth extremely short and 
truncate ; inner peristome consists of 2 or more 
cylinders of filaments slightly connected togeth- 
er, the inner cylinder being the longest : capsule 
oblique : peduncle radical. 56. 4—(leafless moss.) 


FB, Capsule with a lid, and furnished with a double 
peristome, outer ene consisting of 16 connected 
teeth. 


Funarra. Outer teeth oblique and connected 
at the tips : inner are 16 filaments lying flat : pe- 
duncles terminal. 56. 4—--(rope moss, twisted 
stem.) 


Orver II]. Hepaticar.t 


JunGermanntia. Capsules 4-valved with chain- 
like seed-dispersers, peduncled, arising from a 
bellform calyx. (An apophysis adjoims the cap- 
sule, and it has a silvery filamentous peduncle. 
which often grows several inches in one night. 
The peduncle rises from a bellform calyx, which 
is more permanent than the fruit. in this calyx 
the fruit lies concealed a while, at length it opens 
and discloses a small shining black globule, which 
rises on the silvery peduncie and bursts into 4 
valves.) 57. 3—(ialse mess.) 

Marcaantia. Capsules peduncled, bursting 
at their summits : seeds attached to elastic fibres : 


.t the plants of this order have the fructification much 
ike that of Mosses ; but the frond or leafy part sometimes 
embles that of Liehens. 


} 
k ie ge « 


110 CLASS XXII. ORDER IV. 


the capsules are placed beneath umbrella-like 
stars orcones. (It agrees with some species of 
jungermannia in external appearance, but it is of 
a much firmer texture. The frond is always leafy, 
lobed, furnished with a stron® midrib and beset 
beneath with villous roots. he disk of the leaf 
consists of a beautiful green net-work.) 57. 3-— 
(brook liverwort.) Ln the spring one of the leadin 
Pees sends up ovate anthers or buds on pelincid 
filaments from the disk ofthe frond. Near the 
middle of the summer the umbrellas appear, bear- 
ing the fruit on the rays.) 

Antuoceros. Capsules horn-like, issuing 
from a calyx with toothed reflexed margin, cover- 
ed at first with a brown villous caducous calyptre ; 
afterwards splitting into valves and presenting the 
columella with the seeds attached: around the ca- 
lyx, within the substance of the leaf, and in a pro- 
per involucre, are inclosed heaps of reddish mi- 
nute anthers orbuds. (hesubstance ofthe frond 
is made up of beautiful 6-sided cells, each of 
which is marked on the suriace with a small pro- 
tuberance.) 57. 3——(wax-liverwort.) 

Riccra. Capsules sessile, globular, 1-celled, 
crowned with an appearance of withered anthers ; 
they are lodged in the substance of the leaf, and to 
be discovered only by the darker colour of the 
place where situated. (Usually found with /em- 
aa in ponds and stagnant waters.) 57. $-—(float- 
ing-liverwort, fork-stems.) 


Orper IY. ALGAE. 


Fucus. Germs imbedded in the gelatinous 
substance of the frond, aggregate : seeds produc- 
ed in clustered tubercles, which burst at their 
summits. 57. 2--(dying seaweed.) Some species 
are excellent vermifuges. (See Dr. A. R. Grif- 
fin’s inaugural dissertation, before the New-York 
college of physicians.) 

Unva. Frond membranaceous or gelatinous : 


CLASS XXII. ORDER VY. 11} 


fruit in semi-transparent viscular membranes 
within the substance or under the general cuticle 
of the frond, either solitary or clustered. 57. 2— 
(glue seaweed.) 

Converva. Consisting of herbaceous tubes or 
fibres, generally separated within by transverse 
partitions ; seeds scattered through the joints, or 
contained in solitary closed tubercles attached to 
the tubes or fibres. 57, 2—(green hair, frog’s- 
spittle.) 


Orper V. Licuenes.* 


A. Receptacle none ; propago naked, scattered or 
aggregate. 


LeprarrA+. Effiorescence sub-globular, scat- 
tered loosely over a crustaceous base, which it 
often covers entirely : frond crustaceous, indeter- 
minate. 57. 2—(leprous-like lichen.) 
Sritoma. FE fflorescence in shapeless superfi- 
‘cial masses, woolly and powdery, rigid ; trond 
crustaceous mostly indeterminate, but sometimes 
bordered, thin and uniform, 57. 2—/(eillorescent 
lichen.) | 


* This order is wholly copied from the system of Achari- 
us, translated by Doct. Smith. Acharius has since subdivid- 
ed Parmelia, Baemyces, &c. by giving generic names to the 
sections of species. 

+ Sprengal considers the three first genera as the rudi- 
ments of others. 

+ Young boianists who have not been informed to what 
department of nature the word Jichen applies, may be told, 
that the following substances are lichens. The spots on 
rocks and stones which are white, yellow, black, &c. sprin- 
kled over with dots resembling fly-dirt upon window-glass. 
Also the whitish green patches on old fences, trees, &c. and. 
the substance on trees of a fibrous structure and firm tex- 

ture, usually called moss. It differs from moss in being 
eer tough and hard, and generally less green. 


12s CLASS XXII. ORDER V. 


B. Receptaclest composed of a peculiar compact 
hardish subsiance, not in any manner formed out 
of the frond. from which it differs in colour, be- 
mg often black, ° 


1, Receptacles open, 


Varrotaria. Receptacles seated on a thick 
tartarous crust, which supplies them with an ac- 
cessory border ; their disk is occupied with an 
assemblage of powdery substance: the frond is 
generally determinate. ‘This genus was suppos- 
ed to have no receptacle, until Dr. Smith detect- 
ed the error, 57. 2—(small-pox lichen.) 

Orrcrapnua. Clefis black, sessile, oblong or 
Jinear, simple, cenfiuent or branched, strait or 
zigzag, bordered : their disk fiat or slightly con- 
cave, naked or powdery, narrow, linear, rarely 
dilated : their border is ef their own substance, 
often very narrow and_ scarcely perceptible, 
sometimes tumid, elevated, and sometimes inflex- 
ed: frond crustaceous, uniform, thin, generally 
indeterminate, occasionally leprous. 57. 2—(let- 
tered lichen.) 

Lecipes. Spangles sessile, with a flattish or 
convex disk : frond various, crustaceeus ; uni- 
form and limited, scattered and indeterminate, 
leafy, membranous, or stellate. 57. 2—(spangled 
lichen.) 

Cauicium. Puffs turbinate, lenticular, or 
nearly globose: generally elevated on a rigid 
simple stalk of a different substance from the 


+ As the student will find nothing on lichens like those 
organs denominated the fructification of phenogamous plants, 
he may be told that by receptacles are here meant those 
specks or dots mentioned in the last note, or those saucer- 
form substances on the large greenish patches on fences, 

The different kinds of receptacles, characterizing the 
genera, are enumerated under the definition of this order, 
at the Sth page of the introduction. They are here printed 
in italics. These must be examined first, in analyzing an — 
unknown Lichen. 


CLASS XXII. ORDER Y. 113 


erust: frond crustaceous, leprous or tartarous, 
uniform or scattered, powdery and granulated 
or solid and chequered, or somewhat leafy and 
imbricated. This genus was confounded with 
the fungi, till distinguished by Persoon. 57. 2— 
(fungus lichen.) 


2. Receptacles closed, at lengih opening. 


Gyrornora. Buttons superficial flattish : frond 
leafy, peltate, between membranous and leafy. 57, 
2—(button lichen, shoe-leather.) 

Baruetium. Receptacles sessile, sub-globose, 
opening by a deciduous lid, hollow, from 1 to 3 
cells lined with seeds : frond crustaceous, inde- 
terminate, uniform. 57. 2. 

~Verrvucarra. Tubercles elevated, discharg- 
ing their chained seeds by a terminal pore, or 
else they fall out entire: frond thin crustaceous, 
uniform. Very minute. 57. 2—(inite lichen.) 

-Ewnpvocarpon. Follows hidden in the substance 
of the frond, each opening by a little mouth: 
seeds enclosed in cells : frond membranous, some- 
what crustaceous, of a determinate figure; so 
united to the substance of the receptacles as to 
appear of a piece, excepting a little difference of 
‘colour. 57. 2—(hidden lichen.) 


‘C. Receptacles formed of the frond itself, with 
which it agrees in substance and colowr: seeds 

(excepting of the spherophoran) enclosed in pro- 
per cells. 


1. Receptacles compound, either pierced or gaping. 


» Tuetorrema. Receptacles compound ; the 
outer ones wart-like, elevated, of the substance of 
~the crust , inner ones somewhat globular, with a 
concave disk ; frond a firm, continued, indeter- 
Sninate crust, 57, 2—(crust lichen.) 

a K 2 


a. 


lié CLASS XXII. ORDER VY. 


2. Receptacles wr Ahm closed 3 at lengtiz 
rsting. . cet 


SPHAEROPHORON. Cellules nearly globose 
each enclosing a roundish balk of naked compact 
seeds, which turns to black powder, and is dis- 
charged by the torn orifice, leaving the cellule 
hollow and empty: frond shrubby, branched, 
solid, rigid, tartarous or minutely fibrous within ; 
with a smooth cartilaginous coat. A very elegant. 
genus resembling coral. 57. 2—(seed-ball lichen.) 

Isrpium. Receptacle of the seeds terminal, 
subdiscoid, solid, varicus in thickness, covered 
with, and shining through, the crust of the papil- 
Jae of the frond, which at length bursts, and each 
receptacle appears coloured and partly exposed : 
slobules aiso either terminate each papilla or are 
nearly sessile on the crust itself ; which are colour- 
ed and finally fall out, leaving pits at the sum- 
mits of the branches : frond crustaceous, leprous 
and tartarous, cracked. rather indeterminate ; ei- 
ther papiliary only or throwing up solid branches. 
Resembles sphaerophoron ; but differsin having a 
hase, terminal globules, &c. 57. 2—(coral lichen.) 


3. Receptacics orbicular, open ; their border of the 
colour of the frond, surrounding a variously-co- 
lowred disk. 

Urcroraria. Shields or spangles cup-form, va- 
viously coloured, sunk into the substance of the 
crust, or of its fragments or warts: disk concave, 
rarely becoming flattish by age, but never ele- 
vated above the crust, proper border often scarce- 
ty manifest, of the colour of the disk ; the ac- 
ressory berder sometimes formed of the crust el- 
evated like a ring surrounding the disk of each 
shield : frond crustaceous, tartarous, uniform, de- 
terminate, chequered or cracked, rarely figured 
or lobate. Often found on stones, &c. and some 
species are inseperable from the stones on which 
they grow. 57, 2—(pitcher-shield lichen.) 


CLASS XXII. ORDER VY. 115 


ParmMevia. Shields superficial or elevated. 
thick or sub-membranous, flattish, convex or con- 
cave, crowned with a free accessory border : 
rond various, crustaceous, leafy, branched or la- 
ciniated, cartilaginous, membranous or gelatin- 
ous. A vast genus. One of its best characters 
is that the shield has no border of its own sub- 
stance ; but always has an accessary one of the 
substance of the crust. 57. 2—(shield lichen.) 


4. Receptacles flattened, nearly destitute of a bor- 

der ; their upper side entirely covered with a thin 
seed-bearing disk, of considerable solidity at the 
surface. 


SrictTa. Shields on the upper side of the 
frond, sessile, close-pressed, orbicular, membra- 
naceous ; their disk flat, rarely somewhat con- 
vex ; their border accessory, thin, entire, free. 
slightly-tumid, rarely fringed, of the colour of 
the frond: pits among the down of the under side, 
scattered, sessile, minute, coloured : their disk. 
roundish, powdery ; border elevated, a litile in- 
flated, entire or jagged, sometimes obliterated : 
frond leafy, membranous, or in some measure 
leathery, lobed or jagged, downy or shaggy be- 
neath. The pits on the back of the frond form 
the best of its characters. 57. 2—(pit-back lichen.) 

Perripea. Targets closely attached to the 
frond about the margin on the upper or under 
side, rarely lateral or towards the middle, each 
consisting entirely of a fiattish (rarely concave) 
coloured disk » border accessory, very thin and 
scarcely discernible, united with the frond and of 
the same colour : frond rather leathery, with 
downy veins and fibres beneath, rarely naked ; 
the circumference lobed, its barren lobes depress- 
ed, fertile ones elongated, ascending, naked at 

the base. Best distinguished trom the sticta by 
having prominent veins or ribs underneath, and 
mo pits. 57, 2—(target lichen.) 


116, CLASS XXII, ORDER V, . 


Cerraris. Targets shield-like, thickish, fist. 
close-pressed, sessile, near the margin ;. their 
circumference loose, rounded, deformed or wavy, 
disk coloured, slightly convexme border accesso- 
ry, very narrow, entire or crenate, of the colour 
of the frond: frond leafy, membranous or sub- 
cartilaginous, rigid, smooth and naked on both 
rides ; sometimes céllular or a lobed and 
jagged ; often crisped at the es. ‘The recep- 
tacles are rather between shields and targets ; 
well distinguished from Peltidea by its smooth, 
polished, membranous, sub-rigid frond. 57, 2— 
(iceland lichen.) nie of 
Cornicunaria. Orbs shield-like, terminal,. 
peltate, thickish, cartilaginous, orbicular, flat 5 
at length rather convex, uneven, irregular; disk 
generally of the colour of the frond ; border 
scarcely any, except in a young state a straight 
accessory one, entire, naked, or radiated, at 
length reflexed : frond cartilaginous, rigid, 
smooth, rather selid, spongy within, of a shrub- 
by tufted branched habit, the branches acute. 
Resembles the Parmelia in the frond and the Us- 
nea in the fruit. 57. 2—(horned lichen.) — 
Usxxra. Orbs sub-coriaceous, flattened, pel- 
tate, naked and smooth on both sides, mostly 
much dilated ; disk first concave, then flat, even, 
subsequently rather convex and cracked, or war- 
ty, scarcely coloured; border either none or ac- 
cessory, Which is entire or toothed in the circum- 
ference, very oelten radiated : knobs on the same, 
or on a different plant, which are sessile, lateral, 
scatiered ; at first shield-like and sometimes in a 
manner bordered, finally convex and warty, col- 
eured. ‘This is the filamentous lichen, tapering, 
more or less jointed, having a central elastic me- 
dullary thread. It is sometimes called tree-moss. 
57, 2—(filamentous lichen, or tree-moss.) 
CUS y 


CLASS XXII. ORDER VI. 117 


5 Receptacles convex, more or less globose, cloth- 
ed with a seed-bearing layer, or disk, sessile on 
the branches, papillary processes, or peculiar 
stalks of the frond ; terminal and permanent. 


STEREOCAULON. A’nobs sub-turbinate, at first 
furnished with a proper border, then globose, 
without stalks, simple or clustered, coloured, per- 
manent ; disk at first flat and small, but gradual- 
ly occupying the whole; the border of the same 
uninterrupted substance and colour, entire, at 
length obliterated: frond solid, almost woody, 
caulescent, erect, branched, mostly clothed with 
scales, rough and fibrous. 57. 2—(knobbed lich- 
en. 

Baremyces. Knobs capitate, nearly globose, 
with refiexed and scarcely bordered edges, ter- 
minating their own proper fruit stalks, simple or 
clustered, coloured, permanent: disk properly 
none, the whole globose surface being covered 
with the thin, solid, seed-bearing coat ; border 
none: frond either subcrustaceous, softish, granu- 
lated, indeterminate, rarely figured ; or consisting 
of a cartilaginous, leafy and lobed crust: fruit 
stalks elongated out of the very substance of the 
frond, simple or branched, tubular or nearly solid, 
dilated or tapering upwards, sometimes barren. 
57. ec aentlet-mouth lichen, brittle moss.) 


Orper VI. Fune. 


_ AGarticus. Fungus with gills underneath. 53. 
1—(mushroom, toadstool.) 

Mervotivus. Fungus with veins underneath, 
58. 1—(veined fungus.) 

Botetrus. Fungus with pores underneath. 58. 
1—(touchwood. ) 

THAELAEPHORA. Fungus warty underneath, 
the substance corky. 58. 1—(pink fungus. ; 

Hypnum. Fungus prickly underneath, 58. 1, 
—(prickly toadstool, paper punk.) 


Ls 


118 CLASS XXII. ORDER VI. 


Morettvus.* Fungus reticulate or cellular 
above, smooth underneath. 58. 1—(morel.) 

Hetveita. Fungus turbinate, plaited, wrin- 
kled, infiateJ, deformed or concave, smooth, elas- 
tically ejecting seeds from the upper surface. 58. 
1—(smooth-cup fungus. ) 

Cravaris. Fungus club-form, erect, elongat- 
ed, simple or branched: seeds dispersed over the 
whole surface, or collected in tubercles opening at 
top. 58. 1—(club-fungus.) 

CrLaTurvus. Fungus roundish, cancellated with 
fleshy branches interwoven with each other. 58. 1 
—<(latticed fungus.) : 

Prziza. Fungus concave above ; hemispher- 
ical or beliform ; seeds contained in the cup. 58. 
i—(dish fungus. ) 

Cyaruus. Fungus bellform or ,cylindric, 
bearing lentiform capsules within. 58. 1—(bird- 
nest fungus, tunnel fungus.) 

Lycoperpon. Fungus becoming powdery and 
fibrous within : seeds attached internally to the 
fibres. 58. 1—(puffball.) 

Fuxrieo. Fungus withacellular-fibrous bark ; 
the fibres penetrating in-a reticulate manner 
through a fibrous mass. 58. 1—(seot fungus.) 

STEMONITIS. Fungus covered with a fugace- 
ous or membranaceous bark, filled with seminif- 
erous fibres elastically expanding themselves. 58.1 
—(brittle-bark puff bali.) 

EcIDIUM. Fungus furnished with membra- 
naceous cases, glabrous on both sides, tilled with 
naked seeds not cohering. 58. 1—(cased fungus.) 

SpHAERIA. Fungus furnished with cases illed 
with roundish naked gelatinous seeds. 58. 1— 
{globule fungus.) 

SCLEROTIUM. Fungus quite simple, globular- 
oblong, tough, hardish, gaping a little at length 
in the centre, covered with au inseparable bark 


* A substitute for a vile name. 


ey 


CLASS XXII. ORDER VI. 119 


never opening above. 58. 1—(barked fungus.) 

Urepo. Fungus parasitical, consisting of a 
mealy powder, destitute of a case, growing from 
under the cuticles of leaves and stems, bu rsting at 
last, with an even margin. 58. 1—(blight, or 
grain-rust.) 

TuBercunariA. Fungus gelatinous : cup tu- 
bercled: stalk thick, filled, closely appressed, 
bearing the seeds on the upper surface. 58. 1— 
(tubercle fungus.) 

Mucor. Fungus fugacious, heads at first se- 
mi-transparent, then becoming opake, fixed to 
simple or branched stalks. 58. 1—(common 
mould.) 

- Monta. Consisting of moniliform filaments 
clustered into a head. 58. i—(bead fungus.) 

XytostTromaA. Fungus leathery, expanded, de- 
formed, penctrating, smooth. even : seeds among 
the fibres, globular minute. 58, 1—(leather punk, 
or oak leather.) 


END OF PART If. 


BREVIATIONS. 
LocALITIES. 


H. Harvard college. Plants which growin the 
vicinity of Boston. - - 

Y. Yale college. Plants which grow in the vi- 
cinity of New-Haven. 

C. Columbia college. Plants which grow a- 
Hout New-York. 

W. Williams college. Plants which grow in 
the vicinity of that Kallen, 

N. Northampton. Plants which grow along 
Connecticut river from Northampton to Deerfield. 
For these localities Lam indebted to Dr. D. 
Hunt, and Drs. Williams and Cooly of Deerfield. 

A. Albany. Plants growing in the vicinity of 
Albany. For these localities I am indebted to 
Dr. Beck, Mr. J. G.Tracy and Mr. Edwin James. 

Pp. Pennsylvania. 

O. Ommibus locis. Plants more or jless com-~- 
mon to all the above places. 

Coxours oF Corots. 

r. red—p. purple—y. yellow—w. white—b. 
blue—g. green- 

_ Time oF FLOWERING. 

Ap. April—M. May—J.June—Ju. July—Au. 
Auzgust—S. September—Qc. October. 

Duration, &c. | 

m, annual—%. biennial—Y. perennial— h < 
woody. 

{he number annexed to the generic name re- 
fers to the page, where the generic character is 
given. By this arrangement, all the purposes of 
an index are answered. 

it is not to be understood by students, that 
plants referred to any of the above places may not 
be found in piaces very distant from them. But 
it will be useful in collecting plants, to know what 
species have been found in the latitude of the 
aie where plants are sought, or in places in 
other respects resembling it. 


we 
SPECIES OF PLANTS 


IN THE 
NORTHERN AND MIDDLE STATES. 


SG 


A 


ACALYPHA. Page 96, ° 


wirginica (three-seed mercury, QO. g. Au. ©.) 
leaves lance-ovate longer than the petioles. 
The large calyx is involucre-like, and resem- 
bles that of the corylus americana. 


AcER, 54. 


rubrum (soft maple, red maple. O. r. Ap. h.) 
leaves 5-lobed, unequally sub-dentate, glaucous 
beneath : flowers in sessile umbels. Rareiy 
dioecious. Germs red. 

dasycarpum (silver maple. P. r-y. hk.) leaves 5- 
lobed, acuminate, pubescent beneath : flowers 
dioecious, giomerate: germ tomeutose. 

 Saccharinum (sugar maple. O,. y-r. M. 2.) leaves 
5-parted, palinate, sinuate, acuminate-tooth- 
ed, pubescent beneath. Polygamous. 

striatum (false dogwood, stri bE maple bush, in- 
dian tobacco. O. g. M. kh.) stem marked with 
white longitudinai lines : leaves 3-lobed, acu- 
minate, serrate ; racemes pendant : petals oval. 

spicatwm (mountain maple-bush. W. S. P. C. g. 

M. hk.) leaves ers and 5-lobed, acuminate, 


122 ACER, ACROSTICHUM. 


unequally serrate, downy beneath : racemes 
erect, spike-like : petals linear. : 
negunds (ash-leaf mapie, box elder. P.w. Ap. » .) 
eaves unequally pinnate : Towers dioecious. 
nigrum (swect tree. C. P. N. Ap. bh.) leaves pal- 
mate-5-lobed. cordate with the sinuse closed, 
downy beneath: flowers corymbed : capsules 
sub-globose. 


ACHILLAEA, 87. 


millefolium (yarrow. O, w.J.2/.) leaves 2-pinnate, 
sub-glabrous, divisions of the leafets linear, 
toothed, 


. 


AcniIpA, 99. 


cannabina (water hemp. Y. P. C. H. Ju. ©.) 
leaves lanceolate : capsules smoothish, acute- 
angled. 

rursocarpa (P. Ju. &.) leaves lance-oval: cap- 
sules obtuse-angied, rugose. 


ACONITUM, 65. 


aapellus (monk’s hood. E. b. J. 2.) flower cowl- 
ed; spur strait, obtuse ; lip lanceolate, bifid : 
leaves 5-parted. 

ancinatum (wolf-bane. P. b. S. Y.) stem zigzag : 
flowers With about 5-styles : leaves many-iobed. 


Acorts, 51. 
calamus Meiccc O.-y.5. 2.) ae project- 
ing from the side of a sword-iorm leaf. 


ACROSTICHUM, 101. 


aureum (fork-fern. Ju. 2.) frond pinnate with 
alternate leafets, fruit on the upper leafets. 


ACTAEA, JESCHYNOMENE. 1235 
: eo 
AcCTAEA, 64. ! 


rubra (bane-berry. O. w. M. 2.) petals acute ; 
pedicels of the raceme less than the general pe- 
duncle. Big. MS. Berries red. 
alba (necklace weed. O. w. M. Y.) petals trun- 
cate : pedicels of the raceme as larze as the 
ons peduncle. Big. MS. Berries wiite. 
‘here has been much confusion respecting 
’ these two species. -Dr. Bigelow has at length 
very satisfactorily defined them. 


ADIANTUM, 103. 


pedatum, (maidenhair. O. J. u.) frond pedate 
branches pinnate, leafets halved. 


Aponts, 67. 


aulumnalis (pheasant’s eye. E. Au, ©.) flowers 
5 to 8-petailed ; fruit sub-cylindric. 


JE.cipium, 118. 


cornutum, (cased fungus) clustered : yellew : cas- 
es long, curved, olive-grey. 

rhamni, clustered : cylindric : rosy : seeds orange. 

cancellatum, clustered : opening laterally, entire 
at top. 

_ tussilaginis, clustered: rather prominent: yellow : 

seed orange. 

anemones, solitary : scattered: nearly globular. 


JESCHYNOMENE, 31a 
hispida (false sensitive plant. P. y. Au. ©.) stem 


1erbaceous, hispid : leaves linear obtuse: ra- 
cemes simple : loments hispid. 


a < 


124 ##ZESCULUS, AGARICUS, 
AL SCULUS, 53. 


hippocastanum (horse chesnut. E. J. b-) leaves 
igitate, divisions about 5 : @erol 5-petalled. 


AGARICUS, 117. 


‘A. Stem with a ring, without a curtain. 

procerus, widely conic, bossed, white brown : 

gills white, uniform, fixed to a collar: stem 

scaly. : 

_ campestris (eatable mushroom) convex, whitish- 

brown, spotted : gills pink, becoming liver-col- 
our: stem white. 

LB. Stem without ring or wrapper. 


violaceus, convex, purplish-brown, inflected at the 
edge : gills purple : stem purplish, bulbous. 
radicatus, greenish or brownish, obtusely coni- 
cal: gills white, few: stem brown, tapering up- 
wards. tasks 
flavidus, yellow, obtusely conic: gills deep buff : 
stem pale yellow, brownish at the base. 
Jascicularis, yeiow and orange : gills brown- 
green: stein yellow, long, crooked. 
C. Exuding a juice when crushed. 


coccineus, scarlet, conic, smail : stem long, sol- 
id, a little crooked, woolly atthe base. 
piperatus, dirty-ycllow-white, woolly, depressed 
in the center: gills pale pinky-red : stem pale 
yellow : juice milky, peppery. 
D. Smooth, membranous or fleshy : cap and gills 
coriaceous. 


castaneus, smooth, silky, chesnut : gills tender, 
red-brown: stem linear, white, hollow, elastic. 

velutipes, clustered, reddish-buff : oe pale yel- 
Jow, 8 ina set: stem yellow and dark brown, 
velvety below. 


re 
Fu 
- 


AGARICUS. 125 


. 

coriaceus, depressed-convex, fleshy-ochre : gills 
pale brown, thicker above. 

semiglobatus, greenish-yellow, hemispherical °: 
gills brown, mottled : stem pale buff. 

clavus, pale orange or scarlet, depressed-conyex : 
gills white, in pairs: stem pale orange, slen- 
der, solid. 

campanella, conic-conyex. bossed, glabrous, stri- 
ate, saffron: gills pale-sulphur colour: stem 
slender, saffron. 


E. Smooth, tender, mostly pellucid, with the cap stri- 
ate and plaited ; generally of an uniform colour. 


gracilis, somewhat conic clastic, dry : gills few, 
trifid, red : stem very long, slender. 
confertus, white, acutely conic, downy: gills 
brownish-white, thin uniform : stem white, ta- 
pering upwards. 
rotula, hemispheric, white, crenate : gills fixed 
to acollar surrounding the stem: stem black 
‘at the bottom, often branched. 
conicus, beliform, acute, shining, livid, striate : 
gills white : stem hollow, grey. 
papyraceus, White, hemispherical, membranous : 
ills 3 ina set, blackish when old : stem hol- 
ow. 
narcoticus, convex with forked plaits: gills grey, 
in pairs : stem subulate, white. 


¥, Cap opake, conic : gills sooty when old, and dis- 
solving into a black sanies : stem hollow. 


ginereus, Warty-grey, striate, brown inthe centre: 
gills grey, not reaching the stem: stem white. 
AL 


G. Stemiless. ae 
mollis, deformed, red buff: gillsin pairs reddish- 
Thess 


These species were chieily taken from Muhlen- 
berg. ] 


% L 2 


126 AGAVE, AGROSTIS. 
AGAVE, 49. 


virginica, (agave. P. y-g. S. 2!.) stemless : leaves 
with cartilaginous serratures, scape very sim- 
ple. 


AGRIMONTA, 61. 


eupatoria (agrimony. O. y. Au. {.) cauline leaves 
interruptedly pinnate, the terminal one petiol- 
ed: fruit hispid. 

parciflora (dotted agrimony. P. y. Au. 2.) cau- 
line leaves pinnate ; leafets mostly lanceolate: 
terminal ones sessile, petals one and a half the 
length of the calyx. 


AGROSTEMMA, 59. 


githago, (cockle. O. r. J. ©.) hirsute ;: ealyx and. 
corol about equal ; petals entire. 

‘coronaria (rose campion. E. Au. 3.) tomentose : 
leaves lance-ovate : petals emarginate. 


AGROSTIS, 50. 


1. Awned. 

‘spicaventi (bent-grass. P. J. ©.) a very long 
straight stiff beard, or awn, upon the exterior 
petal: panicle spreading. Naturalized. 

tenuiflora (P. Au. 2.) panicles very simple with 
appressed branches : corol awned, and the awn 
longer than the flower. 

aes (P. Au, 44.) branches diffused and erect : 

eaves lanceolate, sub-perforate : corol glumes 
sub-pubescent at the base: one -valve with a 
short strait awn. | 

sericea (C. P. J. 2.) leaves terete-filiform very 
long: panicle capillary, very slender : corol 
small, and the calyx but one third as longs 
awns strait naked. 

Jiliformis (P. §. If.) panicle contracted, filiform, 


AGROSTIS. 197 


becoming purple ; peduncles and pedicels scab- 
rous: calyx 2-valved, equal, 1-flowered : corol 
equalling the calyx. 

stricta (New-England. J. 2.) panicles elongated 
stiff: corols less than the calyx : awn from the 
base of the petal, longer than the twisted flow- 
er. 

setosa (P. S. 4.) culm erect, sending out shoots 
from the base : stipules none : panicle contract- 
ed, cylindric : calyx awned : corol awnless. 

sobolifera (P. C. S. 2.) culm erect sending off 
shoots from the base: leaves 5-nerved: sti- 
pules none : sheathes gaping, glabrous : calyx 
valves acuminate, carinate. 

juncea (C. P. Ju. 2.) panicle oblong-pyramidal : 
flowers awnless ; the extreme valves half as 
large: leaves stifly erect, rigid with convolute 
bristles. 


2. Without awns. 


involuta (P. C. Oc. 2.) leaves long, filiform at the 
apex and recurved, rough, upper one strait ; 
stipules obsolete. 

vulgaris (redtop. O. Ju. UY.) panicle spreading : 
branches divergent capillary: calyx equal ; 
petal within, half as long, retuse. 

elanidestina (P. S, 4.) leaves glancous, very long, 
rigid, with rough margins : stipule very small 
or none; mouth of the sheath hairy: panicle 
concealed, often sooty, and spike-form : corol 
twice as long as the calyx, spotted. 

virginica (P. C. 8.) culm geniculate and branch- 
ing at the base : leaves hairy at the base ; sti- 
pule 0; mouth of the sheath hairy around the 
culm: panicles lateral and terminal, spike- 
form, lower ones concealed : seed transparent. 

glanca (P. New-England. J. 2.) leaves glancous, 
keel white : stipule white split: panicle termi- 
nal crouded ; lower branches whorled in fives. 


alba (white top. QO. Jue 2.) panicle lax: culm 


128 AGROSTIS, AIRA. 


rooting at the lower joints: calyx valves 
equal, awnless, keels rough. __ 

mexicana (P. J. 2.) panicle oblong heaped to- 
gether : calyx and corol acuminate, subequal, 
awnless. ' 

lateriflora (C. P. J. %.) panicles lateral and ter- 
minal compact: flowers awnless, valves very 
acute, interior greater, bearded at the base ; 
leaves short and flat. 

pungens (C. J. 2.) panicle contracted, spike- 
form: leaves involute rigid, pungent, upper 
ones obliquely opposite : culm ramose. 


AIRA, $1. 


melicoides (hair-grass. P. ©. Ju. 2%.) panicle 
small compact sub-racemed: glume common, 
the partial ones rather larger, linear-lanceo- 
Jate awnless: corols villose at the base ; there 
is but the rudiment of a third flower: leaves 
flat glabrous : culm erect. 

pumila (dwarf hair-grass. P. J. %.) panicle few- 

- flowered, level-top ; pedicels short : corol awn- 
less. obtuse,. twice as long as calyx: culm 
erect, of the length of the leaves. About one 
inch high. 

sbtusata (P. C. J.) panicle compressed into an ob- 
long raceme of dense flowers : coro] awnless 
compressed at top : one valve of the glume nar- 
row-linear acute, another broad obovate round- 
obtuse: leaves flat: culm erect slender. 

cespitosa (P. New-England. J. 2.) panicle 
spreading : petals awned, villose at the base: 
awns strait and short. A variety has sub- 
bristleform leaves. 

flexuosa (W. P. C. J. 2.) panicle spreading tri- 

' chotomous: peduncle flexuous: awn genicu- 
late: leaves bristle-form : culm nakedish. 

mollis (P. C. M. 24.) leaves with soft hairs: sti- 
pule short, retuse, many-cleft ; sheaths pubes- 


a ee 


/ 


AIRA, ALLIUM. 129 


cent: panicle spreading, sub-simple : calyx with 
one valve broad, 3-nerved ; the other lanceo- 
late, acute. 

pallens (P. C. J. & S. 2.) leaves lance-linear 
glabrous with glabrous joints : stipules retuse 
ciliate : panicle contracted nodding : coro! with 
2 punctate valves ; awn below the apex con- 

 torted. 

precox (C. M. ©.) leaves bristle-form : sheath 
angular: flowers in panicled-spikes: florets 
awned at the base. 

purpurea (C. Au.) panicle scattered, purple : 

owers awned ; glumes, one bifid awned at the 

nerve, the other entire, plumose, concave : 
leaves subulate: culm erect. Grows on the 
seashore. ‘Torrey. 


ALETRIS, 50. 


farinosa (false aloe, unicorn-root. Y. y. 2%.) 
stemless: leaves linear-lanceolate, withering 
at the tips: scape with alternate flowers. This 
aa grows plentifully in Brimfield, (Mass.) 

ere the inhabitants use the root as a tonic, 
which at the same time serves as a moderate 
cathartic. The rootis intensely bitter. 


ALISMA, 53. 


planiago (water plantain. O. w. Ju. 2.) leaves 
ovate acute: fruit obtusely 3-cornered. A tri- 

. Vialis. Pursh. 

parviflora (C. P. Ju. Y.) leaves. oval, subcordate, 
abruptly-acuminate, 5-nerved : umbels in 
whorled panicles, pedicelled, filiform. 

Subulaia (C. P. Au. ©.) leaves linear-subulate, 


ALLIuM, 49. 
porrum (leek. E. Ju. 2 .) stem flat-leaved, um- 


130 ALLIUM, ALNUS. 


belliferous: stamens tricuspidate : leaves shea‘i)- 
ing at the base. 

sativum (garlic. E. Ju. YL.) stem fiat-leaved, 
bulb-bearing ; bulb compound: stamens tricus- 
pidate, : | 

vineale (field garlic. C. P. p. J. 2/.) stem terete- 
leaved, bulb-bearing: stamens tricuspidate, | 

aleraceum (striped onion. §, 2.) stem terete- 
leaved, bulb-bearing : leaves scabrous, seini- 
terete. sulcate beneath : stamens simple. 

ascdonicum (shallot. E. Ju. 2.) scape naked 
terete : leaves subulate : ambels globose: sta- 
niens tricuspidate. 

trifiorum (mountain leek, P.M. 2.) scape naked, 
terete, shorter than the leaves 3 leaves Janceo- 
late nerved : umbels few-fowered, 

canadense (meadow garlic. P. ¥. A.r. M. 2.) 
scape naked terete : leaves linear : little heads 
bulb-bearing. 

cepa (garden onion. E. Ju. 2.) scape naked, 
sweiling towards the base, longer than the te- 
rete leaves. 

tricoccum (three-seed leek. P. W. Jn. %.) scape 
naked, semiterete : leaves lance-oblong, flat, 
glabrous : umbe! globular. 

Jistulosum (welch onion. E. 22 scape naked, 
equalling the terete ventricose leaves. 


schoenoprasum (cives. E. Ju. 2/.) scape naked, 


equalling the leaves which are terete-filiform. 
AINUS, 92, 


incana (P. h.) leaves oblong acute, pubescent 
beneath ; axils of the veins naked: stipules 
lanceolate. 

undulata (waved alder, Muh. says it grows in N, 
England. h.) leaves oblong, acute, rounded at 
the base: petioles and veins hairy beneath : 
axils of the veins naked: stipules ovate-ob- 
long. 


ALNUS, ALYSSUM. 131 


serrulata (alder. 0. r-g. Ap. h.) leaves obovate, 
acuminate ; veins and their axils hairy : sti- 
pules oval, obtuse. 

Slutinosa (Canada. Ap. hb .) leaves round-wedge- 

- form, obtuse, glutinous: axils of the vers 

_ downy. 


ALOPECURUS, SC. 


pratensis (meadow-grass, foxtail. P. C. J. 2.) 
-culnverect: glume viliose ; coro! beardless. 
geniculatus (floating foxtail. W. H.C. Ju. 2.) 
culm spiked and geniculate ; cerol beardless, 


ALSINE, 47. 


media (chickweed. O. w. M. 2.) stem with al- 
ternate lines of hairs on the sides : petals 2- 
parted ; leaves heart-ovate. 


ALTHABA, 77. 


officinalis (marsh mallows. E. 2/.) leaves downy, 
oblong-ovate : obsoletely 3-lobed, toothed. 

rosea (hollyhock. E. 6.) stem erect: leaves 

' rough, heart-form, 5 to 7-angied, crenate. 

Jicifolia (fig-hollyhock. E. %.-) leaves 7-lobed, 
subpalmate, obtuse. 


ALYsetm, 73. 


sexatile (madwort, basket of gold, E. kh.) stem 
woody, panicled: leaves lanceolate, very soft 
spreading. 

apaisrcum (Canada.) stem herbaceous: leaves 

cary, toothed; stamens 4, 2-forked. 

sativum (P. y. J. ©.) stem erect: leaves lance- 
‘olate, toothed, clasping, alternate: flowers co- 
rymbed, Pn 

incanum (KE, ?!. & 4.) stem erect : leaves lance- 
olate, entire, hoary ; flowers corymbed, petals 
2-cleft, 


132 AMARANTHUS, 


AMARANTHUS, 93. 


albus (white coxcomb. P. gaw. Au. ©.) glome- 
rules axillary triandrous: leaves obovate re- 
tuse : stem 4-cornered simple. Common gar- 
den weed. 

graecizans (P. Au. ©.) glomerules axillary tri- 
androus : flowers 3-cleft : leaves obovate emar- 
ginate : stem teretish branching. 

melaacholicus (love-lies-bleeding. E. r. @.) glo- 
merules axillary peduncled roundish: leaves 
ovate-lanceolate coloured. 

tricolor (three-coloured coxcomb. E. Ju. ©.) glo- 
merules sessile: leaves oblong-lanceolate co- 
loured. 

fividus (lead amaranth. E. J. ©.) glomerules 


triandrous sub-spiked roundish : leaves eliptic — 


retuse : stem erect. | 

eleraceus (pot amaranth. Y. W. A. C. Ju. ©.) 
glomerules axillary branching: leaves wrin- 
kied, oblong, very obtuse, emarginate. Some- 
times the flowers are pentandrous, 

hybridus (P. Y. Ju. ©.) racemes pentandrous 
doubly-compeund, heaped together, erect : 
leaves ovate-lanceolate. 

paniculatus (P. Ju. ©.) racemes pentandrous trip- 
jy-compound : branches spreading pubescent : 
leaves ovate-lanceolate. | 

vetroflexus (rough amaranth. P. W. H. Au. %.) 
racemes pentandrous, triply-compound, com- 
pact, erect: branches pubescent: leaves ovate 
undulate. 

hypochoniriacus (spleen amaranth. P. Au. @.) 
racemes pentandrous, compound, compact, 
erect: leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate. 
Leaves red. (false prince’s feather.) 


spinosus (i. Au...) racemes pentandrous, ter- — 


minal, compound ; axils spinose. 


; 
, 
t 
P 
: 


| 
’ 
, 
2 
| 
j 
: 
4 
; 
f 


—_ 
_— wa, 


AMARYLLUS, AMMANNIA, 135 


AMARYLLUsS, 49. 


atamasco (atamasco lily. P. w. J. 2.) spathe 

 Q-cleft, acute : flower pedicelled : corol bellform 
subequal, erect : stamens declined. 

formosissima (jacobea. E. 2{.) spathe 1-flowered: 
corol ringent-like : petals declined. 


AMBROSIA, 93. 


irifida (P.N. C. A. S. ©.) bristly, rough: leaves 

3-lobed serrate, lobes oval lanceolate acumin- 
_ate : fruit 6-spined beneath the apex. From 5 

to 8 feet high. 

integrifolia (¥. Ju. €.) leaves ovate sessile ac- 
cumimate serrate, bristly on both sides, ciliate 
at the base : racemes terminal, sometimes ter- 
nate. Flowers very inconspicuous. 

elatior (hogweed. Q. S. &.) leaves doubly-pin- 
natitied smoothish: petioles long ciliated: ra- 
cemes terminal, panicled : stem wand-like. 

arlenusifolia (P.S. @.) leaves doubly-pinnatitid, 
hoary beneath, at the summit pinnatifid : ra- 
tera terminal in threes : branches level-top- 
ped, ’ 

paniculata (P. J. @.) leaves glabrous doubly pin- 
natifid, at the pinnatitid summit: racemes ter- 
minal solitary : branches level topped. 

heterophylla (®. S. €.) cauline leaves pinnatifid 
sub-toothed petioled ; on the upper branches 
lanceolate sessile: petioles long-ciliate: ra- 
cemes terminal solitary : stem panicled, 


ot AMMANNIA, 35, 
humilis (tooth-cup. P. p. Au.) procumbent ; 


teaves lanceolate, narrewer downwards : tiowe 
ers all solitary. 
M 


134 AMMI, ANCHUSA, © 


AMMI, 45. 


capillacewm (bishop-weed. Ye w. Au.) leaves alk 
capillary, many-cleft: seed glabrous. = 


AMORPHA, 78. 


fruticosa (false indigo. P. Ju. bh.) calyx with 4- | 


teeth acute, and one accuminate. 


AMPELOPSIS, 42. 


quinguefolia (false grape, O. w. Ju. 2.) leaves in | 


fives, toothed. 


AMSONTIA, 45. 


4 


\ 


7 
| 


| ' 


latifolia (beard throat. b. M. 2.) stem glabrous : — 
eaves lance-oval, upper ones acuminate.— — 


Southern states. 


AMYGDALUS, 62. 


persica (peach. E. r. M. .) serratures of the | 


leaves all acute, flowers sessile, solitary. 


nana, (flowering almond. E. kh.) leaves ovate, 


tapering to the base, sharply serrate. 
ANAGALLIS, 38. 
arvensis (red chickweed, scarlet pimpernell. Y. 
C. P. H. vr. J. &.) stem spreading naked : 
petals entire flat, with hairs at the margin. 


ANCHUSA, 37. 


efficinalis (buglos. E. y. 2/.) leaves lanceolate : — 


spikes imbricate, one-sided : bracts ovate. 


| 
| 


f 


he 


ANDROMEDA. 135 


ANDROMEDA, 57. 


hypnoides (moss bush. Whitehills. Au. h .) leaves 

» imbricate subulate glabrous: peduncles solita- 
ry terminal 1-flowered : corol nodding globose 
bellform. Small, creeping. 

mariana (P. J. hb.) leaves oval sub-acute at 
both ends, glabrous leathery paler beneath : 
branches flower bearing, almost leafless : pe- 
duncles fascicled: corol ovate-cylindric ; ca- 
lyx leafy : anthers beardless: capsule ovate 
and resembling the form of a pine-apple. One 
variety has narrow lanceolate leaves. 

pulverulenta (dust-leaf. E. kh.) white dust-like 
substance, scattered over the leaves and stem ; 
leaves alternate. 

polifolia (Plainfield and Goshen. Mass.r-w. M.h .) 
leaves linear-lanceolate convex revolute, white- 

lanceus beneath and hoary-glancous aboye : 

_ flowers aggregate terminal ; corol sub-globose : 

eas bearded towards the top. One foot 
igh. 

arborea “wen tree. P. w. Ju. 2.) branches te- 
rete : leaves oblong acuminate mucronate-ser- 

_ rate glabrous: panicles terminal many-spiked : 
corol ovate-cylindric pubescent: anthers linear 
beardless. About 40 fect high, with sour 
leaves. 

paniculata (white bush. W. Y. A. C. H.w. J. h-} 
pubescent : leaves obovate-lanceolate acute 
sub-entire : branches fiower-bearing terminal 
panicled nakedish : glomerules peduncled : co- 

_ rol sub-globular pubescent: anthers obtuse 
beardless. A shrub running into several vari- 
eties—fiowers small. 

racemosa (P. C. w. J. hk.) leaves oval-lanceolate 
acute serrulate membranaceous glabrous : 
spikes terminal, one-way, elongated, simple or 
branched : bracts linear acute: corel cylindric : 


136 ANDROMEDA, ANDROPOGON. 


calyx acute with bracts at the base: anthers 
doubly 4-bearded at the apex. A middling | 
sized shrub, odoriferous. 7 
axillaris (E. w.J. ».) leaveg oblong-oval, base 
acute short acuminate, cartilagimous-serrate | 
bright-glabrous leathery : racemes spiked ax- _ 
ilary sessile : bracts scale-like : flowers crowd- | 
ed on all sides : corol ovate-cylindric : anthers” 
beardiess. A variety has long linear-lanceo- 
late leaves. ts : 
acuminata (pipe-stem. Southern states. w-r. M. 
kh.). very glabrous : leaves ovate-lanceolate ; 
upwards they gradually become narrow acu- © 
minate entire or unequally serrate, glabrous © 
shining net-veined leathery : racemes axillary 
very short corymbed nakedish ; fiowers pedi- © 
- eelled nodding : corols cylindric-ovate, anthers | 
beardless, gibbous behind. Stem hollow. — 
calyculata (leather leaf. Y. C. H. A. P. N. w. M. | 
_ kh.) leaves lanceolate-oblong sub-serrulate, © 
with scaly dots, rust-coloured beneath : ra- 
cemes terminal leafy flowers turned one way: — 
calyx with 2 broad-ovate acuminate bracts : 
corol oblong-cylindric. 7 : 
figustrina (P. w. J. bh.) racemes naked : stem 
shruby: leaves crenulate, oblong : racemes nu- 
merous, alternate. 


ares Be 


AXDROPOGON, 33-' 


nutans (beard grass. Y. W. P. S. 2.) panicles 
branching compact nodding: flowers double- 

_ bearded : calyx bristly : perfect flowers sessile, — 
staminate pedicelled caducous. 

macrourus (indian grass. P. S. %.) sheaths vil- 
lose at the margin: panicleslateral with many 
fascicular spikes ; flowers monandrous, beard — 
4or 5-fold of the length of the glume; anie- — 
rior valves glabrous. | 


ANDROPOGON, ANEMONE. = 137 


_ dissitiflorus (P. S. %.) sheaths glabrous ; culm 
_ erect: spikes lateral distant : flowers monan- 
~ drous ; awns long strait ; interior valves gla- 
_. brous. . eer oe " 
urpurascens (P. Au. 2.) spikes simple pedun- 
aor double, close-panicied ; flowers fon le, the 
perfect is sessile lanceolate bearded, the neu- 
_.. tral is pedicelled bearded ; rachis ciliate. 
Jfurcatus (forked spike. W. P. Au. %.) spikes 
digitate, partly in fours, flowers. double ; the 
‘rfect ones sessile awned, the staminate ones 
_beardless pedicelled : rachis hairy. 
ambiguus (€. 2/.) leaves clasping sub-cordate 
_ lanceolate : panicle with branches brisily the 
whole length, simple erect: glumes solitary 
alternate 1-flowered : corol not bristly, long- 
awned, triandrous ; florets extended by an awn- 
form increase. | 


ANEMONE, 66. 


hortensis (garden anemone. E.) radical leaves 
digitate, divisions 3-cleft ; cauline ones ternate, 
lanceolate, connate, sub-divided : seed woolly. 

virginiana (wind flower. P. g-w. J. %.) stem di- 
chotomous : leaves thrice ternate, upper ones 
pec leafets gash-lobate and serrate acute : 
peduncles solitary, 1-fiowered elongated ; seed 
oblong, headed woolly mucronate. 

aconitifolia (P. w. J. 2.) stem dichotomous : radic- 
al leaves palmate ; cauline leaves sessile clasp- 

’ ing 3-cleft, the lower ones ternate, with the 
lobes acute-lanceolate gash-serrate : peduncles 
solitary 1-flowered : seed head-globose naked 
subulate-beaked. Flowers large. 

dichotoma (Can. w-r. M. 2.) stem dichotomous : 
leaves all cauline opposite clasping 3-cleft, lobes 
wedge-lanceolate with the upper_ones gash-ser- 
rate : peduncles solitary 1-flowered : seed with 
a globose head ee eee 
2 


“488 © ANEMONE, ANGELICA. 


nemorosa (low anemone. H. W. Y.r-w. M. 2.) 
stem 1-flowered : cauline leaves thrice ternate, 
leafets wedge-form, gash-lobed, toothed acute : 
corol 5-6-petalled : seeds yovate with a short 
style hooked. <A variety, quinquefolia, has 
lateral leaves deeply 2-cleft. 

lancifolia (P. w. M. 21.) stem 1-flowered : leaves 
cauline thrice ternate : leafets lanceolate cre- 
nate-toothed : corol 5-petalled : seeds ovate with 
a short style hooked. 

thalictroides (rue anemone. A. Y. H. C. P. w. 3.) 
umbels involucred : radical leaves twice ter-— 
nate, leafets sub-cordate 3-toothed : involucre 
6-leaved, leafets petioled uniform : umbel few 
flowered : seed naked striate : root tuberous. 
A variety, uniflora, has a 1-flowered involucre. 


‘Anemone. See Hepatica. 
ANETHUM, 46. 


pipet ap (dill. E.} fruit compressed : plant an- 

nual. 

foeniculum (fennel. E.) fruit ovate : plant peren- 
nial. 


ANGELICA, 45. 


archangelica (archangel. E. % .) the odd terminal 
-.  leafet lobed. 
atropurpurea (P. Can. g. J. UY.) leaves pi: ee 
leafets oblong sublobate serrate sub-sessile, the 
last pair united at the. base, the terminal peti- 
_, Gled. 3 to 6 feet high, root fragrant. 
triquinata (angelica. O. w. J..L.) petiole 3-part- 
ed, partitions pinnate, 5-leaved ; leafets gash- 
toothed ; the odd terminal one sessile rhombic, 
lateral ones decursive. 
lucida (nondo, w.J. 2.) leafets equal ovate gash- 
serrate. | pea age 


ANNONA, ANTIRRHINUM, 139 
y ANnNonA. 66. 


glabra (custard apple. E.) leaves lance-ovate : 
fruit conic, glabrous. 


ANTHEMIS. 87. 


nobilis (chamomile, E. w. Au. 2/.) leaves 2-pin- 
nate ; leafets 3-parted linear-subulate sub-vil- 
lose : stem branching at the base. Gives out a 
fragrant odour. 

arvensis (C. w. Au. %.) receptacle conic, chaff 
lanceolate : seed crown-margined: leaves 2- 
pinnate subdivided lanceolate linear. 

cotula (mayweed. QO. w. J. @.) receptacle conic, 
chaff-bristly : seed naked :_ leaves 2-pinnate, 
leafets subulate 3-parted. — 


ANTHOCEROS, 110. 


levis (wax-liverwort) frond flat, crenate. 
punctatus, frond sinuate, lobed, obtuse. 


ANTHOXANTHUM, 27. 


odoratum, (sweet vernal grass. O. M. 2/.) spike 
oblong-ovate ; florets subpeduncled, longer 
than the awn. An American variety, altissi- 
mum, is larger and of a darker green. Ives. 


ANTIRRHINUM, 72. 


elatine itr ee A. P.y. Ju. ©.) 
procumbent pilose : leaves alternate hastate en- 

tire : peduncles solitary very long. 

triornithophorum (three-birds. E.) leaves whorl- 
ed, lanceolate 3-nerved : stem decumbent : re- 
ceme terminal, few flowered, flowers large, pe- 
duncled. 

linaria (snap-dragon, E. y. Ju. 2.) erect glab- 
rous ; leaves scattered lanceolate-linear, crowd- 


440 ANTIRRHINUM, AQUILEGIA. 


ed together : spikes terminal dense-flower- 
ed : calyx glabrous shorter than the spur. 
Flowers large—(toad-flax.)  . 

eanadense (flax snap dragon. Y.P, w-b. J. 4.) 
rising in a curve, glabrous, very simple : leaves 
scattered irregularly, erect narrow linear ob- 
tuse remote : flowers racemed ; scions procum- 
bent, Flowers small. ” 


Inychia, see Queria. 


APARGIA, 82. 


autumnalis (false hawkweed. H. y. J. 2L.) scape 
branching scaly : leaves lanceolate runcinate- 
pinnatifid, smoothish. 


Apios, see Glycine. 


APIuM, 47. 


petroselinum (parsley. E. Ju.%.) cauline leaves 

~ linear: involucels minute. } 

graveolens (celery. E. Ju. % .) stem channelled : 
cauline leaves wedge-form.. 


APocynuM, 43. 


androsaemifolium (dog-bane. O. r-w. J. 2%.) 
leaves ovate, glabrous : cymes lateral and ter- 
minal : tube of the corol longer than the calyx. 

cannabinum (Indian hemp. O. g-y. Ju. YU.) leaves 
lanceolate, acute, glabrous : cyme panicle-like : 
tube of the corol and the calyx equal. 

hypericifoliwm (john’s dogbane. C. P. w. Ju. 2p.) 
stem erectish: leaves oblong heart-form. gla- 
brous : cymes shorter than the leaves... Flow- 
ers very small; the plant low and smooth. 


AQUIEEGIA, 65. 


vulgaris (garden columbine. E. J. 2/.) nectaries 
incurved-horns: leafy stem and leaves glabrous. 


AQUILEGIA, ARATIA. 142 


canadensis (wild columbine. O, r. & y. Ap. U.) 
horns strait: stamens exsert. Growing ire- 
quently in crevices of rocks. 


ARABIS, 74, 


rhomboidea (wall cress. P. A. w. M.1{.) leaves gla- 
brous rhomboid, with obsolete spreading teeth 5. 
lower leaves with long petioles : root tuberous. 

thaliana (meusear cress. W. P. C. w. a @.) 
redical leaves oblong petioled ; cauline leaves 
lanceolate sessile : stem erect rough-haired at 

_ the base : petals twice as long as the calyx. 

reptans (P. C J. 4%.) leaves sub-rounded entire 
rough-haired : shoots ee 

lyrata. (P. C. Can. w. Ap. =.) leaves glabrous, 
radical ones lyrate, cauline ones linear. 

hispida (P. w. M. 4.) leaves toothed obtuse hispid, 
radical ones sub-lyrate, cauline ones: hispid 
petals erect. 

hastata C.w. M.) leaves lanceolate, narrowed at 
the base, hastate, sessile, very glabrous: pe- 
duncles glabrous erect ; siliques pendant, fal- 
cate, very narrow. Found at Fishkill by Dr. 
John Torrey.—New species. 

falcata (C. Y. W. w. 2.) leaves hirsute lanceo- 
late, narrowed at both ends, remotely toothed, 
sessile : aaa 2-edged, falcate. <A. 
canadensis. ill. 


Aracuis, 78. 

‘hypogaea (false ground-nut. E. ©.) stem pilose 
procumbent: leaves pinnate abrupt: flowers 
axillary. 7 

ARALIA, 48, 


spinosa (shot bush, angelica tree. P. y-w. Au. kh.) 
woody : stem and leaves thorny, leaves doubly- 


142 ~ARALIA, ARENARTA, | 


pinnate ; leafets slightly-serrate : panicles ve- 
ry branching : umbels numerous. A 
hispida (bristly stem sarsaparilla. W. P. w. J-b.) 
low: sub-shrubby : stem and petioles rough 
with bristles: leaves doubly-pinnate ; leafets 
ovate gash-serrate unarmed glabrous : umbels 
with long peduncles. ti 
racemosa (spikenard. O. w. J. %.) spreading 
branches : petioles 3-parted, the partitions 3— 
5-leaved, leafets often heart-form ; branchlets 
axillary leafy : umbels many sub-panicled, leaf- 
less above. 
nudicauis (wild sarsapariila. O. w. M. 2.) 
hardly a proper stalk, 1-leafed ; the leaf thrice- 
ternate or thrice-quinate ; leafets oblong-oval : 
gl naked, shorter than the leaf: umbels 
ew. | 


ARBUTUS, 57. 


uva-ursi (bear berry. A. N. Y. ©. P. H. w-r. J. 
h .) stem procumbent : leaves wedge-obovate, 
entire: berry 5-seeded. 

alpina (Can, w. J. k .) leaves serrate. 


ARCTIUM, 83. 


lappa (burdock. Q. r. Au. 2.) cauline leaves 
heart-form pore toothed : flowers panicled 
globose : calyx smooth. 


ARENARIA, 58. 


1. Leaves oblong. 


lateriflora (sandwort. P. C. w. J. %.) stem fili- 
form simple: leaves ovate obtuse sub-triple- 
nerved : peduncles lateral solitary elongated 
2-cleft, one pedicel middle-bracted : corol lon- 
ger than the calyx. 

serpyllifolia (P. C. w. Ju. &.) stem dichotomous 


ARENARIA, ARETHUSA. 148 


spreading : leaves ovate acute sub-ciliate : ca- 
| ph acute sub-striate : petals shorter than the 
calyx. 


- 


2. Leaves linear-subulate. 


glabra (C. 2.) very glabrous sub-erect filiform 
- many-stems ;: leaves subulate-linear flat spread- 
- ing: pedicels 1-flowered elongated divaricate : 
leafets of the calyx oval obtusish smooth, short- 
er than the petals. 
stricta (N. Whitehills. w. M. 2/.) glabrous erect 
many-stems : leaves subulate-linear erect: pan- 
icles few-flowered : petals much longer than the 
. calyx, which is dal lanawolate apparently stri- 
ate. 
squarrosa (C. w. Ju. 2.) turfy : lower leaves sca- 
ly-imbricate channelled glabrous: stems few 
very simple: flowers few terminal erect: pe- 
tals much larger than the roundish calyx. 
rubra (P. Y. C. rv. J. &.) glabrous, humifuse : 
leaves filiform, fleshy, much longer than the 
joints: stipules connate-membranaceous,sheath- 
ing: stamens 5: capsule angular or globose. 
Var. canadensis, leaves linear, fleshy. 


ARETHUSA, 89. 


ephioglossoides (snakemouth. Y. C. P. A. r. Ju. 

2.) root fibrous : scape with 2 distant leaves, 
1 or 2-fiowered ; leaves oval-lanceolate : lip 
fringed. Flowers large. 

dbulbosa (arethusa. C. Y, P. vr. J. Y.) leafless : 
root globose: scape sheathed 1-flowered: ca- 
lyx with the superior divisions incurved: lip 

_sub-crenulate. Flowers large sweet-scented. 

trianthophorus (P. C. w-p. Au. %.) pale: root tu- 
berous: stem leafy, 3-flowered at the summit ; 
leaves ovate alternate: flowers long-peduncled 
alternate: lip entire. Three or four inches 
high, flowers small. 


144 ARETHUSA, ARISTOLOCHIA. 


werticillata (P. y-r. J. U4.) leaves 5, in whor's, 
oblong-lanceolate : stem 1-flowered: 3 outer 
etals very long linear, inner ones lanceolate ; 
ip 3-lobed, the middle division wavy. Flow- 
ers of the largest and handsomest kind ; some- 
times there are2orS onthe stem © 
medeoloides (P. y-r. Ju. %.) leaves whorled, ob- 
long, acuminate: flowers sub-sessile ; interior 
petals short, obtuse. Pursh, Probably the 
stellata of Muhl. fifis tai; 


ARGEMONE, 65. 


mexicana (P. y. Ju. €.) leaves pinnatifid, gash- 
ed, spinose: flowers axillary. Var. alba, flow- 
ers white. y We es 


ARISTIDA, 30. 


dichotoma (beard-grass. P. C. Ju. &.) turfy: 
culm dichotomous: flowers sub-spiked, sub-1- 
awned, awn twisted, shorter than the glume. 

shgantha (P. Ju. Y%.) culm strait sub-branched : 
leaves convolute-iiliform : flowers distant soli- 
tary : awns long spreading. 


ARIS'TOLOCHIA, 90. 


siphe (birthwort. dark purole. J. b .) leaves heart- 
form acute : stem twining : peduncles 1-flower- 
ed furnished with an ovate bract: corol ascend- 
ing, limb 3-cleft equal. Avery high running 
vine, with large leaves. pais Nl 

serpentaria (P. C. p. J. Y.) leaves heart-form, 
oblong acuminate : stem zigzag ascending : 
peduncles ralical : lips of the corol lanceolate. 
(The Virginia snakeroot.) There is a variety 
with very long narrew leaves. ae’ 


7 t bd » 
4 ide it et | 


ARMENTACA, ARONIA, 145 


ARMENTIACA, 61. 


oulgaris eee: E. %.) leaves subcordate: sti- 
ules palmate. Var. precox (early apricot.) 
uit small, yellow. Var. persicoides (peach 
apricot) fruit subcompressed. 
dasycarpa (black apricot. E. h.) leaves ovate 
acuminate, doubly-serrate, petioles glandular : 
drupe globose, pubescent. 


ArRNICcA, 86. 


méntana (arnic. E.) leaves ovate entire ; cauline 
ones in opposite pairs. 


Aronia, 62. 


arbutifolia (red choak-berry. Y. W. P. C. w-r. M. 
h.) leaves lance-obovate, crenate, downy be- 
neath, with the midrib glandular above : flow- 
ers corymbed : calyx downy. 

batryapium (shad-bush. O. w. Ap. kh.) leaves ob- 
long-oval ; cuspidate, glabrous: flowers ra- 
cemed ; petals linear : germs pubescent: seg- 
ments of the calyx glabrous. 

sanguinea (bloody choak-berry. C. w. M. +.) 
leaves oval, obtuse at both ends, mucronate, 

_ serratures very slender : racemes few-flowered : 
-calyx glabrous ;: petals linear, obtuse. 

melanocarpa (black choak-berry. Y. W. P. C. w. 
M. 2.) leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, ser- 
rate, glabrous beneath ; midrib glandular 
above: flowers corymbed : calyx glabrous. 

ovalis (medlar bush. Y. C. P.w. M. 2.) leaves 
round-oval, acute, glabrous : flowers racemed : 
petals obovate: germ and segments of the calyx 
pubescent, x 


146 ARTEMISIA, ARUM, — 


ARTEMISTIA, 85. 


abrotanuwm Jonge wood, Ew 2. and kh.) stem 
strait : lower leaves bipinnate, upper ones 
5 ed pinnate : calyx pubescent hemis- 
eric. - 
Sesto as (wild wormwood. Y. w.y. Au. 2.) sub- 
decumbent, scarcely pubescent : leaves flat li- 
near-pinnatifid: branchlets spike-flowered : 
flowers sub-hemispheric : calyx scarious. Re- 
ceptacle smooth. | 
pontica (roman artemisia. E.) leaves downy be- 
neath ; cauline ones bipinnate, leafets linear: 
branches simple: flowers roundish peduncled 
nodding. ts% 
absynthium (wormwood. E. 2.) stem branching, 
panicled: leaves hoary ; radical ones triply- 
_pinnatifid, divisions lanceolate toothed obtuse ; 
cauline ones 2-pinnatifid or pinnatifid, divisions 
lanceolate acutish : floral ones undivided lance- 
olate. 
vulgaris (mugwort. P. C. S. 2.) leaves downy 
beneath ; cauline ones pinnatifid, divisions lan- 
ceolate sub-teothed acute ; floral ones undivid- 
-ed linear-lanceolate : flowers sub-sessile ob- 
long erect : calyx downy. : 


p Arum, 94. 


dracontium (green dragon. P. J. 2/.) stemless : 
‘leaves pedate ; leafets lanceolate oblong entire : 
spadix subulate longer than the oblong convo- 
lute spathe. : 
atrorubens (brown dragon. P. M. 2.) stemless : 
leaves ternate, leafets ovate, acuminate : spa- 
dix cylindrical ; spathe sessile ovate acumin- 
ate, spreading horizontally above. © Spathe 
dark brown, disagreeable smell. wit 
triphyllwm (indian turnip, wild turnip, false wase- 


° 
7 


ARUM, ARUNDO. 147 


robin. O. p. & g. M. 4.) sub-caulescent: leaves 
ternate ; leafets ovate acuminate : spadix club- 
form: spathe ovate acuminate peduncled, with 
the lamina as Jong as the spadix. One variety, 
wirenes, has a green spathe ; another, airopur- 
pureum, has a dark purple spathe. 

virginicum (poison arum. H. Y. ©. P.g. J. %.) 
stemless : leaves hastate-heart-form acute, 
Jobes obtuse : spathe elongated incurved ; 
green : spadix long-stamen-flowered. 


ARUNDO, 35. 


donax (reed grass. E. Nov.) calyx 5-flowered : 
panicle diffuse : culm somewhat woody. 

phragmites (marsh reed grass. Y. P. C. Ju. Y.) 
calyx 5-flowered : panicle lax. 

conoides (compact reed grass. P. Au. ¥.) pan- 
icle spreading: calyx 1-flowered acuminate 
oe the corol: awn on the back genicu- 
ate. 

epigejos (C.Y%.) calyx 1-flowered : panicle erect: 
leaves glabrous beneath lanceolate. Flowers 
small. 

canadensis (P. J. %.) panicle oblong : calyx 1- 
flowered lanceolate, scabrous pubescent upon 
the keel: corol awned upon the back, awn of 
the length of the corol ; pubescence equalling 
the corol : leaves and culm glabrous narrow. 

arenaria (sand reed grass. Can. C. Ju...) pani- 
cle spiked : calyx i-flowered longer than the 
corol : flowers erect beardless : Jeaves involute 
prickly. 

agrostoides (P. C. Ju. 1.) panicle lax diffused : 
calyx 1-flowered acuminate glabrous: corol 
shorter than the calyx membranaceous ; outer 
valve gashed at the top: pubescence equalling 
the corol: leaves flat a little scabrous ; culm 
sheathed and glabrous. 


148 ASARUM, ASCLEPIAS. 
ASARUM, 60. 


canadense (white snake root, wild ginger. W.N. 
A. P. p. M. ¥.) leaves broad-kidney-form in 
pairs : calyx woolly deeply 3-parted, divisions 
sub-lanceclate reflected. Root aromatic. - 

‘sirginicum (P. M.121.) leaves solitary round-heart- 
form glabrous leathery: flower sub-sessile : 

~ ealyx glabrous above, short, bellform. Leaves 

- speckled smooth. Pai 


ASCLEPIAS, 89. 
1. Leaves opposite. 


syriaca (common milkweed. O. w-p. Ju. 2.) 
stem very simple: leaves lanceolate-obicng 
eeamally acute, downy beneath : umbels sub- 
nodding downy. 3 to 5 feet high ; flowers in 

large close clusters sweet-scented—nectaries 

are fly-traps. 


obtusifolia (Y. P. ©. p. J. U.) leaves clasping ob- - 


long round-obtuse waving : umbel terminal 
long-peduncled many flowered glabrous ; the 
horn of the nectary exsert. Flowers large. 

acuminate (C. r-w. Ju. 2/.) stem erect glabrous 
simple : leaves ovate sub-cordate acuminate 
short-petioled, upper ones sessile : umbels lat- 
eral solitary erect. About 2 feet high, roots 
large. 

amoena (Y. P. p. Ju.%.) in wet places. Stem sim- 
ple, stem-leaves pointing two ways, sub-pubes- 
cent ; leaves sub-sessile oblong-oval pubescent 
beneath : terminal umbels and nectaries erect, 
appendage exsert. 

purpurascens (C.P. p. Ju.2f.) stem simple : leaves 
ovate villose beneath: umbels erect: nectaries 


resupine. 
vitideear (P. Y. g. Ju. 2%.) stem simple erect 
hirsute : leaves lanceolate-oblong obtusish, 


9 


Pe ASCLEPIAS. 149 


sub-sessile, downy-hirsute : umbels lateral so- 
litary sub-sessile nodding sub-globose densc- 
flowered ; no appendage. 

variegata (C. P. w. Ju. UY.) stem simple erect : 
leaves ovate petioled rugose naked : umbels sub- 
sessile pedicelled tomentose. The umbels dense. 

incarnata (O. r. Ju. U4.) grows in wet places. 
stem erect branching above downy : leaves lan- 
ceolate sub-downy both sides: umbels mostly 
double at their origin: the little horn of the 
nectary exsert. A variety, pulchra, is more 
hairy. 

debilis iW. A. C. w. Ju. /.)’smoothish ; stem weak 
erect ay wh leaves petioled oval-lanceolate, 
acute at both ends, membranaceous: umbels 
terminal lax-flowered ; pedicels capillary. The 
bark is a substitute for flax. * 

quadrifolia (O. w. M. 2/.) stem erect simple glab- 
rous leaves ovate acuminate petioled, those in the 
middle of the stem are largest and in fours : 
umbels. two terminal lax-Hlowered ; pediceis 
filiform. About 10 inches high, flowers small 
and sweet-scented. 

mae (P.'p. Au.) stem erect glabrous : leaves 
sub-sessile oval-lanceolate gradually growing 
narrower, very acute glabrous with a roughish 
margin. 


2. Leaves not opposite. 


verticillata (dwarf milkweed. Y. A. P. C. g-y. 
-Ju. 2.) stem erect very simple marked with 
lines and small pubescence: leaves yery nar- 
row-linear strait glabrous, whorled generally : 
horn in the nectary exsert. 
fuberosa (N. Y. A. P. y. Ju. %.) stem erectish, 
at the top spreading-branched very rough-hair- 
ed : leaves oblong-lanceolate a Ragas ; 
umbels terminal, sub-corymbed. A variety, the 
decumbens, has a decumbent stem : leaves sub- 
linear, hirsute. Ht 
7 


150 ASCYRUM, ASPIDIUM. 4 
Ascyrum, 64. © 


crux-andreae (peter’s wort. P.C. y. Ju. .) many 
stems, diffuse : leaves su¥-lanceolate-oblong 
‘obtuse : corymb terminal : flowers sub-sessile 
2-styled : stem sub-terete, 2 feet high, petals | 
narrow. nt ist 
hypericoides (C. y. Ju. k .) erect branching, bran- 
ches 2-edged : leaves oblong with 2 glands at 
the base : flowers terminal solitary with short 
pedicels, 3-styled. From 1 to 2 feet high. 


ASPARAGUS, 50. 
afficinalis oa nh E. Ju. 21.) stem herbaceous 


unarmed sub-erect terete: leaves bristle-form 
‘soft: stipules sub-solitary. | 
a 2 


ASPHODELUS, 51. 

luteus (asphodel, king’s spear. E. 2/.) stem leafy : 
leaves 3-sided, striate. ar 

ramosus (E. 7.) stem branching, naked : leaves 
ensiform, carinate, smooth. ‘% 


AsPpipium, 103. 
1. Fronds ternate. 


cicutarium (P. 4.) leafets pimnatifid, divisions 
acuminate sinuate-pinnatifid entire ; the low- 
er and outer divisions of the sides elongated : 
fruit-dots in rows. ° 


2. Fronds pinnate. 


acrostichoides (O. J. to Au. 24.) leafets lanceolate 
sabre-form acute ciliate-serrate, the upper ones _ 
eared and dagger-pointed, the lower ones 
wedge-form ; the upper fruit-bearing ones 
smaller : stipe and rachis chaffy: fruit-dots — 
solitary but at length become confluent. | 


lar ¥ 


a « ASPIDIUM. : ASL 


3. Fronds sub-pinnatifid ; involucre [indusium] 
; valved kidney-form. . 


nowebaracense (N. W. C. P. Ju. 4.) frond pin- 
nate ; leafets linear-lanceolate pinnatifid, di- 
visions oblong obtusish sub-entire cilliate : 
fruit-dots marginal : stipe smooth. 
cristatum (C. P. J. 4.) frond lanceolate-ovate 
_ glabrous pinnate ; leafets sub-cordate-oblong 
pinnatifid, divisions oblong obtuse tooth-ser- 
rate : stipe chaffy. A variety, callipteris, large- 
ish: leafets alternate, divisions oblong une- 
ually appressed-serrate : frond bearing the 
ruit at the top. Another variety, lancastriense, 
leafets sub-opposite, divisions triangular ovate 
acute serrate : stipe naked. Sie 


4, Frond doubly or triply-pinnate, invelucre lie 
kidney-form. ; 


obtusum (P. Ju. U4.) frond doubly-pinnate the 
lesser leafets oblong obtuse, the upper ones 
having united bases tooth crenate : rachis pu- 
bescent above. 4 or 5 inches high. 
aculeatum (Vermont, Au. 2.) frond yee 
nate ; the lesser leafets ovate sub-sabre-form 
acute dagger-serrate, the base of the upper 
ones truncate, of the lower ones short-wedge- 
form ; the upper ones bear the fruit : stipe and 
rachis chaffy. 
marginale (W. Y. C. P. Ju. 2.) frond doubly- 
pinnate : lesser leafets oblong obtuse decurrent 
crenate, more deeply crenate at the base: fruit- 
dots marginal: stipe chaffy. ‘Two or three 
feet high. 
_ filix-mas (W.N. C. P. Ju.) frond doubly-pinnate, 
: lesser leafets oblong obtuse serrate, serratures 
_beardless : fruit-dots of the middle rib approx- 


152 ASPIDIUM, ASPLENIUM. 


imate: stipe and rachis chaffy. 2 or 3 feet 
high. A variety, erosum, lesser leafets erose- 
serrate more remote. | 
intermedium P. W. J. U.) frond doubly-pinnate ; 
lesser leafets linear gash-pinnatifid, divisions 
sub-mucronate-serrate : stipe chaffy. Resem- 
bles the next species in many respects. — 
spinulosum (P. Ju. 2.) frond doubly-pinnate : 
lesser leafets oblong decurrent running togeth- 
er gash-toothed ; divisions mucronate-serrate : 
spike chaffy : involucre glandular. Large, 
dilatatum (P, Ju, %.) frond doubly-pinnate ; les- 

ser leafets oblong distinct gash-pmnatifid, di- 

visions mucronate-serrate: stipe chaffy : invo- 

jucre smooth. Leaves more compound, larger 
and broader than the filix-femina. 

Remark. This genus has been divided, and 
the remainder of the species are placed under the 
genus Athyrium, ‘There is no difficulty in dis- 
tinguishing that genus from the Aspidium, if 
care be taken to ascertain the precise origin of 
the involucres. In some species of the Aspidi- 
um, the involucres appears at first view, to be at- 
tached to one side of the fruit-dots ; especially 
those which are kidneyform. But on a minute 
examination, the point, by which the involucre is 
attached to the frond of the Aspidium, will be 
found to be surrounded by the capsules of the 
fruit-dot. Whereas the involucres of the Athy- 
rium are attached to the frond entirely outside 
of the capsules of the fruit-dots. 


; ASPLENIUM, 102. 
rhixophyllum (walking leaf. 0. Ju. 2.) frond lance- 
olate stiped sub-crenate, heart-form ears at the 
base ; apex very long linear-filiform rooting. 


* 


* 
a ASPLENIUM, ASTER. 153 


angustifolium (spleenwort. W. C. P. Ju. 4.) frond 
pinnate ; leafets alternate, upper ones sub-alter- 
~ nate, linear-lanceolate sub-repand, base of the 
upper oN truncate, of the lower ones rounded. 
1 foot high. 
ebeneum (W.C. P. Ju. U.) frond pinnate : leafets 
sessile lanceolate serrulate, cordate at the base, 
auricled above. A-very small species. 
melanocaulon (W. P. A. Ju. 2.) frond pinnate ; 
leafets roundish obtuse crenate at its base 
wedge-form: stipe particoloured. Very smail ; 
stem black, polished. 
thelypterioides (W. P. Ju, UY.) frond pinnate ; 
leafets sessile lanceolate acuminate, deeply pin- 
natifid, divisions oblong obtuse, obtusely-ser- 
rate : fruit-dots parallel, at length confluent, 
ruta-muraria (W. C. P. Ju. Y.) frond bipimnate 
at the base, simply pinnate at the apex ; leafet 
rhombic-oblong, obtuse, with the apex eb | 
denticulate. . 
montanum(W. Ju. 4.) frond glabrous, bipinnate ; 
Jeafets lanceolate, pinnatiiid, divisions 2-or-3- 


ASTER, 86. 
1. Leaves entire. 


hyssopifolius (starflower. C.w.y.p. Au. to 0.) leaves 
- linear-lanceolate 3-nerved punctate acute mar- 
-gin scabrous: branchlets level-top-corymbed 
compact : rays sub-5-flowered ; calyx imbri- 
cate twice as short as the disk. 12 to 24 inches 
high. 
solide inoides (P. w. Au. 2.) leaves linear-lan- 
ceolate obsolete 3-nerved entire obtuse, margin 
- scabrous : branches level-top-corymbed : flow- 
ers sessile aggregate ; rays 5-flowered, calyx 
shorter than the disk imbricate, scales oblong 
obtuse close-pressed, sub-reflexed at the apex. 


154 ASTER. 


About 2 feet high: scales of the calyx whiie 
with green tips ; rays long and white. 

ledifolius (C. N. P. y. w. S. and Oc. 2.) leaves.lin- 
ear-lanceolate tapering to *the base, without 
nerves, roughish, revolute margin: branches 
corymbed : branchlets filiform 1-flowered na- 
kedish : calyx lax imbricate twice as short as 
the disk: leaiets very acute : rays sub-20- 
flowered. A variety, wniflorus, has a very 
simple stem bearing but one flower. About a 
foot high ; sometimes the leaves have a small 
indenture on each side. 


’ aa Sa rough-cil- 
> the branch 
ones spreading subulate : stem erect sub-branch- 
ed above, branchlets 1-flowered corymbed : ca- 
lyx imbricate twice as short as the disk : scales 
carinate very obtuse : rays sub-10-flowered re- 
flexed. Hardly a foot high. ~ 
linariifoluis (N. P. p. y. Au. 2.) leaves thick-set 
linear mucronate dotted carinate rough stiff, 
rameous, recurved: stem sub-decumbent: 
branches level-topped i-flowered calyx imbri- 
cate of the length of the disk. A little lower 
than the preceding species and flowers smaller ; 
stem rough, purplish. | 
linifolius (N. P. S. U4.) leaves linear with- 
out nerves dotted rough refiexed-spreading : 
branches level-top-corymbed leafy : calyx im- 
bricate short : rays about equal to the disk.— 
About 18 or 24 inches high. 
subulatus (P. Au. 2/.) very glabrous ; small-fiow- 
ered: stem panicled : branches many flower- 
ed : leaves linear-subulate : calyx cylindric ; 
ligulate florets of the ray minute. 
foliolosus (P. C. W. Au. 2.) leaves linear-lance- 
olate tapering to both ends acuminate: stem 
pubescent panicled erect : branches few-flow- 


ered ; calyx imbricate : scales linear acute 


ASTER. 155 


close pressed. Flowers small ; hardly distinct 
- from the next species. 
tenuifolius (P. w. Au. 2.) leaves linear-lanceolate 
tapering to both ends, hispid margin: stem 
glabrons branching erect ; branchlets 1-flow- 
ered : calyx imbricate, scales oblong acute lax. 
dumosus (P. C. w. y. Au. 2.) leaves linear gla- 
brous, those of the branchlets are the shortest : 
branches panicled : calyx cylindric closely im- 
bricate. A variety called violaceus, has pale 
- violet rays and a pubescent stem. Another va- 
riety, alhus, has white rays and a glabrous 
stem. Flowers small. 
ericoides (P. w-y. Au. 2.) leaves linear very 
glabrous, those of the branchlets subulate ap- 
proximate, cauline ones elongated : calyx 
somewhat scurfy : leaves acute: stem glabrous. 
Flowers small. / 
multfiorus (P. W. w-y. Au. to N. 4.) leaves 
linear smoothish : stem very branching diffuse 
_ pubescent, branchlets one-way : calyx imbri- 
- cate, scales oblong scurfy acute. Probably 
a variety of the last. 
sparsiflorus (P. C. y. w. p. S. UL.) very glabrous : 
leayes subulate-linear sub-carinate sub-reflex- 
ed : stem slender very branching ; branches 
and branchlets spreading bristle-form 1-flow- 
ered : scales of the preduncles divaricate su- 
bulate : calyx imbricate, scales close-pressed 
- acute. Resembles the last ; flowers smaller. 
concolor (P. r-p. Au. 1.) leaves oblong-lanceolate 
’ white pubescent both sides ; stem very simple 
erect pubescent : raceme terminal : calyx im- 
bricate, scales lanceolate silky close-presse:l. 
About a foot high ; ray and disk coloured alike. 
cornifolius P.J.2.) glabrous : leaves oblong-oy «te 
acuminate short-petioled, margin rough: pan- 
icle few flowered, branches a towered : calyx 
sub-imbricate. Flowers white. 
hamiis \P.w. Au. #4.) leaves sub-rhomboid oval- 


Ba Sco tee t 
156.i° ORs 
“eo " = es 


lanceolate, 


* 


icul ids, sub-petiol- — 
ed glabrous, margin hispid : corymb diverging- 
ly dichotomous nakedish few-fiowered : calyx 
lax imbricate : rays 8-flowered. About a foot 
high ; flowers large. | 
amygdalinus (P. w. S. %.) leaves lanceolate ta- 
_ pering to the base acuniinate, margin rough : 


stem simple, level-top-corymbed at the top: ca- _ 


lyx lax imbricate, scales lanceolate obtuse.— 
Rays large. pon th 

salicifolius (C.r-b. Au. ¥.) le 
late sub-entire glabrous : stem glabrous pani- 
cled at the top: calyx lax umbricate. scales 
acute spreading at their tips. From 4 to 6 feet 
high ; flower middle-sized. 

aestivus (C. P. b. Ju. to S. 4.) leaves lanceolate 
sub-clasping tapering to the apex, margin 
rough : stem branching from its base, erect his- 
et ; branchlets pilose : calex scaly, scales lax 
inear acute equal. About 2 feet high ; the 
flowers resembling the last. 

nova-angliae (C. N.b-p. S. to Nov. %-) leaves lin- 
ear-lanceolate pilose clasping, auricled at the 
base : stem sub-simple pilose straight and stiff: 
flowers sub-sessile terminal crowded : scales of 
the calyx lax coloured lanceolate longer than 
the disk. In rich soil it grows 10 feet high : 
flowers large. 

cyaneus (N. P. b-p. 8. to Nov. %.) leaves linear- 
lanceolate clasping smooth : stem wand-like- 
panicled very glabrous: branches racemed : 
scales of the calyx lax lanceolate equalling the 
disk, inner ones coloured at the apex. 3 or 4 
feet high ; flowers many and large. This is 
the handsomest of all asters. 

pllogifolius (C. P. p. Au. Y.) leaves lanceolate 
heart-form clasping pubescent beneath, rough 
margin: stem very simple pubescent: panicle 
terminal lax few-flowered ; scales of the caiyx 


ASTRAY 157 
& tin li 3 
lax imbricate lanceolate. From 18 to 24 inch- 
eshigh, an 
patens (P. p-y. S. to Nov. 4.) leaves oblong-lar- 
ceolate ciliate, heart-form clasts rough both 
sides hairy: stem branching rough with hairs ; 
branches spreading elongated few-flowered, 
small-leaved : scales of tiie calyx imbricate 
lanceolate spreading. From 1 to 2 feet high. 


/ 


—v 


2. Leaves heart- 
undulatus (P. p. S. x a leaves oblong heart-form 
clasping entire hairy sub-undulate ; lower ones 
ovate heart-for 


1 sub-serrate petioled ; petioles 
winged : stem panicled hispid ; branchlets one- 
way leafy, 1-fiowered. Flowers small. 

panviculatus (P.b-p. Au. to Nov. ) leaves ovate- 

_ lanceolate sub-serrate petioled giabrous ; rad- 
ical ones ovate-heartforin serrate rough petiol- 
ed ; petioles naked : stem very branching glab- 
rous ; branchlets pilose: calyx lax sub-imbri- 
cate. From 2 to 4 feet high; flowers smallish, 
numerous. 

cordifolius (N. A. W. P. w-p. S. 11.) leaves heart- 
form pilose beneath, sharp-serrate petioled 5 
petioles winged : stem panicled smoothish ; pa- 
nicles divaricate: calyx lax sub-imbricate. 
Flowers small. A. heterophyllus. Wiild. 

corymbosus (N. P. W. Au. %.) leaves ovate sharp- 
serrate acuminate smvothish; lower ones 

- ‘ heart-form petioled ; petioles naked : stem glab- 
rous, leveltop-corymed above: branches pi- 
lose : calyx oblong imbricate, scales obtuse ve- 
ry close-pressed., 12 to 24 inches high: flow- 
ers rather large. 

gnacrophyllus (BP. w-b. 8. to Nov. 2/.) leaves ovate 
petioled serrate rough ; upper ones ovate-heart- 
form sessile ; lower ones heart-form petioled 5 
petioles sub-margined : stem branching diffus- 
ed ; calyx cylindric clases imbricate, scales 


orm and ovate, serrate. 


156 | po ceranaie 


_ oblong acute. 1 or 2 feet high 5 flowers large- 
ish. et ; 
chinensis ( ching aster. E. €.) leaves ovate thickly 
toothed petioled ; cauline oneg sessile at the base 
wedge-form, floral ones lanceolate entire: stem 
hispid ; branches 1-flowered : calyx foliaceous. 
A varicty has very full flowers varieus-coloured 

and very short rays. 4 


3. Leaves lanceolate and eva 
rat 


» lower ones ser- 


oe 


amplexicaulis (P. b. S. 2£.) leaves ovate-oblong 
acute clasping heart-form serrate glabrous : 
stem panicled glabrous ; branchlets 1-2-flow- 
ered : scales of the calyx lanceolate closely 
imbricate. Flowers mid-sized. = 

prenanthoides (P.b. ¥..) leaves clasping spatulate- 
lanceolate acuminate, serrate in the middle, 
heart-form at the base : branchlets pilose : scales 
of the calyx lanceolate scurfy. 

laevigatus (P.r-p. 8. to Nov. 11.) leaves sub-clasp- 
ing broad lanceolate sub-serrate smooth: stem 
yery branching glabrous, branchlets many flow- 
ered : scales of the calyx lanceolate lax nearly 
equalling the disk. 

versicolor (C. y-w. Au. 71.) leaves sub-clasping 

_ broad-lanceolate sub-serrate glabrous: radi- 

_ cal ones serrate in the middle: stem very 
branching glabrous: scales of the calyx lance- 
olate lax shorter than the disk. Flowers many 
and large, elegant. 

mutabilis (P.p-y. Au. to Oc. 7.) leaves sub-clasp- 
ing: upper ones lanceolate acuminate entire ; 
Jower ones lanceolate at the base narrow ser- 
rate: branchlets wand-like : calyx shorter than 
the disk lax: stem glabrous. 

laevis (C. b-p. S. to Nov. 11.) leaves sub-clasping 

remote, oblong entire shining ; radical ones _ 
sub-serrate; branches simple 1-fiowered oars J 

we : 


= 


Pe ae 
ASTER, * 159 


imbricate, the leafets sub-wedgeform acute 
thickened at the apex: stem glabrous angu- 
lar. :: 
eoccinneus (P. C. b-p. S. to Novy. 2/.) leaves lance- 
olate sub-clasping : lower ones sub-serrate glab- 
rous : stem simple panicled at the top: calyx 
closely imbricate. 

puniceus (N.W.P. A. p. S. to Nov. 2/.) leaves clasp- 
ing lanceolate serrate roughish: branches pan- 
icled: calyx lax exceeding the disk, the leafets 
linear-lanceolate y-equal: stem hispid. A 
variety, purpur even feet ; stem deep pur- 
~~ Another variety, rufescens, eight-feet : 
m green becoming reddish. From three to 

ten feet high ; flowers large. 
novi-belgii (N. P. w-p. Au. ,.) leaves sub-clasp- 
ing lanceolate glabrous, rough at the margin ; 
lower ones sub-serrate : branches sub-divided ; 
calyx Jax imbricate, the leatets linear-lanceo- 

late: stem terete glabrous. 
spectabilis (P. b. Au. 1.) leaves lanceolate rough- 
ish sub-clasping : lower ones serrate in the mid- 
dle : branches corymbed: leafets of the calyx 
foliaceous sub-wedgeform acutish  scurfy. 
About two feet high: flowers large. 
serotinus (C. b. S. ¥.) leaves oblong-lanceolate 
acuminate sessile glabrous ; margin rough ; 
lower ones serrate : branches corymbed giab- 
rous ; branchlets 1-flowered: scales of the ca- 
_lyx lanceolate acuminate spreading. About 
three feet ; flowers large. 
dardiflorus (C. b. Oc. Y.) leaves sessile serrate 
glabrous spatulate-lanceolate, tapering to the 
base, defiected at the margin and both sides ; 
branches divaricate: calyx lax, the leafets 
lanceolate-linear sub-equal glabrous, Flow- 
ers not middle size. 

blandus (Can. p. Oc. &.) leaves sub-clasping ob- 
long-lanceolate acuminate serrate glabrous: 
_ stem branching in a pyramid form: branches 
axillary flowers in racemes scarcely longer than 


iS Seen oe Op et by 
160 [not eRn. 
ae. = : : — 
the leaf; peduncles downy and naked: calyx 
lax sub-equal, shorter than the disk. Flowers 
largish. 
acuminatus (P. W. w. Au. “f.) leaves broad- 
lanceolate, lower ones tapering entire, upper 
ones unequally serrate long-acuminate: stem 
simple zigzag angular : panicle corymbed 
livaricate-dichotomous : leafets of the calyx 
jax lmear shorter than the disk. A variety call- 
ed elatior, has a taller stem; panicles many- 
flowered and leafy. Another variety, pumilus, 
has a lower stem ; corymb few-flowered na- 
Ked scarcely higher than the leaves. Com- 
mony 12 inches high and upwards ; flowers 
middle-size. ’ . 
conyzoues (P.w-. Au. 4.) leaves oblong 3-nerv- 
ed, narrow acute at the base ; upper ones ses- 
sile sub-entire ; lower ones petioled serrate : 
stem simple corymbed at the tep: calyx cyl- 
indric scurfy : rays 5, very short. About 12 
inches high ; flowers small. 
rvaiula (P. w. S. 2.) leaves lanceolate serrate 
acuminate rigose very rough : stem erect angu- 
lar simple: corymb terminal: calyx imbri- 
cate, leafets lanceolate obtusish sub-scurfy. 
Flowers mid-size. . 
strictus (P. y-r. S. 2£.) leaves sessile narrow- 
lanceolate serrate rough : stem 1 or 2-flowered 
above: scales of the calyx imbricate close- 
| presecd oblong acute nearly equalling the disk. 
‘our to seven inches high ; flowers middle-sized. 
tradescanti (P. w-p. Au. 2/.) leaves lanceolate 
serrate sessile glabrous : branches wand-like : 
calyx imbricate : stem terete glabrous. Ste 4 
feet high ; flowers small. 
recurvatus (N.P. b. S. 21.) leaves sessile narrow- 
lanceolate, tapering to the base: lower ones — 
serrate in the middle : stem branching” al : 
rous recurvate : scales of the calyx lax imbri- 
i linear lanceolate sub-equal. Resembles 
the last, | “it 


ASTER, ASTRAGALUS. 161 


lazeus (C. w-y. S. to Nov. 2.) leaves linear-lance- 
olate acuminate rough margin: lower ones sub- 
serrate: stem sub-reflexed: branches very 
spreading: stem lax panicled at the apex : ca- 
lyx imbricate, leafets lanceolate acute reflexed 
apex. 

junceus (P, ry. Au. 2.) leaves lanceolate-linear 
sessile glabrous ; lower ones sub-serrate ; 
those of the branchlets lanceolate ; stem pani- 
cled glabrous : branches wand-like: calyx im- 


bricate. 4 to 6 fee ugh, ° 
dracunculoides oF S. 2.) leaves linear acu- 


minate entire ; yer ones linear-lanceolate 
sub-serrate : branches corymbed : calyx im- 
bricate ; stem smoothish. About Sor 4 feet 
high. 

miser (Can. Au. 2/.) leaves sessile lanceolate ser« 
rate glabrous: calyx imbricate, leafets acute: 
ee of the disk and ray equal ; stem sub-vil- 
ose. 

divergens (C. w-r.S, 2%.) leaves elliptic-lanceo- 
late serrate glabrous ; cauliné ones linear lan- 
ceolate elongated : branches spreading: calyx 
imbricate : stem pubescent. 5S to 5 feet highs 
flowers small. _ 

diffusus (P. w.S. to Nov. 2.) leaves elliptic-lanceo- 
late serrate glabrous all proportioned : branch- 
es spreading: calyx imbricate: stem pubes- 
cent. Flowers smail. 

pendulus (P. w. Oc. Noy. 2.) leaves elliptic-lanceo- 
late serrate glabrous ; those of the branchlets 

- remotish : branches very divaricate pendulous ; 
stem pubescent. Resembles the preceding ; 
but the disk turns brown. | 


ASTRAGALUS, 80. 


glaux (milk vetch. E. ©.) caulescent, diffuse : 
_ the little heads peduncled imbricate ovate; 
flowers erect ; legume ovate callous inflated. 
2 
Aen 


“rs 


162 ASTRAGALUS, ATHYRIUM. 


depressus (trailing vetch. E. 21.) sub-caulescent, 
procumbent: leafets obovate: raceme shorter 
than the petiole: legume terete lanceolate re- 
fiexed. e 

secundus (Can. p. Ju. 2.) caulescent, procum- 
bent: leafets ovate pubescent : spikes pedun- 
cled : Jegumes one-way strait acuminate, both 
ends pendulous. 

canadensis (P. C. y. Ju. 2.) caulescent diffuse : 
Jeafets (21) glabrous both sides: legume sub- 
cylindric mucronate. 

carolinianus (P. y. J. 2.) caulescent, erect : leaf- 
ets (41) oblong, pubescent beneath : spikes 
peduncled : bracts lanceolate of the length of 
the peduncle : legumes ovate tumid beaked. 


ATHEROPOGON, 32. 


apludoides (hair-beard. P. S. 2/.) leaves narrow: 
flowers alternate on aspike About a foct high. 


ATHYRIUM, 103. 
1. Frond pinnate. 


thelypteris (snuffbox fern. C. P. Ju. 2%.) leafets 
“ponengie lJance-linear, glabrous ; divisions of 
eafets acute, fruit-dots marginal, at length 
confluent. 


2. Frond doubly-pinnate, leafets with toothed ser- 
ratures. 


fiix-femina (P. Ju. 21.) fruit-dots strait, oblong: 
leafets lance-oblong. 

aspleniodes (P. New-England. Ju. 2.) fruit-dots 
lunate. 

angustum (C. P. J. 4.) frond bipinnate, leafets 
lanceolate, gash-serrate, serratures sub-den- — 
tate, the lower one elongated above : fruit-dots 
oblong sublunate. iS. 


ATHYRIUM, ATRIPLEX. 163 


8. Same with leafets serrate. 


bulbiferwm (C. P. Ju. 24.) leafets opposite: fruit- 
dots roundish, lower leafets pinnatifid. 


4. Same with leafets notched, or toothed. 


tenue(P. Ju. 2.) leafets decurrent, toothed: fruit- 
dots solitary, near the teeth. 

rufidu'wm (C. P. J. 2.) leafets setose-chaffy be- 
neath, oblong obtu > crenate, coadunate : fruit- 
dots at length confluent. 

punctilobum (P. Jue 2/.) leafets decurrent, ovate- 
oblong, pinnatifid, the divisions about 4-toothed 
furnished with a solitary fruit-dot : midribs pu- 
bescent : stipes glabrous. 


ATRAGENE, 67. 


americana (C. P. b. M. bh.) leaves in fours, ter- 
nate ; leafets cordate, subentire : climbing. 


ATRIPLEX, 44. 


halimus (orach. C. h.) leaves alternate or op- 
posite, oblong-subrhomboid entire. 
hortensis (garden orach. Ju. @.) stem erect her- 
baceous : leaves triangular toothed of an uni- 
form colour: calyx of the fruit ovate, netted, 
entire. » 
laciniata (C. J. &.) stem erect herbaceous ; 
leaves triangular deeply toothed white be- 
neath: calyx of the fruit rhomboid 3-nerved 
denticulate. 
patula (C. Ju. ©.) procumbent ; stem herba- 
- ceous spreading : leaves triangular-lanceolate: 
calyx of the fruit triangular acute, toothed at 
_. the margin, 


i64 ATROPA, AVENA. 
ATROPA, 39. 


belladonna (deadly nightshade. E. w-y. 1.) stem 
herbaceous, brachiate : leaves ovate entire, 
Berries black and poisonous. | 

physaloides (P. w-b. Ju. ©.) stem very branch- 
ing : calyx membranaceous, 5-angled, net- 
veined : berry fleshy covered with the calyx, 
Nicandra physaloides of Persoon. 


AUCUBA, 92. 


x 
japonica (japan shrub. E. y- J. hk.) leaves oppo- 
site, serrate, with yellowish spots, 


AVENA, 32. 


sativa (oats. E. J. ©.) panicled: calyx 2-seeded ; 
seeds smooth, one of them awned. First dis- 
covered in the island of Juan Fernandes, A 
variety is awniess and has black seeds. 

sterilis (animated oats. E. Ju. €.) panicled : 
calyx about 5-flowered : florets hairy, the mid- 
dle ones awnless. When dry the heads are set 
3 mae if moistened, by the warmth of the 

vand. 

fatua (P. Au. @.) panicled : calyx 3 flowered ; 
florets spreading, all awned and the base rough- 
haired. . 

elatior (W. H. J. %.) panicle sub-contracted nod- 
ding: glume 2-flowered ; flerets, perfect sub- 
awnless, staminate awned : culm geniculate 
glabrous : root creeping. . 

spicata (W.- P. J.2/.) panicle sub-spiked few-flow- 
ered : calyxes in spikelets 6-flowered longer 
than the vapor : valves awned outwardly 
from the 2-horned apex ; awn spiral at the bases 
leaves sub-bristle-form villose at the neck. 

pensylvanica (P. New-England. J. ©.) panicle 
tapering : calyx 2-flowered ; seed villose; awn — 
twice as long as the calyx, 3 wr 


eee 


ATALEREO US. 165 
AZALEA, 40. 


lapponica (mountain honeysuckle. Whitehilis. 
p- Ju. &.) leaves oval, punctate, excavated, 
rough: corol bellform. 

procumbens (Whitehills. r. Ju.) .) leafy flowered 2 
branches diffuse-procumbent : leaves opposite 
eliptic onthe margin revolute: corol bell- 
form glabrous: filaments inclosed equal. Flow- 
ers small; resembles Ledum buxifolium : al 
the other species resemble the Rhododendron. 

ealendulacea (P. rv. & y. Ap. .) sub-nakedflower- 
ed: leaves oblong pubescent both sides, and 
when full-grown become rough-haired : flowers 
abundant large not viscous : teeth of the calyx 
oblong : corol with a hirsute tube shorter than 
its divisions. A variety. flammea, has a flame- 
coloured flower. Another, cracea, has a saffron- 
coloured flower. 

canescens (Catskill mountains. r. J. bh.) sub- 
nakedflowered : leaves obovate-oblong pubes- 
cent on the upper side and downy beneath 5 
nerves not bristie-bearing: flowers not viscous : 
tube of the cerol scarcely shorter than its di- 

| visions: teeth of the calyx very short round- 
obtuse : stamens scarcely exsert. 

nudiflora (early honeysuckle. O. r. M. h.} 

~ sub-nakedflowered : leaves lanceolate-oblong, 
sinoothish both sides, uniform-coloured : 
nerves on the upper side downy and beneath 
bristly ; margin ciliate: flowers abundant not 

~ viscous; them tubes longer than their divis- 
ions : teeth of the calyx short oval sub-round- 
ed: stamens very much exsert. A variety, 
‘coccinea, has scarlet flowers and lanceolate 

~ Jeaves. Another, rutilans, has deep red fiow- 

ers and minute calyx. Another, carnea, has 
ale red flowers, with red bases and leafy ca- 

lyx. . Another, alba, has white fiowers witha 

middling calyx. Another, papilionacea, has 


106 AZALEA, BACCHARIS. | 


red flowers with the lower divisions white, calyx 
leafy. Another, partita, has flesh-coloured 
flowers 5-parted to the base. Another, polyan- 
dria, has rose-coloured flowers with from 10 to 
20 stamens. 

nitida (swamp honeysuckle. Y. C. w. J. hk .) leafy- 
flowered: branches smoothish: leaves few 
oblanceolate sub-mucronate leathery, glabrous 
both sides and the upper side shining ; nerve 
bristle-bearing beneath, margin revelute-cil- 
iate : flowers viscous, tube a little longer than 
the divisions : calyx very short; filaments ex- 
sert. Leaves dark green, smallish. 

“viscosa (white honeysuckle. O. w. J. bh.) leafy- 
flowered : branches hispid: leaves oblong-ob- 
ovate acute, both sides glabrous and one-colour- 
ed: nerve bristle-bearing, margin ciliate : 
flowers viscous, tube twice as long as the divis- 
ions: teeth of the calyx very short rounded : 
filaments scarcely longer than the corol. Flow- 
ers very sweet scented. ; 

glauca (fragrant honeysuckle. P. w. J. 2.) lea- 
fy-flowered : branchlets hispid : leaves oblance- 
olate acute, both sides glabrous and glaucous 
beneath ; nerve bristle-bearing, margin cil- 
iate : flowers very viscous : tube of the corol © 
twice as long as its divisions : calyx very short ; 
filaments about equal to the divisions of the co- 
rol. Rather lower than the other species ; flaw- 
ers abundant. 


B. 
BaccwaRris, 84. 


halimifolia (groundsel tree. C. w. S. hk.) leaves _ 
obovate, gash-toothed above: paniclecompound — 
leafy, fascicles peduncled. ‘The whole shrub — 
covered with white powder, +. ee la 


— 


BACCHARIS, BAEMYCES. 167 


angustifolia (ploughman’s spikenard. Southern 
states. w. Ju. kh.) very glabrous much branch- 
ed-panicled : leaves narrow-linear entire : pan- 
icle compound many-flowered : calyx small, 
about 20-fiowered. 


BaEMYCES, 117. 


1. Crustaceous, nearly uniform : kuobs on short 
solid cylindric simple soft stocks. 


rosea, thin, leprous, a little granular, greyish- 
' white: stalks very short, cylindric white : 
knobs simple flattish, becoming tumid and lob- 
ed, flesh colour. 
byssoides (H. W.) greenish-grey, mealy: stalks 
white compressed, dilated upwards : knobs 
globular, becoming clustered brown. 


2. Leafy cartilaginous-crustaceous imbricate : 
knobs on long cylindric, mostly solid stalks, 
wlich are simple or divided at tep. 


symphycarpa, segments cut-crenate, grey-green- 
ish brown, white beneath: stalks short, the co- 
lour of the frond, a little pervious and slightly 
branched at top: knobs crowded, brown. 
cariosa, segments minute, cut-crenate, whitish- 
green : stalks carious, cancellated, rough, 
_whitish-green, a little pervious and branched 
at top: knobs are crowded, purplish-black. 
delicata, segments very minute, linear many- 
cleft, curled, petioled, rather erect, mealy, 
white : stems filiform, naked, simple and 
somewhat divided : knobs clustered, pale 
brown becoming black. 
pillaria, lobes very minute, rounded-crenatey 
greenish-grey : stalks fistular, inflated, sim- 
- ple or slightly divided, greenish-grey : kno’s 
Simple, red-brown, 


168 


3. Leafy cartilaginous-crustaceous, anbricate: 


stalks fistular, cupped ai top. 


bacillaris, segments in manygsinuate-crenate di- 
visions : stems filiform, greyish-white; cups 
nearly cylindric, minute, entire, closed or none: 
knobs scarlet. 

coccifera (scarlet lichen. 0.) lobes cut-crenate : 
stems short, ebconic greenish-grey: cups dila- 
ted, entire, closed : knobs marginal, nearly ses- 
sile, larger, scarlet. ' 

deformis, lobes cut-crenate : stems long, thick, a 
little inflated, pale yellowish-grey : cups irreg- 
ular, toothed, closed, becoming pervious : 
knobs marginal scarlet. 

beldifiora, lobes minute, cut-crenate : stems long, 
cylindric, slightly branched, rough pale-green- 
ish: cups terminal, clavate Sage snobs mar- 
ginal, globular, very minute, much crowded, 
scarict. ; 

pyaidata (H.) lobes cut-crenate : stems short, 
obconic: cups dilated, wineglass-form, closed, 
entire : knobs maxginal, dark-brown. 

cornuia (brittle lichen. H. W. Y.) lobes cut-cre- 
nate : stems long. simple, a little inflated, 
pointed, barren cup-bearing : cups cylindric, 
closed, nearly entire: knobs minute, marginal, 
sessile, brown. 

gracilis, lobes cut-crenate : stems long, filiform, 
pointed, barren cup-bearing : cups wineglass- 
form, closed, subulate-toothed : knobs pedicell- 
ed, brown. 

pentricosa, segments deeply cut and crenate : 
stems erect, rigid, inflated, grey scaly rough- 
ish : cups obsolete, pervious, radiate-branch- 
ed : knobs terminal, pale brown. 

alcicornis, lobes rather erect, sinuate-lobed, ob-— 
tuse: stems leafy all over, short: cups mi- 
nute, turbinate : knobs marginal, nearly ses- 


sile, blackish-brewn, ie 


i ssi BALLOTA. 169 


| a3 
purecha, lobes sub-erect, deep-manycleft, sub- 
innate, narrowed : cups supra-foliaceous, tur- 
inate, torn-toothed : stems becoming branch- 
ed, thick inflated ; branches very short 
jecting, denticulate at top ; knobs clustered, 
ay. 


4. Leafy, cartilaginous-crustaceous, evanescent : 
stem vas ti long, rigid, tapering, shrub- 


by-branche 


uncialis. closely tufted, tubular, greenish-white ; 
branches short ; spread, radiate-steilate toothed 
and perforated at top ; knobs small, globular, 
tawny. ) 

adunca, scattered, tubular, pale-hoary, vaguely 
branched, radiately hook-spinous and perforat- 
ed at the tips and axils: knobs on the termin- 
al spines, pale rust-colour. 

rangijerina (Y. H.W. A.) cylindric. tubular, erect, 
much branched, greyish, perforated at the ax- 
ils ; branchlets recurved at their tips: knobs 
$ or 4 together, globular, red-brown. 

furcata, cylindric, tubular, erect, tapering, grey- 
brown ; branches ascending dichotomous and 
ferked : knobs dull brown. 

spinosa, nearly cylindric. tubular, grey-brown, 

_ vaguely branched ; branches effuse, curved, 
flexuous, with spines pointing backwards ; fer- 
tile branchlets sub-digitate, with brown knobs. 

vermicularis, stems tubular, sub-filiform, subu- 
late, almost simple, prostrate, pure white. 


Bawuora, 69. ; 


_nigra (false motherwort. Y. 1%. naturalized and 
grows wild about New-Haven.) Leaves heart- 
orm, undivided, serrate ; leafets of the calyx 
_ ‘acuminate. Ives. 


170 BALSAMITA, BA 
BaLsaMITa, 84. 


suavolens ( costmary, sweet tansey. E. 1.) leaves 
toothed ; upper ones with eared bases. 


BaRreuLa, 107. 


apiculata (spiral tooth-moss. W. M.) stem short, 
simple: leaves remotish lance-oblong, acumin- 
aie, erect spread, capsule oblong ; lid beak- 


ed. 

acuminata (W. J.) leaves linear : capsule cylin- 
dric, erect ; lid acuminate. 

Jumnilis, short, nearly simple: leaves oblong- 
shea. acuminate, keeled, crowded, erect, 
spread : capsule oblong : lid acuminate, 

fullax, branched: leaves lance-linear, acuminate, 
keeled, recurve-spreading : capsule oblong, lid 
oblique. 

tertuosa, branched: leaves awl-form, spread, 
twisted when dry: capsule ovate-oblong : lid 
eonic, erect. | 


BARTONIA, 34. 


paniculata (screwstem. Y. N. P. C. w. Ju. ©.) 
stem somewhat branching, 4-sided, somewhat 
spirally twisted : peduncles opposite. Stem 
nearly leafless, 5 or 6 inches high, 


BarRTRAMIA, 108. 
1. Peduneles taller than the stem. 


fontana (paper-tooth moss) branches fascicled, 
nearly simple, cylindric : leaves ovate, point- 
ed, serrulate at ie close-pressed. a 

marchia, branches fascicled, nearly simple ae . 
cylindric : leaves lanceolate, pointed, entire j 
erect, spread. a 


| BARTRAMIA, BATSCHIA. 278 


menziesia, stem long, forked, cylindric : leaves 

- lance-subulate, entire, close-pressed : pedun- 
cles about equalling the stem. 

oederiana, stem long, somewhat divided: branches 
scattered : leaves lanceolate, acute, serrulate, 
reflex-spread. 

erispa, stem nearly simple : leaves bristle-form, 
serrate, spread, curled when dry : capsule in- 
clined : lid obtusely conic. 


2. Peduneles shorter than the leaves. 


arcuata, branched: leaves lanceolate, serrate, 
striate, recurve-spread : peduncles lateral curv- 
ed ; capsules pendulous. 

Aalleriana stem slightly divided : leaves subulate, 
serrulate, erect-spread peduncles lateral, cury- 
ed : capsule pendulous. 


Barrsta, 71. 


coccinea (painted cup. Y. P.y:& rv. J. 5.) leaves 
alternate linear gash pinnatifid ; divisions lin- 
ear: bracts dilated generally 3-cleft longer 
than the flowers : teeth of the calyx rounded- 
obtuse. Flowers yellow with scarlet bracts. 
One variety, pallens, has yellow bracts. 

padlida (Whitelhills. w-y. Au. 2.) leaves alter- 
nate linear undivided ; upper ones lanceolate ; 
floral ones sub-oval, sub-toothed at the summit 5 
all are S-nerved: teeth of the calyx acute. 


BaTHELIUM, 113. 
mastoideum (olive lichen.) effuse, glabrous, some-_ 
what cartilaginous, uneven, olive-brown: Ye- — 


ceptacles nearly globular, opening alter the lid — 
falls off. 


Cy > Bavscuia, 37. 
<< 
a (puccoon, false bugloss. P. y. Tu. 2. 


whitening-villose: leaves all oblong: calyx 


| 


ME = Sar = 
BELLIS, BETULA) = f= 4 
fey igh | 
very short : divisiens of the cerol entire. A ' 
red substance covering the reotis the puccoon 
of the Indians. Sis 


— 
Be wis, 85. 


perennis (daisy. E. w. & p. Ap. UY.) leaves obe- 
vate, crenate : scape naked, 1-flowered. 


ae: BERBERRIS, 48. 
reulgaris (barberry. H. N. Y. C. P. y. M. hk.) 


branches punctate: prickles mostly in threes: 
leaves obovate, remotely serrate : flowers ra- 
2 

Bera, 44. 


wulgaris (beet. E. g. Au. &.) flowers heaped to- 
gether : lower leaves ovate. 

cicla (white beet, scarcity. E. 3.) flowers in 
threes : radical leaves petioled, cauline ones 
sessile: lateral spikes very long. 


BrtTonica, 69. 


officinalis (betony. E.) spike interrupted : upper 
lip entire, middle division of the lower lip 
emarginate : calyx and bract glabrous, 


BETULA, 95. 


populifotia (white birch, poplar birch. N. C. Ju. .} 
eaves deltoid long-acuminate unequally ser- 
rate, very glabrous ; scales of the strobile with 
rounded lateral lobes : petioles glabrous. 30 
to 40 feet high. . ‘itt 
exceisa (tall birch, yellow birch. C. W.N.J.k.) | 
leaves ovate acute serrate : petioles pubescent — 
_ shorter than the peduncle: scales of the stro- 


a ee 


’BETULA, BIDENS. 
bile with rounded lateral lobes. 70 to 80 feet 


#* 


rubra (red birch. M. hk.) leaves rhombic-ovate 
doubly-serrate acute pubescent beneath, base 
entire : pistillate ament ovate ; scales villose ; 
divisions linear equal. About 70 feet high 5 
excellent cabinet timber. B. nigra. 

papyracea (paper birch, canoe birch. C. W. hk.) 
eaves ovate acuminate doubly-serrate ; veins 
hirsute beneath ; petiole glabrous : pistillate 
ament peduncled nodding ; scales wulth lateral 
short sub orbicular lobes. Has a paper-like 
bark, of which the Indians construct canoes. 

fenta (spicy birch, cherry birch. O. M. hk.) leaves 
heart-ovate sharp-serrate acuminate ; nerves 
and petioles pilose beneath : scales of the stro- 
bile glabrous with obtuse equal lobes having 
elevated veins, Large tree whose wood is much 
like mahogany ; very sweet-scented. B, ni- 
gra. Wangh. 

glandulosa (scrub birch. C. P. M. bh.) branches 
glandular-dotted glabrous : leayes obovate ser- 
rate at the base entire glabrous sub-sessile = 
pistillate ament oblong, scales half-3-cleft : seed 
a eae with a narrow margin. About 2 feet 
ugh. 

pumila (dwarf birch. C. P. J. kh.) branches 
“pubescent dotted : leaves orbicular-obovate pe- 
tioled, dense-pubescent beneath :  pistillate 
ament cylindric. 2 or 3 feet high. 


Biwens, 84. 


cernua {water bomen Heke: O. y. Au. &.) flow-— 
ers sub-rayed drooping : outer calyx longer — 
than the flower : leaves lanceolate sub-connate 
toothed. One variety, minima, has sessile 
_leaves and erect flowers and seeds. Another 
Variety, coreopsis, has serrate opposite clasping 
Bit leaves. 
ia P 92 


174, BIDENS, BLECHNUM. 


chrysanthemoides (daisy beggar-ticks. O. y. Au- 
©.) flowers rayed drooping, the ray thrice as 
long as the sub-equal calyx : leaves oblong, ta- 
pering to both ends, toothed, connate. Flow- | 
ers large 5 2, 5 or 4 awns to'® seed. 
froniosa (burr-marygold. O. y. Ju. &.) flowers 
discoid : outer calyx six times as leng as the 
_ flower, leafets ciliate at the base: lower leaves 
pinnate, upper ones ternate lanceolate serrate. 
connata (P. y. Ju. ©.) flowers discoid : outer ca- 
rice as long as the flower: cauline leaves 
lateral leafets connate, floral ones ob- 


= ee 


pilosa (P. Ju. &.) flowers discoid : outer calyx of 
length of the inner: lower leaves pinnate, 
upper ones ternate ; leafets oblong, a terminal 

_ _ lanceolate one twice as long as the rest. 

_ bipinnata (hemlock beggar-ticks. P. y. Ju. @.) 
flowers sub-rayed: outer calyx of the length of 
the inner. Leaves doubly pinnate, leafets lance- 
olate pinnatifid. 


as 
 Bienonta, 72. 


gadicans (trumpet flower. P. r. & y. Ju. b .) leaves 
pinnate : leafets ovate toothed acuminate : 
corymb terminal: tube of the corol thrice as 
jong as the calyx : stem rooting. Most beau- 
tiful climbing shrub. Une variety, flammed, — 
has yellow-scarlet flowers. Another variety. 
coccinea, has bright scarlet flowers. ) 


Bignonia, see Catalpa. 
BLECHNUM, 102. 


borealis (Roman fern. Au. 2%.) barren frond pin- 
natifid, divisions lanceolate obtusish parallel : 
fertile frond pinnate, leafets linear acuminate. 
serrulatum ( 2; .) frond pmnate ; leafets lanceolate, 
tapering to both ends, at the base decurrent 

_ sharp serrate. 


.% BLITUM, BOLETUS. 175, 


-* 


Peay Buirum, 25. 

capitatum (strawberry blite, W. C.r. J. oo heads 

- materminal spike, not intermixed with leaves: 
leaves triangular toothed. 

virgatum (slender blite. P. r. J. ©.) lateral 
heads scattered, top ones leafy ; leaves trian- 
gular toothed. 


BoruMeERrta, 92. 


cylindrica (false nettle, round head. C. P. Au. ¥.) 
leaves opposite ovate-oblong acuminate toothed 
glabrous : flowers sub-divecious : staminate 
spikes glomerate interrupted : pistillate es 
cylindric: stem herbaceous. About 2 feet high. 

lateriflora (P. Ju. 4%.) leaves alternate ovate- 
lanceolate acuminate serrate rough: flowers 
glomerate lateral: stem herbaceous, Leaves 
3-nerved, and on long petioles. 


Boietvus, 117. 
1. On a stem. 
bovinus (honey-comb toadstool) tubes not touch- 


ing the stem, unequal in length : pileus thin-. 


edged, brown clammy large ; flesh spongy 
white : stem dirty-white with reddish stains, 
7 inches high, and 1 inch diameter. 

edulis, tubes not fixed to the stem, readily parting 

- from the pileus ; pores circular, small: pileus 

_ brown with rust-coloured patches, nearly 
globular, about 7 or 8 inches across : flesh white, 
greenish when wounded: stem light brownish- 
yellow, tapering upwards. 

eommunis, deep scarlet, convex ; pores yellow 
stem reddish-yellow. 

rubeolarius, dark-green, hemispherical: pores 
deep crimson : stem bulbous. 

perennis, flattish, tawny with darker zones : pores 

ochre-brown ; stem tawny. 


if 


ine 
eae 


Liye %, 


176 BOLETUS, _ col x 


rather angular, truncate, with the — angie 
granular. 
luteus, viscid, cushion-like, deep buff striate : tubes 
round deep-yellow : stem @nnulate. 
frondosus, greyish-brown; lobed, imbricate, tubes 
whitish : stem black at the base. 
betulinus, pinky-brown, incurved: tubes pure 
white, short : stem short, black. . 
substrictus, dirty yellow, convex, thin: pores 
pale yellow angular: stem dirty yellow, tough. 
sublomentiions, yellow, sub-downy : pores sub-an- 
gular, tawny : stem yellow. 
lateralis, dead yellow, thin smooth, tubes yellow, 
short : stem yellow, lateral. 


granulatus, viscid, cushion-like : pores round a 


2, Stemless. 


igniarius (touchwood. O.) tubes very slender with 
fine pores, yellowish changing to red-brown : 
pileus in the form of a horse’s hoof. 

versicolor (O.) tubes short minute: pileus thin, 
velvety, striped with various-coloured concen- 
tric circles. Smaller than igniarius. 

albidus, white tender. cushion-like. 

angustatus, rich purple, zoned, lobed, convex : 
pores duil yellow. 

impuber, rich tawny, convex, crenate-lobed : 
pores tawny -brown. | 

fomentarius, cushion-like, uneven, obtuse, brown : 
pores round, equal, glaucous or rusty 

velutinus, irregular, villous, grey or black: tubes 
brown-yellow: pores pale brown. 

labyrinthiformis, kidney-form, wrinkled, zoned, 
brick-red: tubes red-brown, long. 

hepaticus, tubes distinct: thick, soft, red, lobed : 
pores round, pale yellow. 

pectinatus, white or buff becoming brown: tubes 
oblique, cohering at the base. 


Bouronta, 87. 


asteroides (false aster. P. w-r. Au. 2/.) leaves ve- 
ry entire : flowers long peduncled : seed oval 
glabrous sub-awnless. 

glastifolia false chamomile. P. w. Ju. %.) lower 
leaves serrate: flowers short-peduncled: seeds 
obcordate apparently winged pubescent ; awns 
of the pappus two of equal length with them- 
selves, wey 


Boraco, 37 


officinalis (borage. E, b. Ju. @.) leaves alternate : 
calyx spreading. * 

africana (E.. ©.) leaves opposite petioled ovate : 
peduncle many-flowered. 


Botrycuium, 105. 


fumarioides (grape fern. ©. P. J.) scape naked, 
frond glabrous, near the root 3-parted-2-pin- 
nate ; leafets lunate crenate : spikes pinnate. 
abliquuim (P. J. Ju.) scape below 1-fronded ; frond 
subdoubly-ternate ; Teafets oblong-lanceolate 
serrulate, dilated at the base unequally heart- 
form: spikes doubly pinnate. Perhaps only a 
variety of the last. 
disseclum (P. J.) scape-below 1-fronded ; frond 3- 
_ parted 2-pinnatifid, divisions linear 2-parted at. 
the apex 2-toothed. 
virginicum (N. W. C. P. J. Ju.) hirsute: scape 
in the middle fronded; frond sub-ternate 3- 
parted 2-pinnatifid ; leafets gash-pinnatifid, di- 
Visions obtuse sub-3-teothed, spikes 2-pinnate 
diyaricate. Large. (rattlesnake fern.) 
gracile (C. ¥. W. P. A.J.) glabrous : scape inthe 
_ middle frended; frond 3-parted 2-pinnatifid, 
divisions gash-subpinnatifid acute subtoothed : 
spikes slender pinnate erect. Smaller. — 


, 


a 


i78 BRACHYSTEMUM, BR’ 


BracuoysteEmMrM, 68. 


werticillatum (virginian thyme. C. P. w. J. 2/.) 
leaves lance-ovate, entire ; flowers in sessile; 
compact whorls : bracts acuminate. 

banceolatum (C. P w. Ju. 1.) stem stiffly erect, 
very branching, roughish: leaves lance-limear, 
bet entire: heads terminal, fascicle-cory niv- 
edn, ‘ 

virginicum (0. w. Ju. 1.) stem stiffly erect, very 
branching, roughish: leaves linear 3-nerved, 
entire : heads terminal, fascicle-corymbed, 
nearly level-topped. 


Brasenia, see Hydropeltis. 
BRAssica, 75. 


orientalis (perfoliate cabbage. E. %.) leaves 
heart-form cizsping glabrous ; radical ones en- 
tire : silique 4-sided. __ , 

am (kale or cele. E. 5 .) root caulescent fusi- 
orm : leaves smooth, upper ones heart-lanceo- 

late clasping, lower ones lyrate toothed. (Rape.) 


rapa (turnip. E. %.) reot caulescent orbicular 


depressed fleshy : radical leaves rough, cau- 
line ones very entire smooth. 

oleracea (common cabbage, including all the va- 
rieties caused by culture. E %.) root caules- 
cent terete fleshy : leaves smooth glaucous re- 
pand and lobate. (esculent cabbage.) 


Briza, 52. 


canadensis (quake grass. H. C. M. 2.) panicle 
lax ; spikelets erect 4 to 20-flowered, the com- 
mon glume smallish ; outer valve of the flow- 
er acute ovate: leaves long : culm erect. 

eragrostis (P. Ju. 2.) spikelets oval-lanceolate 


> 


~ s y 
B ZA, BROUSSONETIA. 179 


- 20-flowered, flowers sub-acute : neck of the 
sheathing leaves pilose: culm geniculate de- 
cumbent. 

media (P. New-England. M. ¥.) sheath striate, 
glabrous : panicle erect, spreading ; with the 
branches in pairs ; spikelets subtriangular : 
corol equalling the calyx, one valve broad, the 

- other compressed. 

maxima (vattiesnake grass. E. &.) spike cor- 
date, about 7-flowered. Flowers very large. 
| 6 mes 


Brometta, 48. e 


ananas (pine apple. E. 2.) flowers ciliate-spinose 


mucronate ; spikes comose. 
Bromus, 382. 


secalinus (chess. O. J. ©.) panicle nodding ; spike- 
lets ovate compressed : glumes naked distinct ; 
awns subulate  straitish-zigzag. Probably 
from Europe, common in rye and wheat-fields. 

siliatus (C. W. P. J. &.) panicle nodding ; spike- 
lets oblong compressed 6 to 8-flowered, florets 
awned at the margin cilliate-villose : sheaths 
and both sides of the leaves subpilose : culm 
bearded at the joints. 

pubescens (broom grass. C. P. J. 71.) culm hairy 
below, Sewer brown : stipules very short : pan- 
-icle at length nodding, pubescent : calyx less 
than corol, 8 to 12-flowered : corol pubescent, 
‘one valve awned beneath the apex. 


purgans (C, WV. P. Au. Y.) panicle nodding spike- 


jets lanceolate terete : florets awned pilose, 
awns erect: leaves glabrous beth sides, their 
sheaths pilose. 


BRrovussoneETIA, 98. 


papyrifera (paper mulberry. E. M. hk )leaves subs 
cordate, lubaie and undivided. 


_ q - 
be a 
- - 


e 
ue 


iso  BROWALLIA, = 2 


Browati 5 ae 
elaia (E, b. ©.) peduncles one or many flowered, 
Bryvum, 108. 


conoideum (thread moss. W.) stem divided : leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, entire, imbricate, spread: 
capsule pear-form, erect: lid subulate, curved. 

o> nearly simple: leaves ovate-lan- 
ceolate, serrate at top, imbricate, spread : cap- 
sule oblong, erect : lid conic. 

palustre, stem forked: leaves lanceolate, pointed, 
entire : capsule oblong, oblique: lid conic. 

nutans (W.) simple: leaves lanceolate, serrate at 
top, spread : capsule oblong, pendulous : lid 
convex. : 

aureum, simple : leaves bristle-form, entire, zig- 
zag: capsule pear-form, contracted in the mid- 


dle, pendulous: lid conic, bossed. 
neu, nearly simple: leaves lanceolate, acute, 
entire, rather remote: capsule pendulous : lid 


~ convex, bossed. 
capillare, slightly branched : leaves obovate, ob- 
- tuse, awned, concave, involute when dry : cap- 
sule clavate, pendulous. 
caespititium, slightly branched ; leaves ovate-lan- 
ceolate, entire, flat, awned : roe ovate-ob- 
jong, pendulous : lid flat, bossed. 
bicolor, slightly branched, very short: leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, pointed, entire : capsule ovate, 
pendulous : lid convex, bossed. 
argenteum, slightly branched : leaves ovate con- 
cave, awned, imbricate, entire: capsule ob- 
long, pendulous. 
julaceum, slightly branched : leaves ovate, con- 
cave, obtuse, entire, imbricate: capsule cla- 
vate, pendulous. ) 


ay RA, CACALIA, —18t 


opts 
BucuneEra, 72, 


americana (blue-hearts. P. b. Au. 1.) leaves lane 


ecolate, S-nerved, toothed. 


Bunias, 73. 


- 
‘maritima (sea rocket. H. C. Ju. @.) leaves obo- | 


vate, sinuate : silicles with two smooth, 1-seed- 
ed, toothless joints. Big. 7 


BurpHTHALMUM, 87. 


grandiflorum (ox-eye. E. 4.) leaves alternate, 
lanceolate, sub-denticulate, glabrous, 


BUuXxBAuUMIA, 109 


aphylla (leafless moss) capsule peduncled : leaves 
none. 

foliosa (stemiess moss) capsules subsessile : leaves 
erect linear-subulate, i-nerved, __ babi .* 


Buxvs, 93. .-s 


sempervirens (box. E. h .) leaves ovate, petioled, 
somewhat hauy at the margin: anthers ovate 
arrowiorin. Var. angustifolia, ieaves lanceolate. 
Var. suffruticosa,.Jeaves obevate, stem hardly 
woody. 


C 
CAacaLia, 94, 


suaveolens (wild caraway. P.w. Au, 2/.) stem her- 
baceous : leaves petioled halbdert-arrowtorm 
serrate glabrous one-columned : flowers co- 
ry bed erect: calyx many-lowered. From 3 
to 4 feet high. 
Q 


“So. 
obi 


cs 


: muricate, incurved. 
oa 


182 CACALIA, CALICIUM. 

atriplicifolia (orach caraway. P. w. Au. 2.) stem 
herbaceous : leaves petioled glabrous glaucous 
beneath, radical ones cordate toothed, cau- 
line ones rhomboid sub-2-toothed both sides : 
flowers corymbed erect : calyx 5-flowered. 
Flowers smail. A 

reniformis (P. w. Au. 7.) stem herbaceous : leaves 
petioled glabrous beneath, pilose at the veins : 
‘Fadical on mple heart-kidneyform repand- 
toothed ; cauline ones toothed, at the base 
wedge-form entire: corymbs Rey es oe a 
calyx many flowered. From 5 to 10 feet high 


Cactvs, 62. 


flagelliformis (creeping cereus. E.r. Ju. k .) creep- 
ing, cylindric, er 10-angled, yet | 

- opuntia (prickly pear. Y. P. C. Catskill. y. J. Y.) 
proliferous ; compressed and ovate between the 
isthmusses : bristles fascicular. Flowers large. 


The plant appears like a series of thick succu- 
“ent eav one growing from the top of ano- 


— ae 
C 


a 
akiie, see Bunias. 


7 
J CAaLENDULA, 88. 


officinalis (pot-marygold. E. y. ©.) seed keeled, 


+ a aed 


Caticium, 112. 


strigonelium (fungus lichen.) crust none : puffs ses- 
sile, nearly globular, minute, black, with a flat- 
tish opake disk, and thin glabrous margin. 

turbinatum, puffs turbinate. nearly sessile, black 
rather polished, with a dot-form disk within the 
connivent margin. 

graniforme, granular leprous greyish-white : 


id 


CACTICIUM, CALTHA. 183 
~ puffs scattered roundish, black, olished, wrin- 
ed, mostly-sessile without border. 


CaLia, 94, 


palustris (water arum. W. C. P. H. w. Ju. 2.) 
leaves sub-roundish heart-form acute : spathe 
ovate cuspidate spreading —— Grows 
in wet places. « . 


CaLticarpa, $4, 5 


americana (bermuda mulberry. E.r. J. h .) leaves 
oval serrate, tomentose beneath : cymes ses- 
sile. Flowers in branches, axillary ; berries 
red very permanent. Southern states. 


CALLISTACHIA, 2€. 


virginica (Culver’s physic. A.Y. W.C. P. w. Au. 
2.) spikes terminal : leaves in fours or fives. 
Five or six feet high. Very properly Wescaret: 
ed from the genus Veronica by Mr. Raiinesque. 
‘. 


CALLITRICHE, 25, 

verna (water chickweed or starwort. C. P. Y. W. 
H. w. M. €.) upper leaves spatulate obovate, 
lower ones linear obtuse and emarginate, C. 
heterophylla. 7 


intermedia (P. w. Ju. ©.) upper leaves oval ; cau-— 


line ones linear, 2-cleit at the apex. . 
autumnalis (Y. P. C. w. S. €.) leaves all linear, 
bifid atthe apex : flowers perfect. C. linearis, 
brevifolia (C. Au. ©.) leaves all linear truncate, 
short, approximate. Small, moss-like. 


CaLTua, 66. 


~ 


palustris (American cowslip. 0. y. Ap. 2.) stem 
erect corymbed : leaves jheart-kidneyform, 


bal 


% 


. 


» 4 


A: 
q 


i ad 9 


ol 
184 CALTHA, CAMPANULA. Fan 


lobes spreading, acute-crenate all around ; flo- 
ral leaves sub-sessile : petals ovate. wy 

ficarowies (fg cowslip. C. y J. 2.) stem erect 1- — 
flowered, 1-leafed ; radical leaves heart-ovate, : 
rey obtuse, few toothe i, many-nerved : petals 
elliptic. 

flabellifolia (tooth-leaf cowslip. P. y. J. 2.) stem 
procumbens eaves spread-kidneyform ; lobes 
very spreading, acute and sharp toothed all 
around : peduncles axillary solitary 1-flower- 
ed: petals obovate : capsule hook-beaked. Pro- 
badly the dentata of Mubil. 

integerrima (New England. P. y. M. 2.) stem 
erect corymbed: leaves entire, with a closed 
sinus, orbiculate-heartiorm ; floral leaves ses- 
sile kidney-form, at the base obsoletely-cre- 
nate: petals obovate. 


CALYCANTHUS, 41. 


lina allspice. Southern states. p. 
isions of the calyx lanceolate : leaves 
cute, tomentose beneath ; branches 


CAMPANULA, 41- 


grandiflora (great bellfiower. E. 2{.) leaves ter- 
nate, oblong, serrate : stem 1-flowered ; flow- 
er spreading. 
rotundifolia (flax bellflower, hair-bell. O. b. Ju.%.) 
glabrous : radical leaves kidney-heartform 
crenate ; cauline ones linear entire: panicle lax 
few-flowered, flowers nodding. Without parti- 
cular care the radical leaves will be overlooked, 
americana A b. J. &.) glabrous : leaves heart- 
form and lanceolate serrate ; lower petioles cil- 
iate : flowers axillary sessile ; corol 5-parted 
flat, style longer than the corol. Flowers small, 
2 or 3 in the axils of the leaves ; from 2 to 3 
feet high. 


4 al 
- CAMPANULA, ‘ae 185 


nitida (P. Niagara, b, Ju. %-) very glabrous : ra- 
dical leaves spatulate-oblong leathery cartila- 
ginous, crenate ; cauline ones lanceolate-oblon: 


sub-entire : flowers on branches ; corol bell- — 


wheelform. About aspan high. 

acuminata (P. w-b. Ju. U4.) smoothish erect : 
leaves ovate-lanceolate ending in a long acu- 
minate point, subserrate : spi scicular ma- 
ny-flowered : corol somew wheel-form, 

owers like the americana. 

erinoides (prickly bellflower. O. w-b. J. €&.) slen- 
der : stem simple angular: angles and the mar- 
gin and nerve of ‘the leaves with reversed 
prickles: leaves linear-lanceolate glabrous on 
the upper side ; peduncles few, those on the 
top o the stem flexuose, axillary ones 1-flow- 

ered filiform. Flowers small. 

medium (canterbury bells. E.b. Au. 8.) capsule 
5-celled, covered : stem undivided erect leafy ; 
flowers erect. 

speculum (venus’ looking glass. E. b. Au. €.) 
stem very branching diffuse : leaves oblong, 
subcrenate : flowers solitary, often destitute of 

_ the scales at the base. :. ee i | 

perfoliata (clasping bellflower. O. b. J. @.) stem 
simple erect : leaves heart-form crenate clasp- 


ing: flowers axillary sessile glomerate. Flow- — 


ers small, 


CANNABIS, 99. 


- gativa (hemp. E. g. Au. ©.) stem pilose : pal 


digitate serrate pilose : staminate flowers soli- 
tary axillary, pistillate flowers spiked. . 


Caprifolium, see Lonicera. 


Capsicum, 40. 


annuum (guinea pepper, E. w. Au. @.) stem here 
baceous ; peduncles solitary. ; . 


™ 


Pi 


%, 


ae 
ete 
“< 


_ 


186 -CARDAMINE, CAREX. 
CE wpaMane, 75e 


impatiens (cuckor w flower. FE, w. ©) lentes: pin- 
nate. gashed stipuled : flowers oe 

rotundfolia (Whitehills. w. glu. 2.) stem pro-— 
cum ent, somewhat simple: leaves sub-orbicu- 
late, nearly entire. 

pensylea nage (american watercress. 0. w. M. 1.) 
glabr: nching : leaves imnate : leafets 
roun: lish-obl ong, obtuse, tooth-angled : silique 
narrow erect. 

virginica (P. w. M. ¥ 5 glabrous, erect: leaves 
pinnate ; leafets lanceolate, sub-auricled : sili- 
que long strait erect. 

teres (Ne: v-ngland. Pursh. w.J.%. ) small erect 
ramose : leaves all sublyrate-pinnatifid ; si- 
lique short, terete acuminate. 

hirsuta (P. w. M.) leaves without stipules, pin- 
nate ; leafets rounded, repand-toothed petioled, 
with the terminal one oblong, gashed ; flowers 
toe androus. vi 


“> 
A 


i EE 55. 


siden (heart-seed. E, Au. &.) elahbout - : 
leafets gash-lobate, the terminal one rhomboid, 
A smali climbing plant with small flowers. 


Carpuus, 83. 


peetinatus (comb thistle. P. p. 6.) unarmed : 
_ Jeaves decurrent: peduncles terminal, very 
long, 1-flowered, somewhat leafless ; flowers 
nodding after the discharge of pollen: scales of 
the calyx linear spreading. 


Carex, 91. 


1. Stigmas two; spikes dioecious. 


seirpoidea (Can.) solitary spike imbricate, cylin- 
diic : capsules densely -pabescent : leaves flat. 


oi Rs wn 
“> CAREX. A 187 


- 
sterilis (P. M. 2.) spikes sub-sixfold : fruit 
ovate compressed S-sided acuminate, at the 
apex recurved doubly-cuspidate, margin ciliate- 
serrate. 
2. Stigmas two: spikes single with staminate 
JSlowers at the apex. 


eephalophora (P. J. 2.) spikes aptibeated in an S 
elliptical form: fruit ovate, compressed, bifid, 
margined, ciliate-serrate above. ’ 


3. Sligmas two: spikes several with staminate 
Jlowers at the top. 


arenaria (P. ©. J. Ju. 2%.) spikelets alternate 
crowded, upper ones staminate, lower ones 
pistillate, intermediate ones staminate at the 
apex : capsules ovate margined bifid ciliate- 
serrate: culm incurved. Generally grows in 
loose sand near the sea. 

bromoides (C. M. 2.) spikelets. lone alternate 
remotish sessile : capsules oblong acuminate 
beaked bicuspidate : scales oblong mucronate. 
On dry land. ¥ 

retroflexa (P.W. 2%.) spikelets somewhat in fours 
remotish : fruit ovate 2-toothed glabrous at the 

_ margin, reflexed spreading: scales oblong- 
lanceolate. On dry land. 

stipata (W. Y. C. P. J. 2/.) spikelets somewhat in 

_ fives oblong aggregate : fruit spreading ovate _ 
acuminate bicuspidate convex-flat nerved : _ 

- culm 3-sided very rough. On wet land. 

muricata (©. P. Ma. J. Y%.) spikelets ovate ap- 
proximate, fruit horizontal ovate plano-convex 
2-toothed, margin at the base, which is ciliate- 
serrate. On wet land. 

muhlenbergii (P. Ma. J.) spikelets somewhat in 
fives ovate alternate approximate : fruit round- 
ish-ovate margined compressed 2-toothed cil- 
jate-serrate; scales mucronate. On dry land, 


a oe x tgs . 
188 ‘CAREX, 


multifiora (P. 2%.) spikes in narrow panicles ob- 
long obtus< : fruit ovate acuminate bicuspidate : 
scales ovate mucronate : bracts leafy filiform. 
On wet land. 

sparganioides (P. C. Mato Ju. 2%.) spikelets 
many -flowered, somewhat in eights, ovate, sub- 
approximate : fruit ovate compressed margin-— 
ed bifid, the margin ciliate-serrate horizontal, 
On wet ground. 

divulsa (C. P. J. Ju. ¥.) spike somewhat branch- 
ed at the base ; spikelets ovate approximate, 
lower ones remotish : fruit erectish ovate plano- 
convex 2-toothed ee cae the margin glab- 
rous. On wet ground. 

rosea (P. 2!.) spikelets somewhat in fours remote : 
fruit ovate acuminate 2-toothed, at the margin 
ciliate-serrate horizontal: scales ovate ob- 
tuse: bract leafy at the base of the lower spike. 
On dry land. , 

paniculata (P. Ju. ¥%.) spikes panicled ; fruit 

ovate, margined above, 2-toothed, the margin 
ciliate-serrate : culm 3-sided, On wet land. 


4. Stigmas two: spikes several with pistillate 

oe =< flowers at the top. 

leporina (C. P. J. U.) spikelets in threes round- 
ish-elliptic alternate compact : fruit elliptic com- 
cresand acuminate entire at the orifice, ‘or 
mouth. 

scirpoides (W. P. Ma. Ju. UL.) spikelets some- 
what in fours approximate elliptic : fruit ovate 
2-toothed compressed, at the margin ciliate-ser- 
rate, erect: scales elliptic obtuse. On wet 
ground. 

lagopodioides (€. J. Ju. 2f.) spikelets in twelves, 
alternate elliptic obtuse approximate : fruit 
ovate-lanceolate margined bieuspidate : bract 
leafy very long at the base of the last spike. 
On wet ground. ' 

evalis (C, J. 4.) spikelets somewhat in sixes 


~ CAREX. 189 


roundish-elliptic alternate sub-approximate 
staminate beneath: fruit ovate margined 2- 
toothed ciliate-serrate. On wet ground, 
scoparia (P. C. Ma. to Ju. 4.) spikelets some- 
what in fives alternate elliptic obtuse sub-ap- 
peperuate : fruit ovate-lanceolate margined 
icuspidate : bracts oblong mucronate, Coim- 
mon on wet and dry land. a 
eurla (C. J. U.) spikelets somewhat in sixes al- 
ternate approximate cylindric : fruit ovate 
plano-convex acutish ; at the mouth entire, 
erect, longer than the scales, which are ovate 
~acute. On wet land. 
remota (P. J. 2.) spikelets alternate remote : 
bracts leafy very long somewhat appendaged : 
fruit ovate, acuminate bifid sub-compressed, 
festucacea (W. P, Ma. J. %.) spikelets some- 
what in eights sub-approximate alternate cyl- 
indric, the fruit-bearing ones club-form : fruit 
roundish-ovate beaked 2-toothed, at the mar- 
gin ciliate serrate greater than the scales, 
Which are lanceolate mucronate. Commen on 
dry land. aon ae 


5. Stigmas two: staminate and pistillate flowers 
mostly on distinct spikes. 


saxatilis Magis J. U.) pistillate spikes in 
yairs oblong, the lower one peduncled: fruit el- 
iptic obtuse equalling the oblong obtuse scale : 

- bracts ORE clasping, sub-foliaceous at the 

_ apex; culm glabrous, 

cacspilosa (Y. W. P. Ma. J. 2.) pistillate spikes 
cylindric obtuse, somewhat in threes, distant, 
exsertly-peduncled, lower one very short, fruit 
ovate obtuse, perforated at the mouth, larger 
than the oblong obtuse scale : leaves spreading. 
On wet land, (Staminate spike sometimes sin- 


gle.) ofits 
cruuta (Y. W. C. P. J. Ju. 2.) staminatespikes in 


ee ; a . 


~~ 


: ee owl 
190 CAREX. _ 


pairs : pistillate ones in fours, distant, pedun- | 
eied. pendulous, cylindric: fruit reandish-el- 
liptic, ventricose. very short-beaked, at the or- 
ifice entire, shorter thap the oblong awned 
scale. A variety, paleacea, has cylindric spikes, 
the staminate ones several ; peduncles long, re- 
clined : bracts leafy, distant: scales terminat- 
ed with long serrate sharp points : capsules 
roundish emarginate at the Natice : culm lax. 

acuta(P. ©. J. Ju. 4.) staminate spikes in pairs 
ox in threes ; pistiliate ones somewhat in fours 
sul-peduncled, a little nodding, cylindric, re- 
mote : fruit oblong with a very short beak, at 
the orifice entire perforated, it nearly equais 
the oblong acute scaie. 


6. Stigmas three: spikes with staminate flowers 
’ at the top. 


fraseri (P. Ap. 4.) spike simple ovate: fruit ovate- 
_ subgiobular, at tie orifice entire, longer than 

he oblong scale : leaves lanceolate undulate 
crenulate : scape sheathed at the base. On dry 


é 
ay | 
zi 

- 


wildenowii (P. Ma. J. ¥.) spike simple : fruit al- 
ternate oblong, terete-3-sided, rough, acumin- 
ate: scales ovate acuminate ; the lowest apex 
leafy. On wet land. 

polytrichoides (P. W. J. U.) spike simple ; fruit 

_ eblong-lanceolate compressed-3-sided obtuse 
emarginate: scales oblong obtuse emarginatc. 
On wet ground. C.microstachia. Michaux. _ 

pedunculata (Y. P. Ma. to Ju. U4.) spikes some- — 
what in fours, peduncled, much branched : fruit 
vbovate 3-sided obtuse ; scales oblong obtuse 
mucronate. On dry ground. 

cata (Can. 7.) spikes somewhat in fives pedun- 

cled ovate pendulous : fruit obovate, acute at 
pone ends ; scales ovate acute equalling the cap- 
sule. 


itl 


CAREX: 191 


7. Stigmas three : the terminal spikes pistillate, the 
i oliad! others androgynous. 


~wirescens (C, P. Ma. 2.) the androgynous spike 
linear-peduncled, staminate florets below ; the 
pistillate ones sub-approximate, in pairs, sub- 
peduncled, linear: fruit globular-S-sided, ob- 
tuse, pubescent. Ondry land. | 
hirsuta (P. Ma. J. UL.) androgynous spikes oblong 
obovate, staminate florets below ; the pistillate 
ones remotish, sub-ternate, sub-sessile, oblong : 
fruit ovate very obtuse, obtusely 3-sided : leaves 
and sheaths hirsute. On dry hills. 
buxbaumii (C. P. Jue Au. ¥.) androgynous 
‘spikes peduncled obovate: staminate florets be- 
low ; pistillate ones sub-ternate, remote, sub- 
eduncied : fruit elliptic, 3-sided obtuse, obso- 
etely 2-toothed, nearly equalling the oblong 
mucrenate scale. On wet ground. 
trichocarpa (New-England. P. J. Y.) androgyn- 
ous spikes in tluees ; pistillate ones in pairs 
peduncled erect, cylindric remote ; fruit ovate, 
acuminate, bicuspidate, pilose, longer + + 
the awned ovate-lanceolate sc eon damp 
Jand. ; in 
* bg 
8 Stigmas three: the stamens and pistils on distinct 
spikes ; the staminate spikes solitary, the pistil- 
late ones sessile or having an inclosed peduncle. 


varia {W, A. ©. Ma, J. Uf.) pistillate spikes 
somewhat in threes, sub-approximinate, sessile, 

_ sub-globular : fruit sub-globular 3-sided, beaked 
-2-toothed, pubescent, shorter than the oblong 
scale: calm erect. On dry land. 

subulata (C. Y.) pistillate spikes somewhat in 
fours, very remote, sessile ; staminate one ses-. 
sile: fruit subulate, divaricate, reilexed ; culm 
slender: leaves fiat. 


vi 
piek 
} 


r 


192 CAREX, 


marginata (P..C. Ap. Ma. 1.) pistillate pikes ) 


somewhat in petty approximate, sub-globular, 
sub-sessile : fruit globular, tomentose, 2-tooth- 
ed, larger than the oblong-ovate scale : radic- 
al leaves of one year longer than the culm. 
Common on dry land. 

eestita (W. P. C.J. 4.) staminate spike Janceo- 
late ; pistillate ones ovate, in re sessile ap- 
proximate : fruit ovate, beaked, at the orifice 
oblique, pubescent, nearly equalling the acute 
ovate scale. On wet land. 

lentaculata(Y. W.C.P. J. Ju. Y.) pistillate spikes 

in threes with inclosed peduncles, ovate sub- 


approximate : bracts very long leafy: fruit 


ovate, ventricose, nerved very long-beaked, at 
the orifice 2-toothed, longer than the lanceolate 
mucronate scale. On wet land. A variety, 
rostrata, has the beak very large and long. 
miliaris (Vermont. Ju. YU.) pistillate spike gene- 
rally solitary sessile, ovate: bract bristle-form : 
_ fruit globose glabrous. On damp land. 
: ina (Y. W. C. P. J. to Au. X.) pistillate 
es in threes with enclosed peduncles, ob- 
long approximate: bracts very long, leafy : 
- fruit ovate ventricose nerved, with a very long 
conic beak, at the orifice bicuspidate, several 
times longer than the mucronate ovate scale. 
On damp land. 


flava (P. J. U.) pistillate spikes somewhat in 


threes, sub-approximate, elliptic with an incios- — 


ed peduncle: fruit ovate, retiexed, beak long- 


er than the ovate lanceolate scale, the beak 


curved 2-toothed. On wetland. 


oligocarpa (W. C. P. Ma. 1.) pistillate spikes — 


in pairs, somewhat 4-flowered, the lower fho- 
rets peduncled, fruit roundish-3-sided, obovate, 
beaked, atthe orifice entire, longer than the 
mucronate oblong scale. 

folliculata (W.P. C. S. Ju. W.) pistillate spike sub- 
solitary, sub-6-iiowered, sud-exsert-peduncled : 


a 


CAREX. 193 


fruit ovate ventricose nerved beaked, at the 
orifice 2-parted, longer than the ovate scale. 
A variety, major, has the fruit more swollen. 
pubescens (P. Ma. %.) pistillate spikes in fours, 
sessile, the lowermost florets exsert-peduncled : 
fruit ovate-3-sided pubescent beaked 2-toothed, 
longer than the oblong mucronate scale : 
culm and leaves pubescent. On damp land. 


9. Stigmas three: the stamens and pistils on dis- 
tinct spikes ; staminate spikes solitary ; pistillate 
ones long-peduncled, the sheaths shorter. 


% 
plantaginea (O. Ma. J. ¥.) pistillate peduncled 
spikes in fours, distant: fruit elliptic, 3-sided, 
pedicelied, glabrous, shorter than the cuspidate 
oval scale: bract sheathing sub-foliaceous at 
the apex, radical ones lanceolate nerved. On 
dry ground, 
anceps tC. P. J. ¥..) pistillate spikes in threes re- 
mote, lower ones peduncied : it ovate n 
ed, at the orifice membranaceoi oe 
the mucronate oblong scale. On wet ground. 
sranularis (P. Ma. to Ju. .) pistillate spikes 
in threes remote, the two lower ones peduncied : 
fruit globular-ovate nerved ventricose, very 
short-beaked, at the orifice obsoletely-emargi- 
nate, longer than the ovate-lanceolate scale. 
Gn dry land. 
conoulea (P. J. Y.) pistillate spikes in pairs re- 
mote ; the upper one sub-sessile, the lower one 
ODEN DONS ed : fruit obiong-conic obtuse 
equalling the awn scale. On dry ground. 
_tetanica (Pe Ma. J. 1.) pistillate spikes in pairs 
remote, the upper one sub-sessile, the lower 
one long-peduncled; fruit obovate, recurved at 
the apex, at the orifice entire, longer than 
the obtuse ovate scale. Common in dry ground. 
lax fiora (VY. C, Ap. Ma. 2/.) pistillate spikes 
in threes, 6 to 8-liowered, distant ; lower one 


” 
or 


2 
— 


194 | CAREX. 


remotely peduncled, fruit oblong ventricose ob- 
tuse, larger than the mucronate ovate scale. 
On dry land. i an 
Aystericina (P. J. Ju. U.) stafhinate spike solita- 
ry, scales ovate-oblong sub-mucronate ; pistil- 
late spikes cylindric in pairs, the lower one 
peduncled, fruit ovate meny-nerved beaked, at 
/ the orifice bifid, longer than the awned oblong 
scale. On wet land. ; 
distans (P. J. Ju. UL.) pistillate spikes in threes 
oblong distant, the last one sessile, the others 
veduncled fruit ovate acuminate bicuspidate, 
_ *mearly equalling the acuminate ovate scale. 
On wet land. 
flexuosa (P. J. 2.) pistillate spikes somewhat in 
_ fours, remote, filiform, peduncled, nodding ; 
fruit distant, alternate, oblong, beaked, bifid, 
twice as long as the mucronate ovate scale. 
On wet land. 
digitalis \P. U.) pistillate spikes somewhat in 
_ threes remote filiform peduncted nodding : fruit 
elliptic obtuse, longer than the abla Pahkbo- 
Tate scale. 


10. Stigmas three: the stainens and pistils on dis- 
tinct spikes ; staminate spike solitary, pistillate 
ones peduncled ; sheaths scarcely any. 


ambellata(C. P. Ma. Ul.) pistillate spikes m threes 
peduncled, 8-flowered, ovate. whoried : fruit 


ovate pubescent, beaked, at the orifice entire, _ 


Te the ovate-lanceolate scale. On dry 
and. 
gniliacea (P. C. Ju. Y.) pistillate spikesin threes — 
filiform, the highest sub-sessile, the others pe- 
duncled : fruit ovate 3-sided short-beaked, at 
the orifice entire, longer than the awned emar- 
ginate oblong scale. On wet land. ta 
pseudo-cyperus (P. J. Ju. 2.) pistillate spikes 
in fours with the peduncles in pairs, pendulous 


CAREX, CARPINUS. 195 


cylindric: fruit ovate-lanceolate bicuspidate 
reilexed equalling the bristle-form scale. Com- 
mon on wet land. 


11. Stigmas three : the stamens and pistils on dis- 
tinct spikes : staminaie spilies many. 


recurva (P. J. 2%.) staminate spikes in pairs ; 
pistillate ones cylindric, somewhat in threes, pe- 
duncled, pendulous: fruit elliptic, obtuse, often 
roughish, equalling the ovate cuspidate scale. 
On wet ground. 
pellita (P. C. J. Ju. 4.) staminate spikes in pains» 
pistillate ones in pairs cylindric, erect, remote, 
upper one sessile : fruit ovate bifid, pilose, short- 
er than the awned oblong scale. Common on 
wet land, 
lacustris (P. C. J. Ju. ¥.) staminate spikes in. 
fours ; pistillate ones in pairs erect cylindric 
Peryaced : fruit oblong many-nerved beaked 
ifurcate, longer than the mucronate oblong 


scale. On wet land. A large variety a 


gigantea. ot 
vesicaria (P. Ma. to Ju. 2/.) staminate spikes in 
threes ; pistillate ones somewhat in pairs, pe- 
duncled, cylindric: fruit oblong-infiated, beak- 
ed, bicuspidate, larger than the lanceolate scale, 
culm acutely 3-cormered. On wet land. 
bullata (P. J. 2.) staminate spikes in threes ; 
pistillate ones in pairs, cylindric, peduncled, 
erectish : fruit obovate-globular, beaked, bifur-_ 
cate ; the beak hispid and longer than the lance- 
_ olate scale. Common on wet land. 


Carpints, 95. 


americana (hornbeam. O. g. M. ) .) leaves oblong- 
ovate, acuminate, unequally serrate : scales of 
the strobile S-parted, the middle division with 
a lateral tooth. 


"es 


a. 


196 CARTHAMUS, CASSFA. 
CARTHAMUS, 83. 


linctorius (false saffron. E.y. J. ) leaves ovate, 
entire serrate-aculeate. ™ 

coerulius (blue saffron. E. b. 2.) stem about 1- 
flowered : leaves lance-ovate, spine-toothed. 


CarumM, 47. 
carui (caraway. E. w. 3 .) stem branching : leaves- 
with ventricose sheaths : partial involucre 


: Cassta, 56. 
senna apy pen senna. E. &.) leaves in 6 pairs ; 
petioles glandiess : legume reniform. 
marilandica (senna. O. y. Au. 2.) somewhat gla- 
brous: leaves in 8 pairs, lance-oblong, mucro- 
nate : flowers in axillary racemes and in ter- 
minal panicles: legumes linear curved. An 
excellent cathartic. See Barton’s Med. Bot. 
chamaecrista (cassia, partridge pea. H. Y. C. P. 
y. Au. @) somewhat glabrous : leaves linear 
in many pairs. the glands or the petioles subpe- 
dicelled: petals with 2 spots : legumes pubes- 
cent. A most elegant plant, from 8 to 16 inches 
high. 

Meicdeutiia (C.P. y. Ju. €3.) somewhat glabrous : 
leaves at the summit in 9 ager : fascicles ma- 
ny-flowered, lateral: petals and stamens of the _ 
same colour: legumes glabrous, ascending 
arched, be 

nictitans (C. P. New-England. Pursh. y. Ju. &.) — 
spreading, ‘pubescent: leaves in many pairs, 
lmear ; glands of the petioles pedicelled : pe- 
duncles short, supra-axillary, 2 or 3-fiowered ; 
flowers petandrous. ‘The leaves of this species 
and of the chamaecrista possess a considerable 
degree of irritability. : J USEF; 


CASTANEA, CELASTRUS. 19% 


CASTANEA, 95. 


americana (chesnut. O. g. J. hb.) leaves lance- 
oblong, sinuate-serrate, with the serratures mu- 
cronate, glabrous both sides. Large tree. 

pumila (chinquapin. C.P. g. J. h ? leaves oblong, 
acute, mucronate-serrate, with white down 
beneath. Small tree. 


CATALPA, 26. 


syringaefolia (catalpa tree. P. w. & p.Ju. h.} 
Smeg cordate, flat. An elegant tree. 4 a™ 


st ioe 
CAvcALIs, 45. ea 


mauritania (base parsley. E. £3.) general ee | 
lucre 1-leaved, partial one 3-leaved, 


CAULOPHYLLUM, 48. 


thalictroides (poppose root, false cohosh. O. p-y. 
Ap. 2%.) very glabrous : leaves more than de- 
compound ; leafets oval, the lower ones petiol- 
ed and lobed, the end ones 3-lobed. 


CEANOTHUS, 41. 


americanus (New-Jersey tea. O. w. J. h.) leaves 

ovate acuminate, serrate, 3-nerved, pubescent 
beneath : panicles axillary long-peduncled, 
~  sub-corymbed. - 


CELASTRUS, 41. 


scandens (false bittersweet, staff tree. O. y-w. J. 
h.) stem twining: leaves oblong, acuminate, 
serrate ;: racemes terminal. Retains its scarlet 
berries through the winter, though dry and 
generally opening - valves, : 

a 


198 CELOSA, CENTAUREA, | . 


.* 


Cretosta, 42. at 


cristata (cock’s crest. E. Jug.) leaves oblong- 
ovate: peduncles terete, sub-striate : spikes 
oblong. vat 


CeLTis, 44. 
ay | 
occidentalis (nettle tree. C. P. w. M. bh.) leaves 
ovate, acuminate, equally serrate except near 
_the base; scabrous above, rough-haired be- 
neath: fruit solitary. . 
 erassifolia (hag-berry, hoop-ash. C. P. w. M. hk.) 
leaves ovate, acuminate, unequally serrate, un- 
equally cordate at the base, sub-coriaceous : 
~ peduncles about 2-flowered. 


Crencurts, 29. 


echinaius (hedgehog grass. P. Au. €.) spike ob- 
long, conglomerate : involucre sub-globose, 10- 
- parted. 
lribuloides (C. P. Ju. &.) spike glomerate, with 
alternate spikelets : pistillate glumes globose, 
muricate-spinose, hirsute. : 


CENTAUREA, 88. 


solstitialis (New-Jersey. Pursh. y. Ju. @.) calyx 
almate-spinose, solitary ; spines strait: leaves _ 
cae lanc iear, decurrent, entire ; ic 
ones lyrate. © 5 
cyanus (blue-bottle. Naturalized. b. Ju. @. 
scales of the calyx serrate leaves linear entire ; 
Jower ones toothed. . 
scabiosa (scabious centaury. E. 2.) leaves pin- 
natifid, roughish ; divisions lanceolate, spread- 
ings acute, and pinnatifid at the base : calyx 
ciliate. ‘2 BLP 


CENTAUREA, CERASTIUM. 199 


centaurium (great centaury. E, 2.) leaves pin- 
nate glabrous ; leafets sharply and doubly ser- 

. Yate, decurrent : calyx smooth. 

jacea (knapweed. P, p. Ju. %.) leaves lanceolate, 
entire ; radical ones sub-dentate: branches 
angular, calyx scarious. 

_suaveolens (yellow sultan. E. ©.) leaves lyrate- 
pinnatifid : calyx smooth. 

benedicta (blessed thistle. E. ©.) leaves semide- 
current, tooth-spinose : calyx with branched 
spines. 

moschata (sweet sultan. E. ©.) leaves slightly pi 
natifid ; lower divisions mostly entire: cal 
smooth. ) 


Centaurella, see Bartonia. 
CEPHALANTHUS, 34. 


aceidentalis (button bush. O. g. Ju. kh.) leaves op- 
posite, and in threes. In swamps. 


CrRAsTIUM, 60. a fing 


f. 
wculgatum (mousear chickweed. O. w. Ap. ®.) 
_ hirsute, viscid, cespitose : leaves ovate : petals 
oblong, about equal to the calyx: flowers longer 
hendie peduncle. 
semidecandrum (Y. P. w. M. &.) hirsute, viscid : 
_ leaves ovate-oblong, acute: petals emarginate, 


- shorter than the calyx: peduncles longer than 
_- the calyx : flowers eas 


-arvense (A. P. w. J. ¥.) pu > cespitose : 
_ Jeaves lance-linear, obtuse, ciliate at the base, 
shorter than the distance between the joints of 
the stem: petals obcordate, twice as long as 
the calyx: leafets of the calyx obtuse. 
_dichotomum (P. w. ©.) leaves lanceolate: stem 
dichotomous : capsules erect, twice as long as 
the calyx. : 


200 CERASTIUM, CETRARIA. 


viscosum (P.w. M. 2%.) ivi ALN) diffase ; 
leaves lance-oblong, obtusish : petals obovate, 
scarcely longer than the calyx : flowers short- 
er thanthe peduncle. * © Pi : 

tenuifolium (P. w. M. YU.) very slender, pubes- 
cent, cespitose: leaves narrow-linear, longer 
than the distance between the joints of the stem : 
petals obovate, emarginate about thrice as long 
as the acute calyx. , 


CERATOPHYLLUM, 93. 
Satie 
_ demersum (horawort. C.P. Ju. ¥.) leaves 8 ina 


whorl, dichotomous in pairs, tooth-spined on 
the back : flowers axillary : fruit 3-spined. 


CERcIS, 56, 


canadensis (red bud, judas tree. P. Can. r. M. hb.) 
leaves round-heartform, acuminate: stipules 
minute : legumes short-stiped. 


CERINTHE, 36. 


major (honey wort. E. ©.) corols obtuse, spread- 
ing ; at the top ventricose, bellform: stamens 
- shorter than the corol. 


CEeTRARIA, 116. 


islandica (iceland lichen. Y.) greenish chesnut, 
sinuate-laciniate many-cleft ; segments as- 
cending, channelled, ciliate: targets near 
marginal, chesnut, slightly margined. - 

lacunosa, (O.) expanded, rounded-lobed becoming 

_ yaguely lacinate, rough-netted, callular, green- 
ish-white : targets raised, nearly marginal, a 
little tumid, rust-coloured, with a thin sub-en- 
tire border. 

juniperina, membranous, pale yellow, deep yellow 


CETRARIA, CHEIRANTHUS. 201 


beneath ; Wieced-taciniate, segments flat, as- 

cending, complicate, erose-crenate, curled, na- 

- -ked: targets raised, nearly marginal, bay, with 
athin yellow crenulate border, 


ae CHAEROPHYLLUM, 46. 


procumbens pees P..w. M. €).) same shining, 


smooth: leaves decompound : ste cumi- 
bent : umbels few-flowered. - 

claytoni (poison cicily. O. w. J. 24.) leaves ob- 
long-oval, sub-pinnatifid-lobed : umbels few-. 
rayed, divaricate : fruit smooth. Thisplantcan  _ 
hardly be distinguished fromthe myrrhis dulcis, 
except by the taste. Doct. Bigelow says, the ~ 
latter plant loses its aromatic taste in som 
soils ; and he suspects they may be varictics of 
the same species. 


Chaerophyllum, see Myrrhis. 
Cara; 90. 


wulgaris (feather-beds. P. Ju. @.) stem and 
branches naked atthe base; branchlets terete ; 
leaves jointed : leafets oblong subulate : bracts 

_ . shorter than the berry. 
foliosa (P. Ju. &.) stem naked, papillose above ; 
branchlets terete at the base and in the leafy 
joints : leaves linear: bracts shorter than the 


erry. | 

| flexilis (P. Au. ©.) stem translucent, naked ; 

-- branchlets jointless, leafless, compressed : bers 
vies lateral, naked. “* 

ee CHEILANTHES, 104. 


vestita Cp fern. W. 2.) frond doubly pinnate, 
hairy both sides ; leafets pinnatifid. 


CHEIRANTHUS, 75. 


cheiri (wall-flower, E. J. 14.) leaves lanceolate, 


202 CHEIRANTHUS, CHENOPODIUM. 


acute, glabrous: branches angled: stem some- — 


what of a woody texture. 

fenestralis (waved wall-flower. E. %.) leaves 
crowded together in a headg recurved undulate : 
stem undivided. 

annuus (siock juiy-flower. E. Ju. ©.) leaves 
lanceolate, subdentate, obtuse, hoary : silique 
cylindric with an acute apex. 

incanus (brompion stock, brompton queens. E. 4 .) 
leaves lanceolate, entire, obtuse, hoary : silique 
truncate compressed at the apex, stem some- 

-  whatof a wooly texture, 


% CHELIDONIUM, 63. 


2. a 
ONES « 


majus (celandine. O. y. M. 2f.) umbels axillary, 
peduncled : leaves alternate, pinnate, lobed. 


CHELONE, 72. 


glabra (snakehead. O. w. & r. Ju. 2.) leaves op- 
osite, lance-sblong, acuminate, serrate ; spikes 
erminal, dense-flowered. Some authors make 
aspecies obliqua, which, they say. has all the 
leaves opposite, and that the glabra has the 
lower leaves alternate—sed quere ? 


_ €wHenopopiuM, 44. 

bonus-henricus (english mercury. E. g. J. 2.) 
leaves triangular saggitate entire, spikes com- 
pound leafless axillary. 


rubrum (rusty pigweed. H. W.r-g. Ju. @.) leaves” 
triangular-cordate, obtusish, sinuate-teothed : 


racemes erectish, compound, sub-foliaceous, 
shorter than the stem. 
album (pigweed. O. g. Ju. @.) leaves rhomboid- 
ovate, erose, entire behind, the upper ones ob- 
long entire, seeds smooth. | 
viride (green pigweed. P. g. S. ©.) leaves lance- 


* 
— 


CHENOPODIUM, CHIMAPHILA. 203 


rhomboid sinuate-toothed : racemes ramose, 
subfoliaceous : stem very green. 

hybridum (W.Y. C. g. Ju. ©.) leaves cordate, 
angled-acuminate : racemes branching, divar- 
icate naked. 

botrys (oak-of-jerusalem. O. g. Au. ©.) leaves 
oblong, sinuate : racemes naked many-cleft. 
Swect scented. te 

ambrosioides (sweet pigweed. C.P. g. Ju. ©.) 

~ Jeaves lanceolate, toothed : racemes leafy sim- 
ple. Sweet scented. “ 

anthelmenticum (wormseed. Y. C. P. g. Au. 2%.) _ 
leaves ovate, oblong, rarely toothec raccea. 
eo : styles 8. Odour strong and disagree- 
able. . 

maritimum (sea pigweed. C. P. Y. g. Au. 2.) 
leaves subulate, fleshy, semiterete: flowers 
glomerate, axillary. On the sea-coast. 

glaucum (C. 2%.) leaves ovate-oblong, repand, 
glaucous beneath ; racemes naked, simple, glo- 
merate. 

scoparium (summer cypress. E.) leaves flat, lance- 
inear, margin ciliate: flowers giomerate, ax- 
illary. 


CrimApnita, 56. 


maculata (spotted winter-green. O.-w. Ju. 2. 
leaves lanceolate, rounded at the base, remote- 
~ ly serrate, marked with long spots : scape 2 or 
__ 3-flowered ; filaments woolly. . 
imbellata (prince’s pine, bitter wintergreen. O. 
r-w. Ju. 2.) leaves wedge-janceolate, with an 
acute base : scape corymbed ; filaments gla- 
brous. Pursh says the maculata is the sipsise- 
wa of the Indians. and is useful in hysteric af- 
fections. General Varnum says the windellata 
is the sipsisewa or pipsisewa, and is highly 
efficacious in the cure of cancers, Both are 
taken from the genus Pyrola, | 


204 CHIONANTHES, CHRYSANTH. 


CHIONANTHES, 26. ©. 


“he 


virginica (fringe tree. C. P. w. M. 2») panicle — 


terminal, trifid : peduncles*3-flowered : leaves 
acute. Berries purplish blue. : 


Curronia, 39. 


angularis (American century. P. p. Au. %.) 
erect : leaves ovate, clasping, flowers with long 
potunciess corymbed: divisions of the calyx 
ance-linear : stem with 4 margmed angles. 

gracilis (P. r. Ju. &.) slender: branches lax eion- 

gated, 1-fiowered: leaves oval-linear : divisions 

of the calyx linear about equalling the corol : 
divisions of the corol obovate : stem angular. 

chloroides (C. P. vr. Au. 3.) weak : leaves lanceo- 

late, erect: branches few, 1-flowered ; flowers 

7 to 13-parted : divisions of the calyx linear, 

shorter than the divisions of the corol. 

Stellaris (C. r. Au. ©.) erect: branches dicho- 
tomous, clongated, 1-flowered: leaves lance- 
olate, acute: calyx subulate ; divisions of the 
corol obovate: stem terete. 

calycosa (C. P.r. Au. %.) erect, leafy : leaves 

oblong-obovatish: flowers solitary, about 7-part- 
ed ; calyx leafy, exceeding the corel, divisions 
oblanceolate. 

paniculata (C. w. Ju. ¥.) erect: leaves lance-lin- 
ear: panicle many-flowered, brachiate, subfas- 
tigiate : calyx subulate: stem 4-cornered. 

ey 


CHRYSANTHEMUM, 85. a. 
leucanthemum (O. J. 21.) leaves clasping, lanceo- 
late serrate, cut-toocthed at the base: stem erect 
branching. ; 
parthenium (feverfew. E.) leaves petioled, com- 
pound, flat ; leafets ovate, gashed ; peduncles 
branching corymbed ; stem erect. 


CHRYSANTHEMUM. | 205 


coronarium (garden chrysanthemum. E. Au. @.)_ 
leaves bipinnatifid, acute, broader outwards : 
stem branching. 


CHRYSOSPLENIUM, 55. 


oppositifolium (golden saxifrage, water-carpet. 
vi 3 te P.y-r. M. 4.) leaves opposite, ro dish, 

slightly crenate, tapering for a little distance 
_ to the petiole. 


Cicnori™, 83. 


> 


intibus (succory or endive. O. b- Ju. 2/.) flowers 
axillary in pairs sessile ; leaves runcinate. 

endivia (garden endive. EK. 3 .) peduncles axillary 
in pairs ; one long 1-flowered, the other short 
about 4-flowered : leaves oblong, denticulate. 
Var. crispum, has fringed leaves and solitary 
flowers. 


Cicura, 46. 


virosa (water hemlock. E. 2/.) umbels opposite 

to the leaves ; petioles margined, obtuse : leafets 

ternate, acutely serrate. Root contaming a 
yellow juice. | 

per afere (C. Ju. %.) branches bearing bulbs in 

_. whorls: leaves iennel-like. 


“ne (O.w. Ju. 2.) serratures of the leaves 


ucronate : petioles membranaceous, 2-lobed 
at the apex. 


C1iMIcIFUGA, 65, 


serpentaria (bugbane, black snakeroot, cohosh. 

U.P. w. Ju. 2 .j leaves decompound ; leatets 

ovate-oblong, gash-toothed ; racemes in wand- 
like spikes ; peut monogynious, 


206 CINERARIA, CISTUS. 


CINERARIA, 86. 


heterophylla (ashwort. P. y. M. 2%.) downy : radi- 
cal leaves long-petioled, obovate-spatulate, ob- 
tusely toothed ; the other leaves pinnatifid : pe- 
duncles 1-flowered, long, solitary. 


* 


CInNA, 25. 


arundinacea (indian reed. C.) glabrous : panicle 
large, many-flowered, capillary : one valve 
somewhat awned below the apex. 


CrrecaEA, 27. 


dutetiana (enchanter’s nightshade. O.r-w. Ju. 2.) 
stem erect: leaves ovate, denticulate, somewhat 
glabrous. Var. alpina, has an ascending stem, 
leaves sub-cordate, and the calyx membra- 
naceous. ‘This variety is generally considered 
as a distinct species. But they certainly pass 
into each other by almost imperceptible grada- 
tions. 


Cistvs, 64. 


ganadensis (rock-rose, frost plant. H. Y. A. C. 
Pp y.J. %.) without stipules, erect ; leaves al- 
ternate erect linear-lanceolate, flat, tomentose 
beneath ; divisions of the calyx broad-ovate acu- 
minate: capsules shorter than the calyx. At 
the foot of Pine-rock, New-Haven, the barren 

lains produce great quantities of this plant. 
a Novy. and Dec. of 1816, I saw hundreds of 
these plants sending out broad, thin, curved ice 
crystals about an inch in breadth from near the 
roots. These were melted away by day, and 


«enewed every morning for more than 20 days — 


an succession. 


: 
a 
4 
F 


a 


CITRUS, CLAYTONIA. 207 


Cirrus, 64. 


aurantium (orange tree. E. w. kh.) leaves ovab 
acuminate with winged petioles. 

medica (lemon tree. E. w. J. kh.) leaves ovate 
acuminate, with linear petioles. Var. limon 
(lime tree) bears smaller fruit, which is al- 
most round. | 


CratTurus, 118. 


éancellatus (latticed fungus) pileus resembling, 
lattice-work. 


Cravaria, 118. 


gyrans (club fungus. W.) cylindric, white, rath- 
er taper at the ends : stem capillary, pellucid, 
simple. 
istillaris, nearly cylindric, mostly undivided, 
tubular, brittle, smooth. 

capitata, head ovate, chesnut, dotted, stem sim- 
ple, yellow, round ; root voiyate. 

cornea (Y.) simple or cloven, somewhat pointed, 
red orange, horny and brittle when dry. 

muscoides (shrubby fungus, W. y.) much branch- 
ed; branches mostly forked, pointed unequal, 
yellow, 


CLAYTONIA, 42. 


- virginica (spring beauty. Y. C. w. & r. mH Y.) 
-_ Jeaves lance-linear : raceme solitary : leaves 
of the calyx acutish : petals obovate, retuse : 
root tuberous. ae 

spatulata (spring beauty. W. H. P. A. w. &r, 
Ap. 4.) leaves spatulate: raceme solitary : 
leaves of the calyx obtuse : petals roundish, re- 
tuse : root tuberous. 


mst 


“se 
a 
m7, 


208 CLEMATIS, CLEOME. 


CreMATIs, 66. 


witicella (purple virgin’s bower. E. p. Ju. 2.} 
climbing : leaves compound and decompound ; 
leafets oval sublobate entire : petals obovate 
spreading. 

wiorna (leather flower. P. b. J b.) climbing: 
leaves compound and decompound; leafets 
lance-oval, acute at both ends, trifid and entire: 
flowers solitary, beliform : petals thick leathery, 
acuminate. 

virginica (virgin’s bower. O. w. Ju. hk.) climbing: 
leaves ternate; leafets ovate, subcordate, gash- 
toothed and lobate: corymbs dichotomous, few 
flowered : petals longer than the stamens. Of- 
ten dioecious. ie 

Jlamnula (sweet virgin’s bower. E. hb.) lower 
leaves laciniate; upper ones simple, entire, 
lanceolate. | 

ochroleuca (P. C. w. & y. J. 2.) erect, simple, 
pubescent: leaves simple entire. About one 
toot high. 

hexagona (W.p-b. M. hb.) stem climbing, 6-an- 
gled ; leaves ternate with climbing petioles ; 
deafets glabrous, heart-ovate acuminate, sub. 
entire : seeds caudate, with hairs not plumose. 
A new species. which I found two miles west of 
Williams College. 


CLEOME, 49. 


dedecandra (false mustard. P. C. p. Ju. €.) glab- 
rous : flowers axillary, solitary : leaves ovate, 
ternate generally dodecandrous. 

pentaphylla (P.w-r. Ja. £5.) leafets quinate: stem 
unarmed. Flowers gynandrous. ‘The corols 
of this genus being cruciform, it is by some 
placed in the 15th class. | 


. 
i 
i 
\ 
\ 

: 
4 
; 


ee eee 


’ 


CLETHRA, CNICUS. 209 


CuiuetTnra, 56. 


_alnifolia (spiked alder, sweet pepper-bush. ¥, H. 


C. P. w. Ju. bh.) leaves wedge-obovate, acute, 
coarse-serrate above, glabrous both sides: 
flowers in spike-form racemes. 


CLIMACIUM, 108. 


dendroides (tree moss) having a projecting collar 
below the outer teeth. 


CLINorPopDIUM, 70. 


vulgare (field thyme. O. r-w. Ju. 2/.) flowers in 
head-form whorls: bracts setaceous, hispid : 
leaves aboye pilose, remotely toothed: stem 
simple. 


Cnicus, 83, 


lanceolatus (common thistle. O. p. J. 6.) leaves 
decurrent, hispid, pinnatifid ; divisions 2-lobed 
diyaricate, spinose : calyx ovate with spider- 
web-like pubescence ; scales lanceolate, spi- 
nose, spreading. 

discolor (P. W. p. Ju. & .) leaves sessile, pinnati- 
fid, rough-haired, downy beneath ; divisions 2- 
lobed, divaricate, spinose : calyx globose with 
spiderweb-like pubescence ; scales ovate close- 

ressed, with spreading spines at the tips. 


--allissimus (tall thistle. C. P. W. w-p. Au. 1f.) 


leaves sessile, lente ae scabrous, downy 
beneath, toothed, ciliate ; radical ones pinna- 
tifid : calyx bracted, ovate ; scales lance ovate, 
spinose, close-pressed. . ~~ 

arvensis (canada thistle. W. H. C. A. Y. p. J. 
2.) leaves sessile pinnatifid, ciliate, spinose : 
stem panicled: calyx ovate, mucronate ; scales 
broad-lanceolate, ae oe » margin woolly. 

5 


bees a 


eae 
210 COCHLEARIA, COMMELINA, 


horridulus ae P. w-y. Ju. 2.) tall: leaves sessile, 
pinnatifid, acutely gashed, very spinose: in- _ 
volucre terminal, 1i-flowered, many-leaved; | 
leafets very spinose double :"ealyx unarmed. 

quticus (C. P. p. Ju. 6.) leaves all pinnatifid, 
woolly beneath ; divisions sublanceolate, acute, 
a little spinose : branches at the summit many, 
nakedish, 1-flowered: calyx globose ; scales 
not spinose. 


= 


CocHLEARIA, 74 


officinalis (scurvy grass. E. w.J- Y.) radical 
leaves roundish ; cauline ones oblong, subsin- 
uate: silicles globose. 

armoracia (horse radish. E.w. J.2f.) radical leaves 
lanceolate, crenate ; cauline ones gashed. 


Corx, 91. 


fachryma (job’s tear. E. Ju. S.) culm semiterete | 
above : flowers naked : fruit ovate. 


CoLLINSONIA, 27. 


canadensis (horse balm, rich-weed. O. y. Au. 2/.) 
leaves heart-oval : teeth of the calyx short, 
subulate, about equal to the tube. 


CoLuTea, 79. 
arborescens (bladder senna. E. y. hb.) leaves 
oval retuse, banner gibbous, abbreviated : stent 
‘woody. deere" 3 


P 

las ComMarum, 63. : 

“palustre (marsh fivef fet Y.C. H..P. p. Ju. 2 >a 
leafets in threes, fives or sevens, serrate. a, 


» CoMMELINA. 28. 


communis (day-flower. Southern states. b. Ue 


- 


ie hs 
es 
—- @OMMBLINA, CONFERVA. 21 


acute: stem creeping: invyolucres cordate, - 
conduplicate. 
ecta (P. b. Ju. Y.) leaves lance-ovate, sca- 
~ brous : involucres cowled, turbinate : stem 
erect. 
virginica (long-leaved dayflower. P. b. Ju. 2.) 
leaves lanceolate, sub-petioled, glabrous above, 
sheaths sub-pubescent: stem simple, creeping. 


= glabrous : leaves lance-ovate, subsessile, 


ComprTonta, 92. 
lenifolia (sweet fern. O. g. Ap. hk.) leaves 
ong-linear, alternately crenate-pinnatifid, 
Gives a pleasant resinous odour. 


ConFERVA, 111. 
, 1. Filaments simple. 


fontinalis (spring greenhair, frogspittle. O.) fila- 
ments closely compacted, very short, equal, 
without visible partitions. | 

nitida, splendidly lubricrous: joints rather long, 
cylindric, with double spiral lines of carpogen- 
ation. 

-capillaris, round, rigid, curled, entangled, brittle : 
joints cylindric, short, with pellucid partitions : 
tubercles sessile. 

Limosa, thin, short, mucous, closely compact, 

- greenish-blue, with indistinct partitions. 

muralis, thin, fascicled, rather rigid, with obso-~ 


3 
- a) > 


a see ‘ 
rubra, branchlets bristle-form, forked at top = 


joints pellucid in the middle, a little contract=— ane 


ian at the partitions; capsules globular, late- 
Tal Sith 
GS, 
i % 


~~ 


a i 


212 CONFERVA, C0 
litoralis, much branched, thin, closely entangled, 
- with pointed segments : joints cylindric, short. 
with dark partitions. OF is Se 
Siwciatilis (river greenhair."0.) divisions rather 
rigid, mostly alternate, tapering to both ends : 
joints long, dilated 2-ways, partitions warty, 
swelled. ; 
‘amphibia, slightly yea entangled : branches 
spread remote : branchlets uniting into needle-— 
like points when dry : partitions a little con-— 
tracted : capsules nearly oval. 
erispata, forked, capillary, closely inflected : 
joints oblong, with a spiral line, alternately 
compressed when dry : partitions very thin. 
fracta, much branched, entangled divaricate : old- 
er joints oblong, younger ones cylindric : cap- 
sule roundish. 7 
glomerata, branches alternate; branchlets one- 
way, fascicled pencil-form : joints cylindric, — 
rather long : partitions pellucid. 
gelatinosa, much branched, moniliform, slippery ; 
branchlets thin, pencil-form, somewhat whorl- 
ed : joints short: partitions obscure : capsules 
roundish, among the branchlets. | | 
diephana, much branched, forked at the ends : 
joints swollen at each end, diaphanous in the 
“ries ; partitions obsolete : capsules globular, 
ateral. 


ConiuM, 46. ; 
7 pp areas | 

maculatum (poison hemlock. W. Y. H. C. P. we 
Ju. 4.) stem very branching, spotted: leaves 
very compound: seeds striate. 4 


ConosTy1is, 50. 


americana (weed-grass. C. y. Ju. 4.) corol wool- 
ly within: scape rd areas ed : leaves 


srass-ensiform, glaucous : 


. aments equal, 


» 
CONVALLARIA. at 


a ConVALLARIA, 51. 
, 1a 
a 1. Corals bellform. of 


ad 
‘ 


Ga 


majalis (lily of the valley. E. w. Ju. YL.) scape na- 
' ked, smooth : leaves ovate. 


2. Corols funnel-form. 


angustifolia (2-flowered solomon seal. P. y-w. M. 
U4.) stem terete; leaves alternate, sessile, lance- 
oval, sharp, sub-trinerved, glabrous : peduncles ® 
axillary, long, about 2-flowered. 

canaliculata (clasping solomon seal. P. W. w. Ju. 
4.) stem channelled : leaves alternate, clasp- 
ing, oblong, margin pubescent : peduncles ax- 
illary, about 2-flowered. C. polygonatum. 

pubescens (C. New-England. w. M. 2%.) stem te- 

- retish, deeply furrowed : leaves alternate, clasp- 
ing, ovate, pubescent beneath: peduncles ax- 
illary about 2-flowered. 

multiflora (giant solomon seal. O. w. Ju. 4.) stem oe 
terete: leaves alternate, clasping oblong-oval : R 
pegnngles axillary, some of them many-flower- 


ed. 
umbellulata (wild lily of the valley. W. P. y-w.J. 
~%.) leaves radical, oblong-oval, margin and 
keel ciliate : scape pubescent ; umbel terminal ; 
pedicels bracted. 
Taiifolia (P. J. 4%.) stem angled : leaves sessile, : 
~ ovate, acuminate : peduncles one or many-fiow- 
ered. Very tall. Petaat 


.* 
ery 


3. Corols wheel- 
mosa (spiked solomon seal. O. y-w. M. ¥.) oe 
- stem with alternate leaves : leaves sessile, ob- — e 
: long-oval, acuminate, nerved, pubescent : flow- 

ers ina terminal raceme-panicle, _ 


mt 


as 
: “ 


? 
~*~ + 


Fe el 


214 CONVALLARIA, CONVOLYULUS. 
stellata (W. C. P. w. M. .. stem with alterndtall 
-clasping, lanceolate leaves : raceme simple, ter- 
minal. 8 to 12inches high. om sil 
eiliata (Can. w. J. ¥.) stem, arched : leaves ses- 
_ sile, ovate ciliate : panicle terminal, crowded. 
Flowers very small. . 
trifolia (P. C. w. J. 2/.) stem with three alternate 
pubescent, lance-oblong leaves: raceme ter- 
minal, lax. 
difolia (dwarf solomon seal. O. w. Ju. 71.) stem with 
two heart-oblong, sub-sessile, glabrous leaves : 
raceme simple, terminal : flowers tetrandrous, 
Remark. ‘The above genus has been divided, 
and the new genera, Smilacina and Polygonatum 
taken from it. Vid. Pursh, page 232 and en.— 
It is true that artificial characters have been as- 
sumed which are constant and distinct. Any ne- 
tural genus may be divided in the sameway. But 
I never knew artificial characters applied in mak-. 
ing such unnatural and unnecessary havoc in: 
a genus containing such a natural assemblage of 
plants. Some ofthe species most nearly related! 
are separated, and those least related are kept 
together ; as the umbellnlata and racemosa. 


ConvoLvuLws, 38. 


arvensis (bind-weed. P. New-Engiand. w. Ju. 2.) 
twining glabrous : leaves sagittate, both lobes: 
and apex acute: peduncles about 1-flowered : 
bracts minute, remote from the flower. 

sepium (field bind-weed. O. w. & r. J. Y.) twin- 
ing: leaves sagittate, with the apex acute and! 
the lobes truncate entire (some obtuse) : bracts: 
acute, longer than the calyx and shorter tham 
the middle of the corol : peduncle exceeding: 
the angle of the petal. 4 

paniuratus (mechoacan. C. P. w. & r. Ju. %-)) 
twining, pubescent : leaves broad-cordate, en-. 
tire or lobed: guitar-form ; peduncles long 5, 

a | 
ae 


as * “s. 


CONVULVULUS, CONYZA. 215 


flowers fascicled: calyx glabrous, awnless : 

— corol subulate bellform. 

batatas (sweet potatoe, carolina potatoe. South- 

ern states. w-r. Ju. UY.) creeping, tuberous : 
leaves cordate, hastate, angular-lobed, 5-nerv- 

ed, smoothish : peduncles long ; flowers fas- 

- cicled : corol subcampanulate. 

jalapa (jalap. Southern states. w. J.%4.)pubescent : 
leaves cordate, entire and lobed, rugose-plaited, 
downy beneath: peduncles 1 to 3-flowered : 
flowers sub-campanulate : root very thick. 

stans (dwarf morning glory. C. Y. w. J. U4.) erect 
downy: leaves lance-oblong, acuminate, cor- 
date, hind-lobes obtuse: peduncle 1-flower- 
ed, long ; bracts ovate, acute : stem floriferous 
below. . 

repens (C. vr. & w. Y.) leaves sagittate, obtuse be- 

- hind: stem creeping geniculate : peduncle 1- 
flowered. 

sagittifolius (arrow bindweed. C. r. J. 2!.) climb- 

ing, glabrous : leaves thick, with roundish- 
obiuse sinuate lobes ; the odd one larger, 
emarginate : peduncles 1-flowered ;-corol short 
subcampanulate. 

-spithameus (A. P. w. J. 2.) erect, pubescent ; 
leaves heart-oval, obtuse : peduncles 1-flower- 
ed shorter than the leaves ; bracts ovate, acute 

stem floriferous above. Grows plentifully in 
Cambridge, Washington co. 

tricolor (3-coloured bindweed. E. Ju. ©.’ leaves 

Jance-ovate, glabrous: stem declined : flowers 
- golitary. 


Convolvulus, see 


ze! 


Conyza, 


2 
difrons (plowman’s wort. P. y. Ju. 2.) subglutin« | 


ous: leaves clasping spatulate-oblong, acute, 
serrate ; cory maa the panicle glomerate. 
7; 


#€ 


Fa 


216 CONYZA, CORIANDRUM, 


marilandica (camphor plant. C. r. Au. €.) pubes- 
cent : leaves sessile, broad-lanceolaie acute, 
serrate : corymbs terminal, level-topped, part- | 
ly leafless : scales of the calyx subulate-mucro- — 
nate : flowers short. 


CorrTis, 66 


trifolia (gold-thread. O. w. M. %.) scape 1-flow- 


ered: leaves ternate. Helleborus trifoliatus. 
CorEorsis, 88. 


tripteris (tickseed sunflower. C. P. A. y. ¥.) gla- 
etn : leaves opposite, petioled, lanceolate, 
entire ; radical ones pimnate, cauline ones ter- 
nate : rays entire : seeds obovate, naked at the 
apex. 


trichosperma (C. y. Au. %.) glabrous ; dichoto- 


mous : leaves opposite, quinate-pinnate, lan- 
ceolate serrate : outer leafets of the calyx (8) 
spatulate, ciliate serrate: rays entire : seed 
wedge-form, about 4-toothed. 


dichotoma (C. y. Ju. @.) stem glabrous, nakedish 


and dichotomous above: leaves mostly alter- 
nate, undivided, entire, narrowing into the pe- 
tiole : seed obovate 2-bristled, scabrous, with a 
torn margin. 


alternifolia (P. y. & w. Au. 2%.) stem winged : 


leaves lanceolate, acuminate, subpetioled, ser- 
rate: flowers corymbed ; ray-fiorets lanceo- 


late. ae * 


* 


CorranpruM, 45. ‘ 


sativum (coriander. E. w. J. ©.) fruit gl 
calyx and style permanent. it 


CORNICULARIA, CORNUS. 217 
ro Cornicubartia, 116. 


is (horned lichen.) blackish-brown : branches 
_ -cylindric-compressed, ascending, flat-topped, 
dark above : orbs black-brown, becoming con- 
vex, slightly radiate. 
spadicea, chesnut-brown : branches plano-com- 
pressed slightly pitted, zigzag, toothletted : 
orbs spinous-radiate, becoming convex, rust- 
_ brown. 
lanata, decumbent, warty, brownish-black, much 
~ branched ; branches cylindric, intricate, short, 
many-forked : orbs black-brown, with a gran- 
ular-radiate margin. 


Cornus, 35. 


canadensis (dogweed. H. W. C. A. P. N. w. M. 
_ 24.) herbaceous : leaves at the top, whorled, 
-veiny : involucres ovate, acuminate : fruit glo- 
bose. About 6 inches high. Berries red. 
florida (false box, dogwood tree. O. w-y. M. h .} 
leaves ovate, acuminate : involucres 4, very 
large, somewhat obcordate, and appear like 
etals: fruit ovate. Size between shrub and 
_ tree. Berries red. Inyolucres white, very 
showy, but the corols are obscure. 
_mascula (cornelian cherry. E. kh.) umbels equal- 
_ ling the involucre. 
: peagwence (ved osier. N. W. C. P. w. J. bh.) bran- 
ches strait : leaves ovate, both sides pubescent: 
and coloured alike: cymes spreading. About 
10 feet high. Berries dark-brown. Anthers 


yellow. i am 
alba (white dogwood. O. J. h .) branches recurv- 
i ed ; branchlets glabrous : leaves ovate, acute, 
pubescent, hoary beneath : cymes depressed. 
About 10 feet high, with red branches. Berries 
~blueish-white, —__ 
sericea (P. C, \enistg w. J. k-) branches 


% se A a ¢ ‘3 
218 CORNUS, CORYDALIS. F 


spreading ; branchlets woolly : leaves ovaie 
acuminate, rusty-pubescent beneath: cymes 
depressed, woolly. About 7 feet high: Berries 
bright blue. “ / 
alternifolia (C. P.w. M. hb.) branches warty :— 
Jeaves alternate ovate, acute, hoary beneath : 
cymes depressed, spreading. About 18 feet | 
high. Berries purple. ; | 
eircinata (C. P. w. J. bh.) branches warty : 
leaves broad-oval; acumiiiate, white-downy 
beneath : cyme much spread. About 8 feet 
high. Berries blue. | 
‘stricta (C. P. w. Ju. b .) branches strait, fastigiate : 
leaves ovate, acuminate, glabrous, colour near-_ 
ly alike both sides: panicled-cyme convex. 
paniculata (bush dogwood. O. w. J.» .) branches 
- erect: leaves ovate, acuminate, glabrous, hoary 
beneath: flowers in a thyrsed cyme. About 
6 feet high. Berries white, globular flattened, — 


CoryDAtLis, 75. 


gucularia (colic weed. O. y. & w. M. i.) stem-— 
less: coro] 2-spurred: scape naked; raceme 
simple, one-sided : nectaries of the length of the 
corol: style inclosed: root bulbous. Leaves— 
more than decompound. All the specimens, 
which were found by my class at Williams Col- 
lege, were hexandrous. ‘They had also a 2- 
jeaved bract so near the calyx, as to give the ap- 
pearance of a 4-leaved calyx. | 

Jjungosa (climbing colic weed. P. C. Catskill. 
Plainfield, (Mass.) r-w. J. 6.» stem climbing : 
leaves cirrose: racemes axillary, corymbed, 
no’ding: corel monopetalous gibbous both sides 
of the base, thick and fungus-like. | 

g wa (P. N. C. W. y-r-g. J. 8.) corol 1 
-porred : stem branching, erect ; leaves glau-— 
cous; cauline ones biternate: raceme subco- 
rymbed : bracts minute: silique linear, thrice” 


CORYDALIS, CRATAEGUS. 219 


as long as the Lpedencle, Grows 3 or 4 feet high 
~ two miles north of Williams College. 


Corytvs, 95. 


avellana (filbert. E. Ap. hb.) stipules oblong, ob- 
tuse : calyx of the fruit campanuilate, spreading 
at the apex, torn-toothed : leaves round-cor- 
date, acuminate. Var. maxima, has a gash- 
toothed calyx : nut depressed-ovate. 

americana (hazel nut O. Ap. h.) leaves broad- 
cordate : calyx of the fruit hispid with ¢lan- 
dular heads at the ends of the hairs, campanu- 
late, longer than the roundish nut, limb spread- 

ing, tooth-serrate. 

-gostrata (beaked hazel. QO. Ap. h .) leaves oblong- 
ovate, acuminate : stipules lance-linear : calyx 
of the fruit bell-tubular, 2-parted, divisions 
ieee ; elongated beyond the nut into a 


CRATAEGUS, 62. 


eoccinea (thorn bush. O. w. M. bh.) thorny : leaves 
heart-ovate, gash-angied, brous, acute-ser- 
rate : petioles and calyx pubescent, glandular : 
tals orbicular : styles 5. Var. viridis, has 
ance-ovate leaves, subtrilobate : stem unarm-: 
ed. Vid. Persoon, Vart Ll, page 36. The 
berries are large red and pleasant tasted, 


220 CRATAEGUS, CROCUS. 


pyrifolia (pearleaf thorn. C, P. w. J. h.) thorny — 
or unarmed = leaves oval-ovate, gash-serrate, — 
somewhat oh and rather rough-haired : 
calyx a little villose ; leafets lance-linear, ser- — 
rate: flowers with 5 styles. 
populifolia (C. P. w. J.  .) thorny : leaves heart- — 
ovate, truncate at the base, gash-angled, gla. 
‘ brous : peticles and calyx without glands < 
styles 5. Berries small, red. ; 
elliptica (P. M. hk.) thorny : leaves oval, une- 
qually serrate, glabrous : petioles and calyx 
glandular : divisions of the calyx obtuse: berry — 
globose 5-seeded, 
glandulosa (P. Can. w. M. h.) thorny : leaves 
wedge-obovate, angled, glabrous, shining : pe- 
tioles, stipules and calyx glandular: berries 
oval, 5-seeded. 
flava (yellow-berried thorn. Vermont. M. kh.) 
thorny ; leaves wedge-obovate, sublobate, cre- 
nate-serrate : petioles short: stipules cordate 
~ glandular: calyx glandular : flowers subsoli- 
tary : berry 4-seeded, turbinate. 
punctata (P. w. M. %.) thorny or unarmed : 
leaves wedge-obovate, subplicate, glabrous, 
gash-serrate. decurrent into the petiole : calyx 
villose, divisions subulate entire: berry sub- 
- globose, depressed. 
crus-galli (thorn tree. O. w. M. kh.) thorny: 
leaves wedge-obovate, sub-sessile, shining, 
leathery : corymbs compound : leafets of the 
calyx lanceolate, subserrate : styles 2. 
oxyacuntha (quickset. E. w. M. h .) leaves obtuse 
somewhat 3-cleft, serrate, glabrous : peduncles 
and calyx somewhat glabrous: segments of the 
calyx lanceolate, acute ; styles 2. 


Crocvws, 27. 


officinalis (saffron. E. y. 2/.) leaves linear with 
revolute margins: stigma exsert, with long li- 


CROCUS, CUCUMIS, 224 
i eamneny negmen ty, Var. sativus, having violet co- 
Fo 


_ . CroroLarta, 78. 
sagittalis (rattle-box. Y. N. C. P. y. Ju. ©.) hir- 
_ gute, erect, branching : leaves simple lance-ob- 
_long : stipules lanceolate, acuminate decurrent : 
racemes sypoaiyn to the leaves, about 3-flower- 
ed : corol less than the calyx. 
parviflora(P. C.y. J. @.) hirsute, erect, branch- 
ing : leaves simple, lance-linear : stipules 
above decurrent with two short teeth : racemes 
opposite to the leaves: corol smaller than the 
calyx. 
CucuBAlws, 59% 


hehen (bladder campion. C. P. H. w. Ju. 2.) gia- 
_brous, glaucous, decumbent : leaves oblong- 
oval, acute, nerveless : calyx inflated-membra- 
naceous, veiny. 
stellatus (A. Y. C. P. w. Ju. 2%.) pubescent, erect : 
leaves whorled, in fours, lance-oval, very long- 
acuminate, About 2 or 3 feet high. 


Cucumis, 97. 


eolocynthis (bitter apple. E. ©.) leaves many- 
cleft : pomaceous berry globose, glabrens. 

~ Fruit very bitter. 

anguria (prickly cucumber, E.) leaves palmate-~ 
sinuate ; fruit globose, echinate. 

anguinis (snake cucumber. E. ~.) leaves lobed: 
pomaceous berry cylindric, very long, smooth, 
contorted plaited. 

melo (musk-meion. KE. y. Ju, ©.) angles of the 
leaves rounded ; pome oblong, torulose. Sweet 
scented. 

satious (cucumber. E. nf Ju. &.) angles of the 

2 


222 CUCUMIS, CUCURBITA, 


leaves strait : pomaceous berry oblong, scab 
rous. Brought from Asia. 

africanus (wild cucumber. W. y-w. Au.) fruit 
oval, echinate: leaves palmate, sinuate : stem 
angled. This plant grows plentifully on the 
banks of the Hoosack, near Williams College. 
It is evidently indigenous. The stem is 5-cor- 
nered, climbing by dichotomous and trichoto- 
mous tendrils : the pistillate flowers generally 
solitary : the staminate in panicled racemes. 


CUCURBITA, 97. 


ovifera (egg-squash. E. ©.) leaves cordate, ang- 
led-5-lobed, denticulate, pubescent : pomaceous 
berry with fillet-like stripes lengthwise. 

verrucosa (club squash. E. y. J. &.) leaves cor- 
date, deeply 5-lobed ; middle lobe narrowed at 
the base, denticulate : pomaceous berry clavate, 
a little warty. 

jnelopepo (fiat squash. E. y. J. &.) leaves cordate, 
obtuse, sub-5-lobed, denticulate : pomaceous 
berry depress-based, swelled at the margin. 

pepo (pumpkin. E.y. Ju. &.) leaves cordate, ob- 
tuse, sub-5-lobed, denticulate : pomaceous ber- 
ry roundish or oblong, smooth. Var. potiro 
has the fruit more or less flattened. From 
Asia. 

citrullus (water melon. E. y. Au. &.) leaves 5- 
Jobed ; the lobes sinuate-pinnatifid, obtuse : 
pomaceous berry oval smooth. Fruit watery, 
oven striped. From Africa, and the south of» 

sia. | 

lagenaria (gourd, calabash. E. w. Au. @.) leav 
cordate, round-obtuse, pubescent, denticulate 5 
with 2-glands at the base on the under side: 
pomaceous berry clavate somewhat woody. — 

‘> awe ¢ 


CUNILA, CYATHUS. 996 
of Cuntta, 69. 


mariana (dittany.C .P. r-b. J. -) leaves ovate, ser- 
vate, sessile : corymbs terminal, dichotomous, 


Cunila, see Hedeoma. 
CuPHEA, 60. 


wiseosissima (waxweed. P. p. J. @.) viscous: 
leaves opposite, petioled, ovate-oblong : flow- 
ers With 12 stamens, lateral, solitary, peduncles 
very short. 


CuPREssvs, 96. 


disticha (cypress tree. C. Ap. hk .) leaves 2-ranked 
flat, deciduous : staminate flowers in leafless 
panicles : strobiles oe ey A large tree. 

thyoides (white-cedar. C. H. M. kh.) branchlets 
compressed : leaves imbricate four ways, ovate, 
tubercled at the base: strobile globular, 


Cuscura, 48. 


americana (dodder. O. w. Au. ©.) flowers pedun- 
 -eled, umbelled, 5-cleft. A bright yellow 

leafless vine, twining around other weeds in 

damp places. In some parts of New-England 
_ it is called gold-thread vine. 


CyaTuvus, 118. 


striatus (tunnel fungus.) dark brown, villous, stri- 
ate within. 

erucibulum, inflated, golden, glabrous. 

laevis, yellow, inflated, smooth within. 

lentiferus, (A.) pale, roughish, mouse-colour 
without 
Remark. This genus is wrongly called the 

bridsnest under the generic name. 


904 CYMBIDIUM, CYNARA, | 


Crmprprem, 89. 


peleheitioin (grass pink. 0. r.Ju. ¥ ) nam re 
arse ensiform, nerved : scape few-flowered : 
lip erect, slender at the base; lamina spread 5 ; 
disk concave bearded. 

hyemale (atam an? eve P. ©. g-p.M. u -) leaves 
radical, in pairs, many-nerved : scape simple, 
sheathed, erect : petals erect ; the 3 exterior 
ones lanceolate, the inner enes ‘oblong : lip ob- 
ovate, wavy-crenate at themargin. A cement 
may be made of the bruised roots. 

corallorhizum (coral root. W. w-y. M. u.) cape 
sheathed, leafless : flowers eel petals 
lanceolate ; the two lower ones lanceolate-li- 
near, deflected : lip oblong acute. A yellowish- 
white plant with a white coral-like reot, 

edontorhixum (toothed coral. W. C.P.p. Ju. 2.) 
scape sheathed, leafless: flowers pedicelled ; 
petals lanceolate, equal: lip ovate, obtuse. 
Resembling the last in habit. These two spe- 
cies are found in great plenty near Williams 
College. Their distinctive characters are clear 
aud decided : notwithstanding the random 
assertions of a reviewer, who seems fond of 
jadging without examination. 


CYNANCHUM, 90. 


obliquum (choak-dog. P. p. Ju. U4.) stem twining, 
hirsute: leaves cordate, acute, villose: flow- 
ers umbelied : petals oblique, revolute. Pursh 
says, he doubts its being an American species. 


CYNARA, 82. 


cardunculus (cardoon. E. 2.) leaves Spipeasy all 
pinnatifid : scales of the calyx ovate. | 

scolymus (garden artichoke. E. %.) leaves sub- p 
spinose, pinnate : scales ef the calyx ovate. 


CYNOGLOSSUM, CYPERUS. 295 
CYNOGLOSSUM, 37. 


officinale (hound tongue, P. W. A. H. N. C. p. J. 
% .) very soft-pubescent : leaves broad-lanceo-. 
late, sessile : panicled-racemes. 

amplexicaule (W. C. P. w. & b. J. UL.) very hir- 

~sute : leaves oval-oblong ; upper ones clasp- 
yn corymbs terminal, leafless, long-pedun- 
i . 


Cypervs, 29. 


1. Spikelets aggregate. 
Kyllingoeoides (C. J. %.) little heads globose : 
' spikelets oblong, convex, about 8-flowered : in- 
volucre “Sy 7. tac rire lax. 
poaeformis (C. Y. W. g-p. Au. ¥.) spikelets ob- 
long, flat, fascicle-corymbed ; eaten sessile 
and peduncled : involucre 3-leaved, very long. 
ancinatus (Vermont. J. %.) little heads sub-glo- 
bose, glomerate : spikelets linear, about 8-flow- 
ered ; valves lanceolate, recurve-acuminate : 
~ involucre about 2-leaved, very long. 


2. Umbels with elongated rays ; spikelets terminal, 
umbelled. 


- eompressus (P. Ju. 2.) spikelets digitate, about 
in fours, lance-oblong, valves mucronate, broad, 
membranaceous. 

Jiliculmis (C. %.) spikelets linear, head-globular, 

much spread : umbels about 1-rayed : involu- 
cres and culm setaceous, involucers 3-leaved. 

tenuis (C.) umbel terminal, simple : involucre 3 or 

_ 4-leaved, longer than the spikelets, rough at 
the apex : peduncles unequal : spikelets lance- 
olate, alternate, yellow, acute, 10 to 17 flower- 
ed, bracted at the base. 7 

brizeus (C. Ju. 2.) a oblong-ovate, obtuse : 
umbels crowded, leafless : leaves narrow. 


tyflexus (P. Ju.) umbels 3-leaved, simple ; spikes 


226) CYPERUS. pee 


S, ovate, one sessile, the others peduncled, con- 
glomerate : spikelets oblong, green, compress- 
_ed, 7-flowered : plant sweet-scented. _ + 
diandrus (C. Au.) culm obtusely 3-cornered ; 
umbels sub-radiate : spikes crewded, capitate : 
each spike lance-oblong, many flowered (14 to 
16) glumes acutish, carinate: stamens 2: 
_ styles bifid : seed ovate 1 eA Torrey. 
A new species, discovered by J. Le Conte, Esq. 
on the borders of salt marshes.. 


3. Umbels with elongated rays ; spikelets alter- 
t 


nate. 
flavicomus (P. g-y. Ju. 1.) spikelets lance-lin- 
ear : valves oblong obtuse ; fruit-bearing, 
spreading : involucre very long. 
phymatodes (P. Au. 2.) umbels simple or decom- 
pound, rayed : invelucre 3 to 9-leaved, unequal ; 
three of the leafets very long, scabrous at the 
_tmargin: peduncles compressed : spikelets 2- 
ranked linear ; lower ones compound, upper 
_ one simple, 15-flowered : bracts linear. : 
erythrorhizus (P. Au. ©.) umbel decompound, 3- 
eaved ; umbellets mostly wanting : involucre 
8 to 6-leaved, very long, scabrous : spikelets 
alternate, linear, approximate, long, horizon- 
tal, 12-flowered, terete-compressed, 
parviflorus (P. Au.) umbel compound : inyolu- 
cre 3-leaved, longer than the peduncles; _ pe- 
duncles glabrous, many (6 to 10) 3-sided : 
. spikelets 3, compressed, alternate, ovate, 8- 
owered. 


JSlavescens (C. P. Au. %.) spikelets lance-linear, 
crowded : involucre 3-leaved, longer than the 

3-cleft umbel. 

strigosus (C. W. Y. P. g-y. Au. 2%.) spikes ob- 
long, lax ; spikelets subulate spreading, remet- 
ish : involucres nearly wanting: rays of the 
umbellets alternate, | 


ty ae 


| 
| 


CYPERUS, CYPRIPEDIUM. = 227 


virens (P. Ju. 1.) spikes corymbed ; spikelets 

~ oval: involucre very long. 

tuberosus (nut-grass. P. Ju. ¥%.); spikelets lance- 
Jinear, convexish + involucre 3-leaved, longer 
than the 5-rayed umbel. 


4. Umbels with short rays ; spikes digitate. 


aestuarius (C.) stem 3-cornered: umbel lax, sub- 
radiate, rays short: spikes 3 to 5-fingered, 
Jance-linear : 7 to 10-flowered, compressed : 
glumes lance-acute : stamens 2: style bifid ; 
seed oblong obtuse compressed. A new spe- 
cies discovered and described by Dr. John 
Torrey. Grows in salt marshes. 


CyprIrepiuM, 89. 


candidum (white ladies’ slipper. P. w. M. 2.) 
stem lealy ; leaves lance-oblong: lobe of the 
‘style lanceolate, obtusish : lip compressed, 
shorter than the lanceolate petais. 

parviflorum (C, P. 1-5. M. 2.) stem leafy : lobe 
of the triangular style acute ; outer petals ob- 
long-ovate, acuminate ; inner ones linear, con- 

torted : lip shorter than petals, compresssed. 
pubescens (yellow ladies’ slipper. W. P. C. y. M. 

~ 4.) stem leafy : lip of the style triangular-ob- 

long, obtuse : outer petals oblong-ovate, acu- 

minate ; inner ones very long, linear, contort- 

ed: lip compressed, shorter than the petals. 

~ gpectabile (gay ladies — Ww. A.C. P. w. & 

. J. U.) stem leafy : lip of the style oval-cor- 

ate, obtuse: outer petals broad-ovate obtuse : 
lip longer than the petals. 

humile (low ladies’ slipper. O. w. & p. M. 2.) 
scape leafless 1-flowered: radical leaves in 
pairs, oblong, obtuse : lip of the style round- 
rhomboid, -acuminate, deflexed ; lip longer 
than the lanceolate petals, split velore. 


~ 228 DACTYLIS, DAUCUS, ~ 
Dd... 
DacrTyLis. 


glomerata (orchard grass. OwJ. 2.) panicle one- 
sided, glomerate. 


DALIBARDA, 653. 


repens (New-England. P. w. J. 2.) villose : hav- 
‘ing creeping shoots : leaves simple, cordate, 
crenate : peduncles 1-flowered. 

fragarioides (dry strawberry. W. P. y. M. 2.) 
leaves ternate : leafets wedge-form, gash-ser- 
rate, ciliate: peduncies many-flowered : tube 
of the calyx obconic. 


DAPHNE, 54. 


mezereum (mezereon. KE. M. kh.) flowers sessile, 
cauline, in threes : leaves lanceolate. 

odora (sweet mezereon. E. w. Ap. k.) having 
many flowers in little terminal heads ; leaves 
scattered, lance-oblong, glabrous. 


DaTisca, 100. 


hirta (false hemp. P. y. 11.) stem hirsute: leaves 
pinnate ; leafets running together at the base. 
Flowers small, panicled, 


Datura, 38. 


stramoniwm (thorn apple. Y. A. H. C. P. w-b. 
Au. ©.) pericarps spinose, erect, ovate : leaves 
ovate, glabrous. Odour very disagreeable. 

tatula (C. P. w. Ju. &.) pericarps spinose, 
erect, ovate: leaves cordate, glabrous, toothed. 


Dawcus, 45. 
carota (carrot. E. w. Ju. &.) seeds hispid : peti- 
ts 


oles nerved underside : divisions of the leafe 
narrow-linear, acute. 


DECUMARIA, DIANTHUS. 229 


, Drevumaria, 60. 

ssarmentosa (decumary. Southern states. w. Ju. 

 }.) leaves ovate, acute ; rounded at the base, 
serrate at the apex. <A climbing shrub, grow- 


ing in swamps. 
DELPHINIUM, 65. 


consolidum (larkspur, E. b. Ju. ©.) nectaries 1- 
leaved ; stem subdivided. 

ajacis (rocket larkspur. E. b, Au, ©.) nectary 
j-leaved : stem simple. 

exaltatum (P. b. Ju. %.) nectary 2-leaved ; lip 
oblong 2-cleft; divisions lanceolate, equal : 
leaves 3-parted, divisions 3-cleft. 

axureum (Seuthern states. b. M. 2/.) stem stiffly 
erect : leaves linear, many-cleft: flowers spik- 
ed: petals very downy : spur arched, 3 

staphisagria (if. b. 8.) nectary 4-leaved, short- 
er than the petals: leaves palinate, with obtuse 
lobes. 


DENTARIA, 74. 


diphylla (tooth-root, trickle. O. y. & vp. M. 2.) 
- ‘stem with 2 leaves near each other ; which are 
ternate, ovate-oblong, unequally gash-toothed : 
root toothed. The rcot is white, brittle, and 
_ has a strong taste resem ling the horse-radish. 
laciniata (New-England. ©. P. p. M. 1f.) leaves 
- in threes, ternate; leafets 3-parted, linear-ob- 
long, gash-toothed : root tuberous, moniliform. 


DiantTuus, 58. 


barbatus (sweet william. E. r. & w. Ju. 2.) flow- 
ers fascicled : scales of the calyx ovate-subu- 
late, equalliug the tube : leaves eel 

armeria (pink. eee 0:3) re du. +) 


e 


owers 


936  DIANTHUS, DICRANUM. 


aggregate, fascicled: scales of the calyx lance- 
olete, villose, equalling the tube. 

caryophyllus (carnation. E. r. & w. 4.) flowers 
solitary : scales of the calyx subrhomboid, very 
short: petals crenate, beardless : leaves linear- 
subulate, channelled. By rich culture the sta- | 
mens mostly change to petals. 

chinensis (china pink. E. Ju. 6.) flowers solita- _ 

_ry: scales of the calyx subulate, spreading, | 

leafy, equalling the tube : petals crenate : leaves 
lanceolate. 

plumarius (single pink. E. r. & w. Y.) flowers 
solitary : scales of the calyx subovate, very — 
short and obtuse, awnless: corol many-cleft, 
with the throat hairy. 


DIsAPENSIA, 39. 


lapponica (Whitehills. Big. w. Ju. 2%.) leaves 
spatulate, glabrous : anthers oblique, awnless. 

guneifolia (Whitehills. Peck. C. w. J. kh.) leaves 
lance-wedgeform, pubescent below : anthers 
horizonial, beaked at the base, 


DicksontiA, 104. 


pilosiuscula (fine-haired fern. O.) frond doubly- 
" pinnate ; leafets lance-oblong, pinnatifid 5 di- 

vision gash-toothed at the upper margin; stem 
_ gubpilose. 


Dicranum, 107. 
A. Leaves 2-rowed, compressed. 


Gryoides (fork moss) stem simple : leaves alters 
nate, ovate, oblong, pointed: capsule terminal, 
erect. 7 

iaxifolium, stem simple : leaves oblong-lanceo- 
late, acute: capsule nearly radical, 2 ; 
lid beaked. 


'* PICRANUM. 231. 


adiantoides, erect, branched : leaves ovate-lanceo- 
-Jate, sheathing : capsules inclining from abont: 
~ the middle : lid awl-form, erect. 


B. Leaves pointing one-way, or spreading. 


scoparium, branched, ‘erect : leaves lance-awl- 
form, spread at top: capsule solitary, oblique, 
with an awl-form lid. 
jla ellare, somewhat branched, erect : leaves, 
ance-awlform, nearly nerveless : capsule cy- 
-lindric, erect, grooved : lid awl-form, incurv-. 
» Spats. 
heteromallum, nearly simple : leaves cutlass-form,, 
capillary, broader at base : capsule obovate, 
gibbous, inclined : lid awl-form. incurved. 
warium, nearly simple: leaves lance-awlform, 
1-nerved, spread, zigzag at top: capsule inclin- 
ed, top-form : lid conic, slightly curved, 
pulvinatum, branched : leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
bearing hairs : capsule ovate, immersed in the 
leaves, inclined : lid strait-awlform. 
glaucum, branched at top: leaves crowded, erect, 
lanceolate, pointed nerveless : capsule ovate, 
inclined : lid awl-form, curved. 
_strictum (W.) forked or branched at top : leaves 
’ lance-awlform ; capsule cylindric, inclined ; 
lid conic, 7 
virens, slightly branched: leaves linear-lanceo- 
late, pointed, keeled : capsule oblong-ovate, 
curved, wen-like at base. 
polycarpon, branched : leaves linear-lanceolate, 
twisted when dry : capsule obovate, nearly 
strait, grooved, 
latifolium, erect ; leaves oblong dilated, concave, 
ending in a short hair : capsule cylindric strait. 
ambiguum, erect, simple : leaves imbricate 4- 
ways, ovate-lanceolate, pointed : capsule wen- 
like, on a long receptacle, ovate, drooping ; 
‘lid oblique, 


ail 


282 DIDYMODON, DILATRIS. 
| Dipymopon, 107. 
lineare (double-tooth moss) leaves linear, 
sid bi te 41. 


fumilis (bush honeysuckle. O. y. Ju. kh.) pe- | 
duncies axillary and terminal, dichotomous, 3- _ 
Jiowered : leaves ovate, serrate, acuminate, — 
DD. canadensis, Variable in size, 


DiGrraLis. 72. 


purpurea (foxglove. E. p. Ju. %.) leafets of thé 
calyx ovate, acute : corol obtuse: upper lip en~ 
tire: leaves lance-ovate, rugese. 


DiIGITARIA, 50. 


sanguinalis (finger-grass. O. g-p. Ju. &.) spikes 
many : flowers imbricate, in pairs: sheaths 
and leaves papillose-pilose : culm creeping. 

paspalodes (C. P. Au. ©.) spikes in pairs, subvil- 
lose at the base: rachis broadish, glabrous : 
flowers solitary, imbricate two ways, glabrous : 
leaves spreading; sheaths glabrous, villous at 
the neck : culm creeping. 

milosa (C. P. Au. ©.) spikes from 2 to 5, erect, 
filiform : flowers remote, hirsute, in pairs, 
with one of them scarcely pedicelled : leaves 
short ; sheaths pilose : culm erect, glabrous, 
naked above. 

daciylon (P. Au. U.) spikes digitate, spreading, 
villose at the bases within : flowers solitary : 
shoots creeping. A new genus, Cynodon, is 
made of this species by Richard, 


DivatTris, 28. Leehae: 


linetoria (red-root. C. y. Ju. %.) petals lanceolate, 
downy outside : panicle corymbed, downy : 
leaves long, naked, linear. 


> 
~ ‘PIONAEA, DIRCA, | 23% 


DionabBa, 57. 


quscipula (Venus’ flytrap. Southern states. w. 
Ju. ¥%.) radical leaves with a terminal appen- 
dage, somewhat resembling a rat-trap. This 

_ 4s suddenly closed, on being irritated. 


Dioscorea, 100. 


villosa (yam-root. P. C.J. %.) leaves alternate 
opposite and whorled, cordate acuminate pu- 
bescent beneath, 9-nerved, nerves lateral sim-- 


le. 
roamed (P. J. 2.) leaves glaucous. Muhl, 
Diosryros, 100. 


wirginiana (persimon, seeded plum. C. P. w-y. 

_ M. hk.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate glab- 
rous reticulate-veined ; petioles pubescent : 
buds glabrous. 


Dirnascum, 107. 
folioswm (bladder mouth.) leaves linear, acuminate: 
Dirsacus, 35. 


fullonum (teasel. E. w. Ju. %.) leaves sessile, 
serrate : chaff hooked. 
sylvestris (wild teasel. P. Sheffield, Mass. Ju. % .) 
leaves connate sinuate : chaff strait : head in- 
volucred. 


Drea, 54, 


palustris (leather-wood, moose-wood. W. P. N, 
A. y. Ap. b..) leaves oval : lowers axillary, 2 
or Sina hairy, pues involucre. 
' at. 


— 
434 DODECATHEON, DRACAENA; 


DoDECATHEON, 38. 


meadia (false-cowslip. P. p. M. 2.) leaves ob« 
long-oval, repintetiot ed : umbels many- 
flowered, lax : bracts oval. 

integrifolium (P.b. J. U.) leaves spatulate, en- 
tire: umbels few-flowered strait: bracts linear. 


Doticnos, 79. 


purpureus (cowhage, or cowitch. E. p. ©.) twin- 
ing, stem glabrous : petioles pubescent: coro 
With spreading wings. 


Doronicum, 86. 


mudicaule (leopard’s bane. P. y. J. 2/.) stem near- 
ly leafless : in some the peduncles are divided at 
top : leaves decussate opposite oblong-ovate. 


DRaABA, 73. 


7 Cerna (whitlow grass. C. P. w. Ap. €3.) scape nak- 
ed, leaves oblong acute sub-serrate, rough- 
haired : petals bifid: stigma sessile. 
caroliniana (C. p. w. Ap. &.) scape naked : leaves 
oval acute, very hirsute: silicles long-linear, 
glabrous, approximate. 
nrabisans (P. New-England. M. %.) stem leafy, — 
somewhat branched: radical leaves wedge- 
fanceolate ; cauline ones lanceolate ; all acute, 
divaricate-toothed: silicles acuminate with the 
permanent style. 


DRAcaENA, 50. 
borealis (wild lily of the valley, or dragoness plant. 


iP. A. C.W.g. y. J. U.) subcaulescent: leaves 
oyval-oboyate, margin ciliate ; scape pubescent ; 


' . 


DRACAENA, DULICHIUM. PRET 


umbel vn yet sometimes proliferous : pedi- 
cels naked, nodding. Mr. Rafinesque says this 
is the same as the Convallaria amnbelialeta: I 
have no doubt he is correct. AndI now re- 
gret, that I admitted this genus. 


DRAcocEPHALUM,; 70. 


——— (dragon-head. P. p. Au. ¥.) spikes 

elongated, with the flowers crowded : bracts 
subulate : teeth of the calyx nearly equal, short $ 

- Teaves linear-lanceolate, serrate. 

canariense (balm of gilead herb. E.) flowers 
spiked : leaves ternate oblong. | 

denticulatum (P. p. Ju. %.) spikes elongated, 
with remote flowers: bracts subulate : teeth of 
the calyx nearly equal: leaves obovate-lance- 
olate, toothed above. 


Dracontium, see Pothos, 
Drosera, 48. 


yotundifolia (sundew. O. y-w. Au. %.} sca e sim- 
le ; leaves nearly orbicular, narrowed at the 

ase; petioles long downy. 

longifolia (Y. P. C. y-w. Ju. YJ.) scape simple ; 
— spatulate-obovate ; petioles long, nak- 
ed. 
filifolia (C. p. J. %.) scape somewhat branched ; 
_ leaves filiform, very long. 


DvuLIcHIUM, 29. 


Spathaceum (galingale. O. g-y. Ju. ¥.) culm s- 
cornered, leafy ; spikelets spreading, about 6- 
— flowered. . 


- 
- 


e 


= 


6 ECHINOPS, ELYMUS. 


B 


EK. 
Ecuinops, 88. 


sphaerocephalus (globe thistle. E.) leaves pinnatis 
fid: stem branching. 


Ecuium, 37. 


vulgare (viper’s bugloss, blue thistle. ©. P. b. Ju. 
%.) stem tuberculate-hispid : cauline leaves 
lanceolate hispid; flowers spiked, lateral. 


ELEPHANTOPUs, 88. 


earolinianus (elephant-foot. Southern states. r. 
Au. U4.) leaves radical and cauline oblong, 
narrewed at the base, pilose on both sides : 
stem simple, erect, pilose. 


ELEUSINE, 31. 


wdica (dog-tail grass, wire grass, C. P. Ju. @.) 
glabrous : sheaths compressed, pilose at the 
neck : spikes digitate, long-linear strait ; 
‘spikelets about 6-flowered : flowers lanceolate, 


ELyMvts, 31. 


willosus (wild rye, limegrass. P. C. Ju. 2.) spikes 
erect; spikelets 3-flowered, awned, villose, ter- 
nate : calyx awned, exceeding the spikelets, 
canadensis (P. C. Ju. U.) spike nodding, spread- 
ing ; spikelets 6-flowered, awned; lower ones 
ternate, upper ones binate, 
wirginicus (W. P. C. J. 2.) spike erect ; spike- 
~ Jets 3-flowered, awned, glabrous, in pairs : ca- 
lyx lanceolate, nerved, equalling the spikelets, 
striatus (W.P. Ju. 2.) spike erect ; spikelets 2- 


ELYMUS, ENDOCARPON. 287° 


flowered, awned, hispid, in pairs: calyx li- 
near, nerved, awned, rather exceeding the 
spikelets : leaves and sheaths glabrous. 
hystrix (P. C. Ju. UY.) spike terminal erect 5 rae 
chis scabrous ; spikelets 6 to 9-lowered, di- 
verging : involucre 1 or 2-leaved, lateral, or 
none. 
glaucifolius (C. P. Ju. U.) spike noddins, some-~ 
what spreading, with a compressed rachis hav 
ing a pubescent margin; spikelets ternate bes 
_Jow. and binate above, 2 and 3-flowered : invos 
- lucre 4 or 5-leaved. 
philadelphicus (P. C. Ju. %.) spikes nodding, 
spreading ; spikelets 6-flowered, awned, 


EMPETRUM, 98. 


nigrum (black crowberry. Whitehills. Big. Ju. 
kh.) procumbent : branchlets glabrous : leaves 
oblong, glabrous, with a revolute margin, 


Enpocarpon, 113. 


hedwigii, foliaceous, thickish, with distinct small 
rounded-angular lobes, dull glaucous-green, 
white on the margin and underneath, naked 
both sides. 

squamulosus, foliaceous, thickish, somewhat 
imbricate, grey greenish-brown, beneath grey 
woolly : lobes clustered, roundish, deformed, 
repand-lobed, with the margin of the same co- 

Pr.’ 

lachenus, foliaceous, imbricate, brownish-green, 
beneath black spongy ; lobes small, a little in- 
cumbent, rounded, slightly crenate. flexuous. 


a 


miniatus (hidden lichen.) foliaceous, peltate, pale, 


with minute excavations, beneath smoo 


1. 
vous becoming wrinkled, with a spread- ed 


circumference, 


938° «= EPIGAEA, EPIPACTIS: © 
A | 
EPIGAEA, 57. 


repens (trailing arbutus. W. At P. N. H. r. & w. 

Ap. kh.) stem creeping: branches and petioles 
very hirsute : leaves cordate, entire: corel cy- 
lindric. 


EPitonium, 54. 


spicatum (willow-herb, W. A. P. N. H. ©. p. Ju. 
uy.) leaves scattered, lance-linear, veiny, gla- 
brous : flowers unequal : stamens declined. 
This species grows from 4 to 6 feet high. 

lineare (¥. W. H.C. w. & vr. Ju. ¥.) stem terete, 
ebescent, wandlike, branched above : cauline 
eaves opposice, branch leaves alternate, linear, 
very entire: flowers few, terminal, long-pe- 
duncled. Flowers small. | 

coloratum (P. C, Lake-George. r. Ju. 4.) stem 
terete, b ghee: leaves lanceolate, serrulate, 
petioled, opposite ; upper ones alternate, glab- 
rous, red-veined. 

detragonum (W. Y. P. r. Ju. 2.) stem with pro- 
minent subquadrangulate lines: leaves oppo- 
site ; upper ones alternate, lanceolate, serru- 
late. Flowers small. 

palustre (W. P. Ju. Y.) stem terete : leaves ses- 
sile, lanceolate, sub-denticulate : stigma undi- 
vided, 

alpinum (Whitehills. w-r. Au. 2/.) stem simple, 
subterete, 1 or 2-flowered : leaves opposite, 
oval, entire: flowers sessile. Wery minute, 


EPIPACctIs, 89. 


convallaroides (lily orchis. C. g-p. M. 4.) stem 
” with 2 round-cordate, acute, opposite leaves: 
spike few-flowered : lip oblong, dilated at the 
apex, obtusely 2-lobed : germ sub-globose : 
roet fibrous, 


EQUISETUM, ERIGERON. 239 
EquisetuM, 106, 


arvense (horsetail. O. Ap. 2/.) barren stems with 
simple branches ; the branches scabrous, 4-sid- 
ed: fructification simple: sheaths cylindric 
gash-toothed, teeth acute. 

sylvaticum(O. Ap. 7.) barren and fertile stems 
doubly branched : branches scabrous, detlected, 
4-sided ; branchlets somewhat 3-sided. 

aliginosum (C. P. W. M. 2.) stem subramose : 
branches generally in fours, 4-sided, glabrous : 
spike terminal, cylindric. 

scirpoides (Can. Vermont. Ju. 24.) stem simple, 
ascending, glabrous, filiform, bearing a spike 
at the top: sheaths 3-toothed ; teeth withers 
ing, with caducous awns at the apex. 

hyemale, (scouring rush. O. Ju. ¥.) stems erect, 
very scabrous, bearing spikes at the apex : 
sheaths 2-coloured, withering at the base and 
apex: teeth with caducous awns. 


Enrica, 54. 


pubescens (downy heath. E. r. M.) corol linear, . 
pubescent, with the limb erect : capsule glab- 2 
rous : leaves fringed. 

 tetralix (CE. h-) anthers awned: corol ovate ; 

style inclosed : leaves in forms, ciliate ; flow- 

ers in heads. 


ERIGERON, 86. 


cnnadense (fleabane, pride-weed. O. w. Ju. @.) 
stem hispid, panicled: leaves lance-linear, cili- 
ate: calyx cylindric: rays crowded, short. 
Flowers small. Plant strong-scented. Pow- 
dered leaves useful in stopping blood. 

Ayssopifolium (P. y. Ju. %.) stem panicled with © 
sterile branches ; a few extended into naked 
peduncles: leaves linear, glabrous, ciliate; 
rays much longer than the cylindric calyx. 


240  ERIOGERON, ERIOCAULON. 


strigosum (P. .W. w. Ju. &.)  strigose-pilose: — 
leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; in the 
middie are afew coarse teeth or it is entire; 
flowers corymb-panicled. » : 

hetlerophylium (P. ©. w. J. %.) radical leaves 
round-ovaie, deeply-toothed, peticled ; cauline 
ones lanceolate, acute, serrate inthe middle : co- 

. rymb terminal. 

philadelphicum (O. b-p. Au. 2 .) pubescent : leaves 
wedge-oblong, rarely gash-toothed; cauline 
ones half-clasping : stem weak, simple, corymb- 
ed above: peduncles elongated, 1-flowered : 
re? capillary, twice as long as the hemispheric 
calyx. 

purpureum (P. C. p. Ju. %.) pubescent : leaves 
oblong, toothed, clasping ; upper ones entire : 
peduncles thickened, corymbed ; lower ones 
elongated : scales of the calyx hairy on the 
keel : rays twice as long as the calyx. 

bellidifolium (O. b. & w. M. Uf.) hirsute, hoary : 
radical leaves obovate, subserrate ; cauline ones 
few, distant, lanceolate, entire: stem about 3- 
flowered : rays long. 

nervosum (P. w.Ju. UY.) white pubescent: leaves 
lance-linear, very entire, silky, nerved : flow- 
ers panicled. 


Erintvs, 72. 


africanus (P. b. Au.) leaves lanceolate, toothed ; 
stem weak, zigzag-erect. 


ERIOcAULON, 92. 


pellucidum (pipewort. Y. C. N. P. H. g, Au. 2.) 
"scape very slender, about 7-striped : leaves li- 
ear-subulate, channelled, glabrous, pellucid, 
-nerved, transversely striate : head smail glo- 
bose: scales of the inyolucre oval-obtuse. 
Grows in water from 6 to 12 inches high. 


ERIOCAULON, ERYNGIUM. 24 


decangulare (tall pipewort. P. C. S. %.) scape 
10-striped : leaves ensiform, glabrous: heads 


large, depressed-globose : scales of the involu- 
cre ovate, acute: chaff of the receptacle mucro- 
nate. Three or four feet high. 


Ertiorpnorvum, 29. 


~virginicum (cotton grass. C. P. M. 1.) culm te- 

rete, iat : leaves flat: spikes crowded, sub- 
sessile, shorter than the involucre. In bog- 
meadows, as all the following species are. 

angustifolium (W. Y. C. M. %.) culm leafy, te- 
rete: leaves 3-sided, channelled: spikes pe- 
duncled : seeds ovate. 

polystachium (C. P. M. y.) culm leafy, terete : 
leaves flat: spikes peduncled : seed ovate. 


Eropium, 76. 


ciconium (stork-bill geranium. E. ©.) peduncle 
many-flowered : leaves pinnate : leafets pin- 
natifid, toothed ; petals oblong, obtuse: stenr 
ascending. 

cicutarium (hemlock geranium. P. p. A. @.) pe- 
duncles many-flowered : leaves pinnate ; leaf- 
ets sessile, pinnatifid, gashed: corol larger 
than the calyx: stem prostrate hirsute. 

moschatum (musk geranium. E. &.) peduncles 
many-flowered : leaves pinnate ; leafets sub- 

tioled, oblong, gash-toothed : petals equal- 

ng the calyx : stem procumbent. 


ErxyNGIuM, 44. 


ovalifolium (sea-holly. P. C. b. Ju. 2.) simple : 
leaves heart-ovate, with very short petioles : 
heads all peduncled: leafets of the involucre 


chaffy and 3-cleft ; stem wandlike, branching - 


above, not below. 


ys 


242 ERYNGIUM, ESULA. | 


virginianum(P. C. g. &b. Ju.Y.) very tall : leaves» 
long lance-linear, serrate : branches linear, — 
many-parted : leafets of the involucre longer — 
_ the head, chaffy, 3 to 5-cleft : heads pan- 
icled. 


Erysi1mMuM, 74. 


officinale (hedge-mustard. O. y. J. ©.) siliques | 
close-pressed to the rachis of the spike: leaves — 
runcinate. 

barbarea (water radish. W. N. y. M. 2.) lower 
leaves lyrate, with the terminal lobe roundish ; — 
upper leaves obovate, toothed : silique almost 
square. é 


ERYTHRONIUM, 50. 


dens-eanis (dog-tooth violet, adder’s tongue. O. y. 
Ap. y.) leaves oblong-ovate, glabrous, spotted. — 
Scape 4 to 8 inches high. 1 


Esvuna, 61. 


_lathyrus (spurge caper. E. J. 8.) umbel 4-cleff, 
dichotomous: leaves opposite, entire, lance- 
olate, pointing four ways. 

peplus (wild caper. Ju. &.) umbel 3-cleft, dicho- 
tomous, involucels ovate: leaves entire, obo- 
vate, petioled. 

mercurialina (P.Ju. YU.) stems slender, weak, 
leaves opposite or in threes, subsessile, oval, en- 
tire : peduncles terminal, solitary, 1-fiowered. 

corollata (C. P. Ju. U4.) umbel, 5-cleft, 3-cleft, 
and dichotomous ; involucels and leaves oblong, 
obtuse : appendages of the calyx obovate and 
resembling petals. 

Remark. ‘These species were taken from the 
genus Euphorbia. See Persoon. This di- 
vision is very proper. Every one has obsery- 


ESULA, EUPATORIUM. 243 


i ed the unnatural union of the spotted spurge and 
_ garden caper. 


Eruuvnia. 84, 


uniflora (floating daisy. C. p. Au. 2/.) leaves se- 
aceous-linear, whorled : stem about 1-flower= 
_ ed: egret 5-tooted, bellform. 


EvonyMvus, 41. 


atropurpureus ‘spindle-tree. C. P. p. J. kh.) leaves 
petioled, lance-oblong, acuminate, serrate : pe- 
duncles divaricate, many-flowered ; flowers 4- 
cleft : fruitsmooth. Fruit red. 
americanus (burning bush. P. r-y. J. kh.) branch- 
es 4-angled: leaves subsessile, lance-oval, acute, 
serrate: peduncles about 3-flowered; flowers 
all 5-cleft : fruit warty-muricate. Fruit red. 
- Said to grow in New-England. 


EUPATORIUM, 84. 
1. Calyxes not more than 5flowered. 


hyssopifolium (hyssop-thoroughwort, hempweed, 
'  C. w. Au. 2/.) leaves opposite, somewhat whorl- 
ed, linear, entire, pubescent, 3-nerved, punc- 
a : radical ones subdentate. About one foot 

— high. 
ecastidatou (P. C. Au. 2%.) leaves sessile, clasp- 
~ ing, distinct, lance-ovate, rounded at the base, 
serrate, very glabrous : stem somewhat gla- 
Se agg About two feet high, grows in recky 

ills. 
jruncatum (P. Ju. bh.) leaves sessile, clasping, 
distinct, lanceolate, truncate at the base, ser- 
rate, somewhat glabrous : stem pubescent. 
Resembles the last. ‘ant 
album (P. Au. ¥..) leaves subsessile, lance-oblong, 


244 EUPATORIUM. 


roughish, serrate, innerscales of the calyxiong, 
lanceolate, scarious, coloured. About 18 in- — 
ches high. 
danceolatum (P. Au. 2/.) lea¥es sessile, distinct, — 
lance-oblong, scabrous, deeply serrate: scales — 
of the calyx one-coloured. Resembles the last. 
trifoliatum (C. P. Au. 2.) leaves petioled, in | 
threes or fours, ovate, tapering to both ends, 
serrate roughish. ‘Tall, not branched. 
teucrifolium (New-England. P. ©. Au. 4.) leaves 
sessile, distinct, ovate, scabrous ; upper ones 
with coarse teeth at the base and with the sum- 
mit entire. About 2 feet high. 
gnelissoides (P. Au. 2.) leaves petioled, ovate, ob- 
tusish, obtusely-serrate, veiny, somewhat glab- 
rous. Resembles the last. 
rotundifolium (P. Au: %.) leaves sessile, distinct, 
round-cordate, obtusely-serrate, veiny : scales 
“ or calyx acuminate. About 12 to 18 inches 
igh, | 
pubescens (C. P. Au. %.) leaves sessile, distinct, 
ovate, scabrous, veiny ; lower ones doubly-ser- 
rate, upper ones subserrate, stem panicled, pu- 
bescent ; branches fastigiate. Not above two 
feet high. 
dlissimum (P. Au. 2.) leaves subsessile, lan- 
ceolate, 5-nerved, tapering to both ends, pubes- 
cent ; lower ones serrate in the middie. From 
5 to7 feet high. 
amoenum (C. p. S. 7.) leaves with shert petioles, 
opposite and in threes, lance-oblong, acute at 
both ends, serrate, sub-glabrous, sub-rugose, 
net-veined beneath : corymb fastigiate : scales 
of the calyx oblong, coloured. 2 feet. high. 
ceanothifolium (C. P. Au. 2.) leaves petioled, 
ovate, acuminate, toothed, 3-nerved, glabrous, 
Resembles, in general aspect, the New-Jersey 
tea. 1G 
£racile (slender thoroughwort. C.) stem erect, sim- 
ple, glabrous below, pubescent above: leaves 


* 


. 


~ 


EUPATORIUM. 245 


opposite, short-petioled, lance-ovate, from the 

_ middle upwards serrate, tapering to the base 
and entire, glabrous above, pubescent at the 
veins beneath (sometimes lanceolate, entire :) 
cyme large, peduncled, somewhat lax, pubes- 
cent: calyx 5-flowered, scales obtuse. About 
4 feet high. A new species by Dr. John Tor- 
rey. 

oa: ea (smooth hempweed. C.) leaves in 
fives, lanceolate, petioled, serrate, slender, 
glabrous both sides: stem hollow, terete, 
smooth, sub-glaucous : calyx about 5-flowered. 

_ Grows 5 or 6 feet high, stem marked with pur- 
ple lines. Resembles E. purpureum. A new 
species by Dr. John Torrey. 


2. Calyxes more than 5-flowered. 


purpureum (purple thoroughwort, or joe-pye. O, 
. Au. 2.) leaves in fours or fives, petioled, 
ance-ovate, serrate, rugose-veined, roughish : 

stem hollow. 5 or 6 feet high. 

macuatum (C. P. p. Au. 2/.) leaves in fours or 

fives, unequally serrate, pubescent beneath: 
my solid, furrowed. Hardly so tall as the 
ast. . 
punctatum (P. p. Au. 2.) leaves in fours or fives, 
petioled, ovate, acuminate, serrate, scabrous 

- bothsides : stem solid, terete. Hardly so tall 
as the last. 

werticilatum (joe-pye’s weed. O. p. Au. 2.) 

leaves in threes or fours, lance-ovate, wedge- 
form at the base, unequally serrate, somewhat 
a. : stem solid, smooth. 4 to 6 feet 

igh. 

‘chefcliatems (boneset, thoroughwort. O. w. Au. 
UL.) leaves connate-perfoliate, oblong, serrate, 

rugose, downy beneath: stem villose. About 
$ feet high. Excellent in colds and some fe- 
vers, 

V2 


946 EUPATORIUM; 


coelestinum (P.b. Au. 14) leaves petioled, heart- 
ovate, obtusish, 3-nerved, obtusely-serrate : 
flowers corymbed. 

ageratoules (O. w. Au. 2{.) leaves petioled, ovate, 
acuminate, 3-nerved, unequally and coarsely 
toothed, serrate, glabrous : corymb many-flow- 

— spreading: calyx simple. About 2 feet 

igh. 


Evproreis, 61. 


hypericifolia (spurge. Y. P. Ju. ©.) dichoto- 
mous, glabrous, very branching, erect, spread- 
ing: leaves opposite, serrate, oval-oblong, sub- 
falcate : corymb terminal. 
maculata (spotted spurge. O. w. Ju. ©.) erect- 
spreading: leaves opposite, serrate, oblong, 
hairy: flowers axillary, solitary : appendages 
to the calyx coloured. Leaves when young and 
in dry ground, spotted. 
dentata (P. Ju. &.) small, hirsute: leaves ns 
site, oval, dentate : flowers crowded together 
at thesummit. Upper.leaves spotted. 
polygonifolia (C. P. Ju. 2.) very giabrous, diffus- 
ed: leaves opposite entire, lance-linear, obtuse: 
flowers solitary, axillary. 
tpecacuanhae (C. P. Ju. 2/.) procumbent, small, 
glabrous : leaves opposite, oboval or lanceolate ; 
peduncles axillary, elongated, 1-fiowered. Ve- 
_ry long root. 
portulacoides (P. Ju. U.) erect: leaves entire: 
oval, retuse : peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, 
equalling the leaves. 


Euphorbia, see Esula. 
EvupnuRastiA, 71. 
officinalis (eyebright. Can. P. w. Ju. ©.) leaves 


ovate, obtusely toothed : lower divisions of the 
Jip emarginate. 


‘FAGUS, FESTUCA. 247 
F. 


Facus, 95. 


inea (beech. O. y-w. J. bh.) leaves ovate- 
f ~ acuminate, pubescent beneath, coarsely 


oO 
toothed, at the base obtuse, subcordate-oblique : 
nuts acutely ovate, 3-sided. Middling sized 
tree. 


Fepta, 27. 


olitoria (lamb letture. E.) stem dichotomous + 
leaves lance-linear. 
radiata (wild lamb-lettuce. C. P. Ju. €.) leaves 
spatulate-oblong, sub entire : fruit pubescent, 
t 4-sided, naked at the apex. 


FerRvta, 45. 


 panadensis (giant fennel. Y. P.) leaves ternate, 
more than decompound ; leafets ovate, serrate, 
rigid,veiny : stem, peduncles and uinbels villose. 


Festuca, 32. 


elatior (fescue-grass. C. H. W. P. Ju. %.) pani- 
cle nodding, very branching, lax ; spikelets 
lance-ovate, acute: florets at first cylindric 
and closed, spreading in maturity, obsoletely 

- nerved. 

poaeoides (Can. Ju. 2.) panicle somewhat crowd- 

~ ed; lower branclies simple : spikelets alter- 
nate, oblong, subsessile, awnless : leaves flat, 
very glabrous. 

Jluitans (water-fescue. C. P. J. %.) panicle long, 
jax ; branches simple: spikelets close-pressed, 
linear-terete, many-flowered ; florets awnless, 
striate : culm decumbent; leaves very glab- 
rous, 


2486 j|§§ FESTUCA, FLUVIALIS. 


* 

nutans (New-England. P. Ju. 2.) branches of 
the panicle one-way, nodding, scabrous : spike- 
lets ovate, compressed, about 6-flowered, acute, 
awned : leaves lance-linear. 

clandestina (C.) panicle concealed ; branches 
solitary ; one spikelet sessile, another pedun- 
cled: leaves with long sheaths, linear, nerved 
stipules acuminate. if 

tenella (C, W. P. Ju. &.) panicle very simple,one- 
way : spikelets about 9-flowered, awned : leaves 
linear-setaceous ; stipules 2-eared: culm 4-sid- 
ed above, branching at the base. 

duriuscula (C. Ju. 2.) panicle one-way, diffuse : 
florets awned : culm terete : cauline leaves flat: 
root fibrous. 

yubra ? (P. 2.) culm striate, red at the base, pu- 
bescent, geniculate, with dark-coloured joints : 
panicle contracted, erect and a little nodding ; 
rachis 3-sided, zigzag: spikelets lanceolate, 
terete, pedicelled, having pedicelled florets : 
leaves very long, with striate glabrous sheaths, 


> 


Ficvus, 98. 


carica (fig tree. E. g. Ju. hb.) leaves cordate, 3 
or 5-lobed, repand-toothed ; lobes obtuse, scab- 
rous above, pubescent beneath. 


‘FLOERKEA, 49. 


uliginosa (falsemermaid. P. w-y. Ap. 2.) leaves 
alternate; those under water ternate, those 
above water quinate-pinnate. Nectris pin- 
nata. Pursh. 


FLUVIALIS, 90. 
fragilis (river-nymph. P. S. @.) leaves opposite 


or in threes, linear-subulate, recurved, aculeate- 
toothed, rigid. In water. ait 


FLUVIALIS, FRAGARIA. 249 


iis (C. P. Au. ©.) leaves in sixes, linear, 
denticulate at the apex, spreading. Flowers 
very small. 


FonTinaLis, 109. 


capillacea (water moss.) leaves acute, linear-awl- 

- form, spread, longer than the capsule : sheath 
and peduncles long, filiform. 

antepyretica, stem branched, 3-sided : leaves lan- 
ceolate, acute, keel-form, nerveless, 3-rowed 3 
sheath-leaves obtuse: lid awlform. 


FoTHERGILLA, 65. 


ifolia (fothergill’s bush. Southern states. w. 
p- k.) leaves wedge-obovate, crenate-toothed 
above. Var. major, has ovate-oblong leaves, 
subcordate. Var. acuta, has ovate acute 
leaves. 


FRAGARIA, 63. 


vesca (english strawberry. E. w. M. 2/.) calyx 
of the truit reflexed: hairs on the petioles 
spreading, on the peduncle close-pressed. 

elatior (hautboy-strawberry. E. w. %.) calyx of 
the fruit reflexed: hairs on the peduncle and 
petiole spreading. 

_grandiflora (pineapple-strawberry. E. %.) calyx 
of the fruit erect: hairs on the peduncle and 
petiole erect : leaves coriaceous, somewhat 
glabrous above. 

virginiana (wild wep ehelt 0. w. M. ¥.) rom ha 
of the fruit spreading: hairs on the petioles 
erect, on the peduncles close-pressed: leaves 
somewhat glabrous above. 

canadensis (mountain strawberry. Can. P. w. M. 
2.) large: leafets broad-oval, lateral ones 
manilestly petioled ; pedicels long, recurve- 


950. FRAGARIA, FUCUS. | 


pendulous : receptacle of the seeds globose, hes 
neycomb-scrobiculate, villose, 2 hi. 


FRASERA, 345 


caroliniensis (pyramid flower. P.r. & y. Ju. 3.) 
leaves whorled or opposite: flowers in clusters; 
From 3 to 6 feet high. 


FRAXINUS, 98. 


acuminata (white-ash.) O. w-g. M. bh -) leafets pe- 
tioled, oblong, shining, acuminate, very entire, 

_ glaucous bencati : flowers calycled, 

juglandifolia (walnut-leaf ash, swamp ash. P. W. 
M. 4.) leafets petioied, ovate, opake, serrate, 
glaucous beneath, axils of the veins pubescent: 
branchlets glabrous : fiowers calycled. 

pubescens (black-ash, red-ash. O. M. hk.) leaf- 
ets petioled, oval-ovate, serrate, petioles and 
branchlets downy beneath : flowers calycled. 

sambucifolia (water-ash. M. hk.) leafets sessile, 
Jance-ovate, serrate, rugose-shining, round- 
oblique at the base, axils of the veins villose be- 
neath : flowers naked, not calycied. 

epiptera (P. Can. M. hk.) leafets lance-oval, sub- 
serrate: samaras wedgeform, obtuse emargin- 
ate at the apex, terete belew. 


FRITILUARIA, 51. 


imperialis (crown imperial. E.r. & y. M. 4.) flow- 
ers under a leafy crown, nodding : leaves lance- 
linear, entire. From Persia. 
maleagris (fritillary, guineahen flower. E. p & y. 
M. 2.) leaves alternate, linear, channelled : 
aie 1-flowered : nectary linear. Flower check- 
ered. 
RY 


Fucus, 110. 


natans (floating seaweed) filiform compressed, 


FUCUS, FUNARIA. ‘951 


pinnate: leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate : 
vesicles globular, peduncled, scattered, on flat 
dilated peduncles. 
wesiculosus (bubble-seaweed.) linear forked, en- 
tire ; with globular, innate and axillary vesi- 
cles, cloven at the tips ; barren ones flat, fer- 
_ tile ones tumid. 
edulis (worm seaweed.) fleshy, wedge-form, near- 
ly simple, glabrous both sides, rounded at top, 
entire at the margin. 
fruticulosus ieather seaweed.) leathery ; round, fi- 
liform, myn. er aia branched above: branch- 
es nearly bristle-form, with alternate lax branch- 
lets and small pinnate toothletted subdivisions. 
modosus (notty sea-weed.) somewhat forked : 
leaves 2-rowed, peduncled, roundish, entire, 
fertile : vesicles innate, solitary, broader thaw 
the frond. 


FUIRENA, 29. 


squamosa (umbrella grass. C. Ju. %.) flowers in 
simple umbels ; spikelets ovate: culm glabrous: 
leaves ciliate, sheaths hairy. 


Funieo, 118. 


~ septica (soot fungus.) yellow, lacinate, 
capitata, yellow, liead-form. 


FuMARIA, 77. 
officinalis (fumitory, Y. C. P. r. J. @.) stem 
branching, spread : leaves more than decom- 
pound ; leafets wedge-lanceolate, gashed. 
Funarta, 109. 
hygrometica (hygrometer moss.) leaves ovate, 


acute, concave, entire, inflected ; capsules 
swelling, drooping. 


a 
252 FUNARIA, GALEOPSIS. 


muhlenbersii, leaves obovate, awned, concave, ser- 
rulate, spread : capsule obovate, oblique. _ 


Gere 
GALACTIA, 80. 


glabella (milk-way plant. C. Pir. & w. J. U.) 
rostrate, somewhat twining and glabrous : 
eaves ternate, oval-oblong, obtuse, emarginate 
at both ends: racemes axillary, simple, abbre- 
viated, few-flowered : legumes villose. Root 
long, fusiform. 
mollis (C.P.r. & w. Ju. Y.) twining, having soft 
whitish pubescence : leaves ternate, ovate-ob- 
long, obtuse, smoothish, glaucous beneath : ra- 
cemes axillary, simple, elongated, few-flower- 
ed : legumes villose. 


GALANTHUs, 49. 


nivalis eed drop. K.w. Ap. 2/.) leaves linear, 
keeled, acute, radical : scape 1-ilowered. 


GALEGA, 80. 


virginiana (goat’s rue. P. Y. A.r. J. Uf.) erect, 
having whitish down : leafets (17 to 21) oval- 
oblong, acuminate : raceme terminal, short, 
subsessile : legumes reversed-falcate, villose, 
calyx woolly. ‘Tephrosia. Persoon. 


GALEOPSIS, 69. 


tetrahit (flowering nettle. H. W. Y. P.r. & w. Ju. 
€}.) the spaces between the joints of the stem 
thicken upwards : the upper whorls nearer to- 
gether: calyx prickly, a little shorter than the 
corol ; stem rough-haied. 


bail 
»+o+. GALIUM,.— . 253 
GALLIUM, 35. 
1. Fruit glabrous. 


trifidum (bedstraw. W. C. P. w. Ju. %.) stem 
umbent, scabrous backwards: cauline 
eaves in fives, branch leaves in fours, linear, 
obtuse, scabrous at the margin and on the 
nerves : fascicles terminal, few-flowered ; pe- 
dicels short: corols mostly 3-cleft. 
tinctorium (dyer’s cleavers. O. w. Ju. 2/.) stem dif- 
fuse, smoothish : cauline leaves in sixes, branch 
leaves in fours, linear, acutish ; margins and 
nerves with slender prickles : peduncles ter- 
minal, elongated, mostly S-flowered. 
asprellum (rough bedstraw. O. w. Ju. 2.) stem 
iffuse, very branching, prickly backwards : 
cauline leaves in sixes; branch leaves most- 
ly in fours, lanceolate, acuminate, margins and 
nerves prickly: branchlets flower-bearing, 
many-flowered : pedicels short. 


&. Fruit hirsute. 


brachiatum (bed-straw. C. P. w. Ju. 4%.) stem 
limber, long, brachiate-ramose, hispid ; branch- 
es short : leaves in sixes, lance-oblong, acumi- 
nate, glabrous, margin and Keel ciliate: branch- 
es whorled, the longest dichotomous: pedi- 
cels 2-flowered : fruit with hooks. Pursh. 
boreale (W. C. P. w. Ju. 4.) stem erect, smooth 
dJeaves in fours, linear, acute, 3-nerved, glab- 
rous: margins and nerves scabrous : panicle 
terminal, spread : fruit with slender bristlés, 
bermudianum (A. P. p. Ju. 24.) stem very branch. 
_ ing, scarcely pubescent : leaves in fours, ovate, 
obtuse, glabrous, margins and nerves pubes. 
cent, sometimes pellucid : branchlets florifer. 
ous, elongated : fruit with hooked bristles, 
micranthum (Can. P. o— 2.) stem very branche 


254.  GALIUM, GAULTHERIA. 


ing, prickly backwards : leaves short, lance- 
olate, mucronate, glabrous, margin and keel 
prickly : pedicels about 2-flowered : fruit his- 
pid. Flowers small, many. 

ceircaezans (wild liquorice. HYY. C. P. w-y. J. YU.) 
stem erect, smooth: leaves in fours, oval, ob- 
tuse, glabrous, margins and nerves a little cili- 
ate : peduncles few-flowered ; flowers remote, 

- subsessile : fruit with hooked bristles. Leaves 
taste much like liquorice. 

triflorum (W. C. A. P. w. Ju. %.) stem procum- 
bent, smoothish : leaves in fives or sixes, Jance- 
ebovate, mucronate, glabrous, scarcely cili- 
ate at the margin: branchlets 3-flowered at the 
end ; flowers pedicelled : fruit small, hispid. 

aparine (C. H. P. w. J &.) stem limber scabrous 
backwards: leaves in about eights, lance-linear, 
mucronate, hispid above, margin and keel 
prickly : branchlets of the length of the leaves, 
about 3-flowered : fruit hook-bristled. 

pilosum (C. P. p. J. Y.) stem nearly Tr long, 
ascending, remotely geniculate, hispid : 
in fours, oval, short-mucronate, very hirsute 
both sides, nerveless : branchlets nearly sim- 
ple, about 3-flowered at the end: fruit pilose. 

sirictum -(C. A. w. Ju. %.) stem stiffly erect, 
smoothish, branching ; branches short, erect : 
leaves in fours, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, 3- 
nerved, with involute scabrous margins : flow- 
ers panicled crouded ; peduncles short 3-flow- 
ered at the top, forked, hispid. Torrey. A 
new species discovered by Dr. C. W. Eddy. 


GAULTHERIA, 57, 


procumbens (spicy wintergreen. O. w. J. 2.or hk.) 
stem procumbent ; branches erect: leaves ob- 
ovate, acute at the base: flowers few, nodding. 
Berries red, consisting in part of the perma- 
nent calyx ; a little mealy, pleasant tasted. 


leaves — 


GAULTHERIA, GENTIANA. = 255 


hispidula (creeping wintergreen. W. N. P. Can. 
w. M. kh.) stem creeping, hispid, leaves oval, 
acute : flowers solitary, axi atte subsessile, 
having but 8 stamens, short-beilform. Very 
plenty in Plainfield, Mass. and at the margin 
ef a pond six miles north of Williams College. 


GAURA, 53. 


biennis (virginian loosestrife. A. P.r.& y. Au. 8.) 
- leaves lanceolate, toothed : spike crowded: fruit 
_voundish-4-cornered, pubescent. 


GENISTA, 78. 


tinctoria (dyer’s broom. E. y. Au. h.) leaves 
lanceolate, glabrous : branches terete, striate, 
erect : legumes glabrous, 


~ 


GENTIANA, 43. 


lutea (yellow gentian. C. y.) leaves broad-ovate, 
nerved : corol about 5-cleit, wheel-form, whorl-. 
ed. Muhlenberg quotes Kalm, as an authority 

_ for this being found in New-Jeisey. 

_ pnewmonanthe (calathian violet. P. Can. b. A. 2.) 
stem terete : leaves lance-linear, obtusish : flow- 

--ers terminal, fascicled ; lateral ones solitary, 
peduncled ;. corol 5-cleft, beliform, divisions 
roundish, inner folds with one acute tooth. 

‘saponaria (soap-gentian. O. b. & w. S. 2.) stem 
terete, glabrous : leaves lance-oblong 3-nerved ; 
flowers sessile, fascicled, terminal and axillary : 
corol 5-cleft bell-ventricose, almost closed at the 

_ top; inner folds toothed. 

ochrolewca (C. P.y. & b. S. U.) stem somewhat 
angled, roughish : leaves lance-ovate, rough- 

» ish: flowers sessile, fascicled, terminal ; corol 
5-cleft, bell-ventricose, divisions acute, inner 
folds simple, acute. 

finearis (P. b. Au. ¥.) stem roughish : leaves 


256 GENTIANA, GERANIUM. 


Jance-linear, undulate, ciliate as the calyxes : 
flowers 5-cleft, bellform, terminal, sessile, 
crowded ; divisions short, obtuse: interior 
folds denticulate. . | 
quinqueflora (W. A. P. b. Au. % .) stem 4-corner- 
ed, branching : leaves half-clasping, oval, acute, 
3-nerved : flowers 5-clett, bell-tubular with a 
glabrous throat, terminal and lateral, in threes 
or fives, subpedicelled, divisions lanceolate, 
acuminate : calyx short, narrow. 
angustifolia (C. b. S. 4%.) stem terete, simple, 1- 
owered: leaves narrow-linear, spreading : 
corol 5-cleft, divisions oval, inner folds torn. 
crinita (fringed gentian. O. b. S. 24.) stem terete: 
branches long, 1-flowered : leaves lanceolate, 
acute : corol 4-cleft, divisions obovate, gash- 
ciliate, interior folds simple. . 


GERANIUM, 76. 


sanguineum (bloody geranium. E. 2.) peduncle 
1-flowered : leaves 5-parted, 3-cleft, orbicular : 
capsule bristly at the top. 

maculatum (crowfoot geranium. O.r. & b. J. 4.) 
erect: pubescence reversed : stem dichotomous : 

_ leaves opposite, 3 or 5-parted, upper ones ses- 
sile : peduncles 2-flowered: petals obovate. 

columbinum (P. C.b. M. 4%.) peduncles 2-flower- 
ed, longer than the leaves : leaves 5-parted ; 
lobes many-cleft, linear: petals emarginate, of 
the length of the awned calyx : arils glabrous. 

pusilum (P.b. M. €).) peduncles 2-flowered ; 
flowers pentandrous, petals emarginate of the 
length of the awnless calyx : leaves about 7- 
lobed, 3-cleft : arils pubescent. | 

robertianum (herb robert. O. r.J. $ .) spread, hir- 
sute: leaves opposite, ternate and quinate, 3- 
cleft-pinnatifid : peduncles 2-flowered : petals 
entire, twice as long as the awned calyx : aril 
net-veined. 


GERANIUM, GERARDIA. 35% 


diessctum (C. r. J. &.) spread, hairy : leaves op- 
posite, 5-parted, lobes 3-cleft, gashed, linear : 
peduncles 2-flowered, long : petals emarginate, 
the length of the awned calyx : aril with glan- 
dular hairs. 


Geranium, see Pelargonium and Erodium. 
GERARDIA, 72, 


fava (false foxglove. O. y. Ju. %.) pubescent : 
stem simple : leaves subsessile, lanceolate, en- 
tire or toothed ; lower ones subpinnatifid, gash- 
ed : flowers axillary, opposite, subsessile, 2 or 
3 feet high. 

glauca (oak-leaf foxglove. O. y. Ju.%,) glabrous ; 
stem glaucous, purple, panicle-like ; leaves pe- 
tioled, sinuate-pinnatifid with acute lanceolate 
divisions : upper leaves lanceolate entire. First 
discovered and named by Dr. C, W. Eddy. 

G. quercifolia. Pursh. $ to 5 feet high. 

pedicularia (lousewort foxglove. N. Y. C. P. y. 
S. 8.) pubescent, brachiate-panicled : leaves 
oblong doubly gash-serrate and  pinnatifid : 
flowers axillary, opposite, pediculled : divisions 
of the calyx leafy, gash-toothed. 

- purpurea (P.Y¥.C p, Au. .@.) stem with opposite 
branches: leaves linear, slender: flowers ax- 
illary, Af sigh subsessile, 

crinita (W.A. C. p. Ju. &.) stem with opposite 

~ branches: leaves short and fleshy. Discover- 
ed by Dr. C. W. Eddy. Resembles the pur- 
purea. Var. crassifolia. Pursh. It is from 6 
to 12 inches high. 

auriculata (P. p. Au. ©.) nearly simple, rough : 

_ leaves lance-ovate, 2-eared at the base, entire : 
~ flowers axillary, ~ apt ; leaves and flowers 
closely sessile. About 8 inches high. 
tenuifolia (P. Hite % .) branch-panicled : leaves 
linear’: peduncles axillary, opposite, longer 
than the flowers. 


< 


258 GERARDIA, GEUM: 


setacea (P. Au, @.) stem very branching: leaves 
_ setaceous: branches axillary, i he the 
_ leaves, mostly 1-flowered. grt Suh eee 


GEUM, 63. ; watyyty 


virginianum (avens. O. w. Ju. 2.) pubescent : 
radical and lower cauline leaves ternate, upper 
ones lanceolate : stipules ovate, subentire : 
flowers erect: petals shorter than the calyx : 
awns hooked, naked ; at the apex twisted, 
hairy. 
strictum (upright avens. W. Can. C. y. J. 2/.) hir- 
sute : leaves all interruptedly pinnate, the odd 
one largest; leafets ovate, toothed : stipules 
gashed : divisions of the calyx 5, alternately 
finear, short : flowers erect ; petals roundish, 
longer than the calyx, awns naked, hooked. . 
agrimonoides (C. w. Ju. 2.) very hirsute: leaves 
al] pinnate ; leafets about equal, unequally 
gash-toothed : stipules ovate, subentire : flow- 
ers erect: divisions of the calyx about equal ; 
petals oval, of the length of the calyx. ‘4 
geniculatum (Can. 2.) many-fiowered, subpani- 
cled : cauline leaves subsessile, 3-parted : sti- 
pules entire : petals wedge-obcordate : awns 
all over hairy, geniculate in the middle. 
rivale (purple avens. O. p. M. %.) pubescent : 
stem simple : radical Jeaves interruptedly pin- 
nate; cauline ones. 3-cleft : flowers nodding ¢ 
petals of the length of the calyx: awns plu- 
mose, nakedish above, a little hooked. . 
aibum (P. w. Ju. 2.) pubescent : radical leaves 
pinnate; cauline ones ternate, upper ones sim- 
ple, 5-cleft : lower stipules gashed ; flowers 
erect ; petals of the length of the calyx : awns 
hooked, naked, hairy at the end. 
peckit (Whitehilis. Ju. 24.) somewhat glabrous + 
stem 1-flowered : radical leaves reniiorm, 
rounded, subtruncate at the base, gash-toothed : 


‘ 


GEUM, GLYCINE. | 259 


petioles very long, sometimes appendaged : 
. Se tale of the lengt 1 of the calyx. eam 
: by Professor Peck, of Harvard College... 


.. Giillenia, see Spiraca, 


5 iT? GLAUX;, 43. | 

maritima (sea milkwort. Can. r. Ju. 2.) leaves 
oblong, smooth : flowers axillary, sessile. In 
salt marshes. 


.. . GuEcHoma, 69. 


hederacea (ground ivy, gill-overground. O. b. & 
r. M. 2.) leaves reniform, crenate ; stem root« 
ing. 

cordaia (P.b. 2%.) leaves heart-form. 


GLEDITSCHIA, 100. 


triaeantha (honey-locust. P. w. J. bh.) thorns 
strong, cross-branched : leaves linear-oblong : 
legumes very long, compressed. A large tree. 
One side of the a at legume contains a 
sweet pulp. 


GLYCINE, 80. 


monoica (wild bean. C. P. b. & w. Ju. &.) stem 
slender, hairy backwards: leaves ternate, ovate, 
glabrous, membranaceous : cauline racemes 
pence lax, mostly bearing corols and sterile: 
racts orbicular, concave: radical peduncles 
bearing apetalous flowers, fertile. | 
angulosa (P. p. Au. €.) twining, pubescent ; lowe 
er leafets rhomboid-oval, upper ones 5-lobed : 
heads long-peduncled : legumes linear. Pha- 
seolus trilobus. Mx. 
comosa (slender bean-vine. OQ. b. Ju. 2.) stem 


260 GLYCINE, GNAPHALIUM. 


twining: leaves ternate, lance-ovate, acute, 
hirsute : lateral racemes pendant, with flowers 
crowded, all fertile. 7 PS TM 
apios (ground-nut. O. b. & p. Au. %.) twining, 
glabrous: roottuberous: leaves unequally pin- 
nate ; leafets 5 or 7, lance-ovate, upper ones 
narrow : spikes crowded, shorter than the 
eaves. Roots tuberous, farinaccous and plea: 
sant tasted. en 


GLY¥CIRRHIZA, 79. 


afficinalis (liquorice. E. %.) leaves pinnate, the 
terminal one petioled. Root tuberous-cylindric, 
swect. , 


GNAPHALIUM, $5. _ 


margaritaceum (large-flowered life-cverlasting. 
O. y. & w. Ju. Y.) leaves lanceolate, pisiduistty 
narrowing, acute: stem branching above : co- 
rymb fastigiate : flowers pedicelled. About 18 
inches high. Flowers with white mt rays 
and yellow disks. Wrongly applied in the 
Boston Florula. _ : 
polycephalum (sweet-scented life-everlasting. O. 
y-w. Ju. &.) leaves lance-linear, acute, glab- 
rous above, downy beneath: stem agent 
downy ; corymbs terminal. The heads of this 
species are more numerous than of the preced- 
ing, more close, and the flowers are smaller. 
Grows to about the same height. ~~" 
luteo-album (New-England. y. @.) leaves half- 
clasping, lance-linear, subundulate : stem elon- 
gated ; stem and leaves downy. Muhlenber. 
says, this species grows in New-England ; b 
I never found it there. - 
plantugineum (early life-everlasting. O. w. Ap. 
21.) shoots procumbent : stem simple: radical 
leaves obovate, nerved: corymb close-pressed 
flowers diocecious ; inner scales of the calyx 


GNAPHALIUM, GOMPHRENA. 261 


Ronspted, acutish, coloured. About 6 inches 
igh. 
rene (mousear. W. P. w. J. 2/.) shoots pro- 
cumbent: stem simple: radical leaves spatu- 
late: corymb close-pressed : flowers dioecious: 
inner scales of the calyx elongated, obtuse, 
coloured. Differs from the last a little in the 
forms of the radical leaves, the scales of the 
calyx and time of flowering. But perhaps it 
may be a variety of it. 
purpureum (C. P. p. Ju. 4.) leaves linear-spatu- 
late, downy beneath: stem erect, simple : flow- 
ers somnip, slamerede; terminal and axillary. 
Hardly so as the two last species. Calyx 
purple. 
americanum (P. y. Ju. @.) stem erect, branching : 
leaves obovate-spatulate, pubescent beneath 
flowers axillary and terminal, glomerate-spik- 
ed. About as tall as the last. . 
uliginosum (mud life-everlasting. O. w.Ju. G.) 
stem branched, spread, ~weidlly leaves lance- 
linear, narrowed at both ends, downy : flowers 
terminal heaped ; 4 or 5 inches long, half-pros- 
trate, calyxes brown. 
germanicum (P. w, Ju. ©.) stem erect, dichoto- 
mous: leaves lance-linear, acute, tomentose: 
flowers ina globular head, terminal and lateral. 
5 or 6 inches high. 
sylvaticum (C. y. Ju. ¥.) stem very simple, erect : 
- Jeaves narrow-lanceolate, slender at both ends 
and woolly: flowers terminal and axillary, 
sessile, spiked. 10 or 12 inches high. 


GoMPHRENA, 42, 
ig ys (globe amaranth, bachelor’s button. E. r, 


u. ©.) stem erect : leaves lance-ovate : heads 
solitary ; peduncles 2-leaved. 


262  GORDONIA, GRIMMIA. 
Gorponia, 76, Hy 


lasianthus (lolly bay. E. 8. h.) flowers long-pe- 
duncled : leaves coriaceowS, glabrous :  cap- 
sules ovate, 


Goss¥YPIuM, 77. 


herbacenm (cotton. E. Au. %.) leaves 5-lobed, 
mucronate, one gland beneath: stem herbace- 
ous, smeoth. 


GRATIOLA, 26, 


officinalis (hedge hyssop. O. y. Ju. 2%.) leaves 
broad-linear, sessile, entire, 3-nerved, punc- 
tate above: peduncles opposite, hardly so long 
as the leaves: filaments sometimes wanting 
and sometimes without anthers. In damp 
ground. G. aurea. Muhl. , 
virginica (creeping hedge-hyssop. Y. P. C. w-y. 
Ju. 7%.) leaves oblanceolate, lower ones slender, 
remotely toothed, nerved, glabrous : peduncles 
alternate, very short: capules acuminate, long- 
er than the calyx. In wet ground. | 
acuminata (P. y. Ju. 2.) leaves lanceolate, ser- 
rate, pubescent: peduncles opposite, longer 
than the leaves : leafets of the calyx linear, of 
the length of the subglobose capsule, In wet 
places. 
pubescens (C. Ju.) stem erect, with pubescent 
branches : leaves lanceolate, narrowed, anda 
little connate, at the base ; remotely tooth-ser- 
rate : leaves pf calyx unequal. In wet places. 
A new species discovered and described by 
Dr. John Torrey. : 


GrimnMta, 107, 


controversa (awl-cap moss) leaves linear-awlform 


GRIMMIA, HAMILTONTIA. ~— 268 


serrate at top, curled when dry : capsule oval, 
with the awlform cap a little curved. | 
alpicola, leaves lanceolate, obtusish, awnless : cap- 
| oe: obconic, nearly sessile: fringe not perfor- 
aied. 


GYMNOSTOMUM, 106. 


pyriforme (toothless moss.) leaves ovate, acute, 
_ spread : capsule pear-form : lid obtuse-pointed, 


Gyropuora, 115. 


anthracina, cartilage-membranous, very brit- 
tle, peltate, expanded, irregularly torn, 
blackish-grey above, sooty black and quite 
smooth beneath : buttons raised. 

vellea (morocco leather. W. N.) membranous, 
peltate with a stalk, very large, with the cir- 
cumference slightly spread-toothed ; glabrous 
above, hairy beneath with branched straitish 
fibres, brownish-grey both sides : buttons cir- 
cularly plaited. 

papillosa (shoe-leather W. H. N.) black both sides, 
papillose beneath. Very brittle when dry, and 
tough when wet. Grows on rocks, from 3 to 
6 inches diameter. 


H. 
HAMAMELIS, 36. 
“virginica (witch-hazel. O. y. Oc. » .) leaves obo- 
vate, acute, toothed, cordate with a small sinuse. 
Flowers in the fall and perfects tne fruit the 
next summer. 
HAMItTontia, 99. 


oleifera (oul-nut. P. gy. J. kh.) pubescent: leaves 


264 HAMILTONIA, HEDYSARUM. 


oblong; entire, acuminate : fiowers in terminal 
racemes. A shrub about 5 or 6 feet high. 
HEDEOMA, 60. Ape 


> 
pulegioides Spy TOyE O. b. J. ©.) pubescent : 
leaves oblong, serrate: peduncles axillary, 
whorled : lower lip of the calyx with 2 ciliate 
bristles. 5 or 6 inches high. 
glabra (C. 4.) glabrous : lower leaves oblong, 
upper ones lanceolate, remotely serrate: pe- 
duncles terminal, ternate. 


HEDERA, 42. 


helia (english ivy. E. g-w. S. h.) leaves 3 or 5- 
lobed, floral ones ovate : umbel erect. 


HEDYSARUM, 81. 


canadense (bush trefoil W. C. r. Ju. 4.) erect, 

smoothish : leaves ternate, lance-oblong : sti- 
ules filiform: flowers racemed: joints of the 

Tainetit obtusely-triangled, hispid. 

canescens (P. r-b. Au. 2.) erect, pilose: stem 
angled-ciliate, hispid: leaves ternate, round- 
ish, with close-pressed hairs beneath: stipules 
ovate, acuminate: racemes panicled: bracts 
cordate : joints of the loment triangular, his- 
rid 

‘aleUacdsiewn (C. P. p. Ju. Y.) erect, branching, 
pilose : leaves ternate, oblong, villose beneath : 
stipules subulate: racemes panicled: loment 
8-jointed ; the joints rhomboid, reticulate, a 
little hairy. Flowers large. 

obtiusum (C. P. p. & g. Au. Y.) erect, pubescent : 
leaves ternate, ovate, obtuse, subcordate at the 
base : stipules lance-subulate : panicle termi- 
nal : joints of the loment suborbiculate, reticu- 
late, hispid : loments rough, joints oval. 


°° °HEDYSARUM, “" OO 968: 


viridiflorum (W. ©. P. Y. g. & p. Au. 2.) erect, 
branching, pubescent : leaves ternate, ovate-ob- 
long, scabrous beneath: stipules lance-cuspi- 
date : racemes panicled, bracted. About 3 
_ feet high. Flowers become greenish when old. 
glabellum (C. p. Ju. 4.) erect, glabrous : leaves 
ternate, ovate, obtuse, subglaucous beneath : 
‘stipules small, subulate : panicle terminal : 
joints of the loment rhomb-triangular. 
ciltare (W. P. p. Au. 2.) erect, a little glabrous : 
- Jeaves ternate, ovate, pubescent beneath, mar- 
gin ciliate : stipules filiform: panicle terminal : 
joints of the loment (2 or 3) half-orbicular, his- 


id. 

daiealisturn (C. A. P. p. Au. ¥.) erect glabrous : 
leaves ternate, lance-oblong or oval, glabrous : 
stipules subulate: panicle terminal : joints of 
the loment (4) rhomboid, pubescent. 

rotundifolium (Y. C. P. p. Au. 2.) prostrate, hir- 

- gute : leaves ternate, orbicular, pilose both 
sides : stipules round-cordate, refiexed: ra- 
cemes axillary and in the terminal panicles 
few-flowered : bracts cordate : joints of the lo- 
ment sub-rhombic, reticulate scabrous. 

bracteosum (P. r. Au. 2.) erect, glabrous : leaves 
ternate, oblong-oval, acuminate: stipules sub- 
ulate : racemes terminal with scattered flow- 
ers : bracts ovate, acuminate, striate, gla- 
east joints of the loment sub-oval. Flowers 
arge. 

cuspidatum (P.p. Au. 11.) erect, glabrous: leaves 

- ternate, petioled, ovate-oblong, long-acumi- 
nate, glabrous, margin scabrous : stipules 
lance-ovate : panicle terminal : joints of the 
Joment triangular, reticulate, glabrous, at the 
margin pubescent. . 

slutinosum (O.-/p. Ju. 2.) erect, simple: leaves 
long- etio ed, ternate, round-ovate, acuminate: 
panicle scape-like, proceeding from one side of 
the base of the stem : aga es with glutinous 


366, HEDYSARUM, HELIANTHUS. 


hairs : joints of the 
alittle glabrous. Hay ' 

nudiflorum (C, p. Ju. I.) erect, simple, glabrous : 
leaves ternate, broad-oval, acuminate.: scape 
panicled, glabrous, radical : stem bearing 
leaves higher : joints of the loment round-tri- 
angular, somewhat glabrous. 

acuminatum (O.p. Ju. 2.) erect, simple, pubes- 
cent, leafy at the summit: leaves ternate, ovate, 
long-acuminate, with scattered hairs, on both 
sides close-pressed, long-petioled ; the odd leaf- 
et round-rhomboid : panicle long-peduncled, 
terminal. 

repens (P. p. Au. 2/.) leaves round-oval, emargi- 
nate : racemes axillary: loments repand-tooth- 
ed ; stem creeping. 

prostratum (P. p. Au. 2.) prostrate: leaves pe- 
tioled ; leafets oval, obtuse, thin hairs under- 
side close-pressed : branches axillary, longer 
than the leaves : loments ovate pubescent. Les- 
pedeza prostrata. Pursh. | 

strictum (C. p. Ju. 2.) stiffly erect, glabrous, 
simple: leaves petioled, ternate, linear-oval, 
glabrous. net-veined, glaucous beneath : sti- 
pules subulate : panicle terminal, peduncled, 
few-flowered. 


loment oblong-triangular “* 


Hedysarum, see Lespedeza. 
HELENIUM, 87. 


autumnale (false sunflower. P. y. Oc. 2£.) leaves 
lanceolate, serrate, subdecurrent: stem co- 
rymbed above: disk florets 5-cleft ; rays flat, 
reflexed. 


HELIANTHUS, 87. . 
1. Leaves opposite. ait 


gunuus (common sunflower. South America. y- 
& w. Ju. &.) leaves all cordate, 3-nerved : pe- 


-) OO oRETANTHUS! 00-36? 


* dunclés thickened: flowers nodding. Flowers 
very lar _ | 
pubescens (P. -y. Au. 3.) white-pubescent: stem 
villose : leaves sessile, heart-ovate, clasping, 
> S-ner'ved, close-pressed subserrate : scales of 
- the calyx lanceolate villose. | 
‘atrorubens (P. y. & p. Au. 2%.) hispid : stem na- 
. kedish above, lax-panicled, leaves spatulate, 
- ovate, crenate, 3-nerved, scabrous : scales of 
‘the calyx lance-ovate, of the length of the disk. 
‘trachelifolius (C.P. Can. y. Au. 2/.) leaves lance- 
- ovate, acuminate, serrate, 3-nerved, very rough 
-- both sides : scales of the calyx lance-linear, 
ciliate, outer ones longest. About 3 feet high. 
-divaricatus (C. P. Can. y. Au. Y%.)stem glabrous, 
very branching : leaves nearly pepe? ‘ses- 
_ sile, lance-ovate, 3-nerved : panicle trichoto- 
mous, slender, few-flowered. 5 or 6 feet high. 
-frondosus (C. P. Can. y. Ju. ¥.) stem glabrous 
‘below : leaves ovate, sharply-serrate : pedun- 
cles scabrous : calyx squarrose, undulate, leafy, 
ciliate: rays 8-flowered. 4 feet high. 


2. Upper leaves alternate. 


miultiflorus (P. y. Au. 4.) leaves 3-nerved, sca- 
‘brous ; lower ones cordate, upper ones ovate : 
ray many-flowered : scales of the calyx Jan- 
ceolate. 
macrophylius-(P.-y. Au. 4.) leaves ovate, acumi- 
nate, 5-nerved, serrate ; scabrous above, whiter 
pubescent beneath : scales of the ‘calyx linear, 
-. squarrose. 
tuberosus (jerusalem artichoke. E. y. 8. 2{.) leaves 
3-nerved, scabrous, lower ones heart-ovate, 
upper ones ovate, acuminate ; petioles ciliate. 
t tuberous. Naturalized. 
strumosus (New England. 1.) leaves ovate, acu- 
-‘minate, serrate, S-nerved, scabrous beneath : 
_ scales of the calyx lance-linear, ciliate at the 


base. sym. | | 
altissimus (C.P.y. Au. Y.) leaves alternate, lance- 


268 HELIANTHUS, HELLEBORUS. 


evate, serrate, scabrous, 3-nerved, slender at 
the apex, with ciliate petioles: scales of the ca- 
lyx lanceolate, ciliate. Chaff on the recepta- 
cle green, stem purple @® =. 
giganteus (Can. P. y. Au. 2.) leaves alternate, 
lanceolate, serrate, scabrous, obsoletely 3-nerv- | 
ed, tapering to both ends, subsessile, -viliate at 
the base : scales of the calyx lanceolate, ciliate, 
Talland rough. Chaff onthe receptacle black. 
decapetalus (O. y. Au. 24.) leaves ovate, acumi- 
nate, remotely serrate, S-nerved, scabrous: | 
scales of the calyx lanceolate, subequal, subci- | 
Hate : rays ten or twelve. Three or four feet 
igh. | 
mollis (P.y. Ju. 2.) leaves ovate acuminate, 3- 
nerved, with close-pressed serratures scabrous — 
above, white-pubescent beneath very soft : scales 
of the calyx lanceolate, close-pressed. . 
angustifolius Se y. S. 24.) stem slender, about 1- 
_ flowered : leaves linear, with a revolute mar- 
gin, very rough. Rays yellow, disk brown, 


HeEttopsis, 86, 

laevis (ox-eye. P. Au. %.) leaves opposite, ovate, 
serrate, 3-nerved. ‘Tall, resembling the sun- 
flowers. 

HELIOTROPIUM, 37. 

indicum (turnsole. Southern states. b. Ju. @.) 
leaves heart-ovate, acute, roughish : spikes so- 
litary : fruit bifid. | 

| HeLLexrorvs, 66, 

foetidus (hellebore. E.) stem many-flowered, 
leafy: leaves pedate, remotely serrate, coria- 
ceous: corol somewhat converging. 


Helleborus, see Coptis. 


| j-aythe? 


. WELONIAS, HEPATICA. 269 
i Rehwhhy hoe HELONTAS, 52. 


Tatifolia (helonias. C. P. p. M. 21.) scape almost 

 Jeafless : spike ovate crowded: bract lance- 

_. linear, mucronate, nerved. Anthers blue. 

‘ erythrosperma (P. w. & g. J. Y.) scape leafy : ra- 
Renee oblong: bracts short, oblong : leaves 
glabrous, lance-linear : seed ovate, reddish : 

' pericarp legumelike, fleshy. 

asphodeloides (C. w. J. 22.) scape leafy : raceme 

blong, crowded : bracts setaccous : filamens 
¥ aakies at the base, equalling the corol : leaves 

__ subulate-setaceous. _ *y 

dioica (P. w. Ju. 2{.) scape leafy : raceme spiked, 

a ROMeing : pedicels short, sub-bracted : fila- 

.. ments longer than the corel : petals linear ; 

_ leaves lance-oblong. 


) 


if HeLVELLA, 118, 


fuliginosa (smoky fungus. A.) inflated, angular, 
p aited, blackish or dark coloured: stem tubu- 
ar, greyish, furrowed. 
gelatinosa, convex, brown-yellow, deflected, plait- 
ed : stem tubular, brownish-yellow. 
Jjibuliformis, ochre above, blackish beneath : stem 
_ short dark brown. 
calyciformis, ochre, glabrous, granular-surfy be- 
neath; stem shortflesh-colour, granular-scurfy, 


HEMEROCALLIS, 50. 


(.7> 01 .d-.ecigie 

flava (yellow day-lily. E. y. Ju. ¥.) leaves broad- 
linear, keeled : petals flat, acute ; nerves of 
the petals undivided. 

fulvca (tawny day-lily. E, y. Ju. Y ) leaves linear- 
lanceolate, keeled : three imuer petals. obtuse, 

_ undulate ; nerves of the outer petals branching. 


eV 


, ivy eT i 


_. Heparica, 66. 
triloba (liverleaf. O. a & b. Ap. #.) leaves 3 
: ; < 2 .* 


270 HEPATICA, HEUCHERA. 


lobed, entire, obtuse: calyx leaves broad-ovaie, — 
obtuse. Var. acuta, leaves 3 to 5-lobed, acute: 
calyx leaves acute. Perhaps this variety ought 
to constitute a distinct species. It has been ob- 
served by Professor Dewey, that near Williams | 
College, all the plants of this species growing | 
on the north sides of hills are of the variety — 


HeERAcLEUM, 45. 


lanatum (O. w. Ju. 2.) petioles and nerves of the. 

leaves very villose beneath: leafets petioled, 

broad, round-cordate, subpalmate-lobed : seed 

orbicular. A large umbeiliferous plant of a 
white woolly appearance. Grows plentifully in 
meadows east of Williams College. igs? 

| eivtedting 

HeEsPeRIs, 74. vo 


iristis (yellow rocket. E. %.) stem hispid ; 
branches spreading: leaves lance-ovate: silique 
sword-form. i) 

mnatronalis (garden rocket, dame violet. E. 2.) 
stem simple, erect: leaves lance-ovate, denti- 
culate : petals emarginate, mucronate. Var. 
hortensis, flowers double, odoriferous, white. 

pinnatifida (wild rocket. P. J. &-) leaves sharply 
serrate ; upper ones lanceolate, lower ones pin- 
natifid : silique sub-peduncled, shortish. - 


HETERANTHERA, 28. a 


geniformis, .(odd-shives. P. w. Ju. 2.) leaves 
round-reniform, acute : spathe sub-3-lobed, 
glabrous. Leaves floating. (oem) 
J : ot) bee 

| Hevewera, 44. 0 045 


yiscida (allum root. C. P. r. Jus 2f2).wiseid-pu- 
escent.; scape and leaves roughish: leaves 


. HEUCHERA, HIBISCUS. 271 


. tnoderately round-lobed, with dilated obtuse 
-. Maucronate teeth: peduncles of the panicle very 
+ dichotomous, spread : calyx short, obtuse. H. 
- americana. 
» pubescens (P.r. & y. J...) dusty-pubescent : sca 
glabrous below : leaves sub-acute-lobed, tooth- 
_ ed, glabrous beneath : peduncles of the panicle 
short, with crowded flowers : calyx large, bell- 
form ; petals longer than the calyx, large, 


Hizgiscus, 77. 


Moscheutus (marsh mallow. C. w. & p. Au. Yf.} 
'.» leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, sub-S-lobed, 
sub-5-nerved, white-downy beneath : pedun- 
cles flower-bearing, calyx downy : capsules 
labrous. 
palustris (marsh hibiscus. C. P. p. Au. 2.) 
leaves broad-oval, obtusely serrate, sub-3-lob- 
ed, 3-nerved, downy beneath : peduncles axil- 
ary, longer than the petiole. 
siparius (P. p. Au. 4 ) very glabrous: leaves 3- 
lobed-hastate, acuminate, serrate: corol tubu- 
lar-bellform : capsules ovate, acuminate, glab- 
—rous : seeds silky. 
syriacus (syrian mallow. E.w.&p. Au. k .) leaves 
wedge-ovate, 3-lobed, toothed : outer calyx 
about 8-leaved, of the length of the inner : stem 
woody. A shrub 4 to 6 feet high. 

- esculentus (okra. E. @.) leaves heart-5-lobed, ob- 
tusish, toothed: petiole longer than the flow- 
er: outer calyx about 5-leaved, deciduous, 
bursting lengthwise. 

virginicus (sweat weed. C. P. r. Au. 2,.)- downy, 
rough ; leaves acuminate, unequally toothed ; 
lower ones cordate, undivided, upper ones cor- 
date, undivided, upper ones cordate-oblong, 3- 
lobed : peduncles axillary and in terminal ra- 
cemes ; flowers nodding: pistils nodding, In 
_. galt marshes, sy iv) saaivele 


272 HIBISCUS, HIERACIUM. 


trionum (bladder ketmia, flower of an hour. B. 
}.) outer calyx many-leaved, inner one inflat- 
ed : capsule membranaceous : leaves toothed, 
upper ones 3-parted. et ee 

shih 


Hreracium, 82. 


urantiacum (orange hawkweed. ren" %.) scape 
leafy, hispid : flowers corymbed, peduncles 
Sy ma : leaves oblong, acutish, pilose-his- 
pid. 

venosum (vein-leaf hawkweed. O. y. Ju. Y.) scape 
naked, corymb-panicled, glabrous ; pedicels 
filiform: leaves Jance-obovate with thin hairs 
above and naked beneath, margin ciliate, glan- 
dular-toothed, veins coloured: calyx glabreus. 

gronovii (C. P. Ju. 2.) scape somewhat leafy, 

- or naked, corymb-panicled : calyx. pubes- 
cent : radical leaves entire, obovate, ubtuse, 
ciliate. 

paniculatum (O. y. Ju. 1.) very glabrous : stem 

— erect, leafy, panicled, white-woolly beneath : 
pedicels capillary: leaves lanceolate, naked, 
toothed, membranaceous. iar ie 

marianum (C. W. N. y- Ju. 21.) stem erect, vil- 
lose : leaves oval-obovate, strigose, villose on 
the keel, lower ones subdentate : peduncles 
and calyxes downy. Resembles the H. gro- 
novi. | rin 4 nt 

kalmii (P. y. Au. 4%.) stem erect, many-flower- 
ed, glabrous: leaves subsessile, lanceolate, 
acuminate, sharply toothed outside: peduncles 
cauline, near the top of the stem alternate, 
about 1-flowered, downy. 

virgatum (W. N. Ju. 24.) stem erect, simple, vil- 
lose : leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute, glabrous, 
pilose beneath, sharply repand-toothed at the 
margin, entire towards the apex : panicle sub- 
corymbed : calyx and peduncle tomentose. | 

scabrum (VP. y. Au, #4.) very hirsute: stem erect, 


HIERACIUM, HOLOSTEUM. 273 


‘leafy, hispid, scabrous with tawny dots ; leaves 
oblong-ovate, entire, hirsute both sides : pani- 

ge aippunple, many-flowered : calyx and pan- 
icle glandular-hispid : pedicels short, divari- 
eate. From 5S to 5 feet high. 


HipporpHak, 98. 


canadensis (sea buckthorn. C. M...) leaves 
ovate. acutish, alittle glabrous above, silver- 
haired and brilliant beneath ; scales scattered 
ferruginous, _ 


Hipruris, 25, 


vulgaris (mares tail. P. W. C. y-g. M. 21) leaves 
mostly in sixes, linear. In waiter, 


Hotcus, 33. 


lanatus (soft grass. P. C. J. 2.) glumes 2-flow- 
ered, the perfect flower awnless, the stamin- 
ate one awned, recurved, flower much shorter. 

ddoratus (C..P. Ju. 24.) panicle spreading : glumes 

» 3-flowered, awnless ; florets crowded; perfect 
one in the middle, diandrous, glabrous ; stam- 
inate one triandrous. 

monticola (Whitehills. Ju.) glumes 3-flowered, 

_ intermediate one diandrous, perfect; lateral 
ones staminate, triandrous : outer valve awn- 
ed upon the back. A new species discovered 

_ by Dr. Bigelow, 


HotostTEevM, 33. 


succulentum (succulent chickweed. C.) leaves oval, 
fleshy : petals subtrifid, smaller than the calyx. 
Pursh doubts the existence of this plant in 
_ America. | | 


274 “HORDEUM, WODSONTAL 


Horpevum, 30. 


‘eulgare (harley, E. Ju. ©. ) iotets all perfect, 
-awned ;‘in'two erect rows.* 

jubatum (New -England. Ju. $ .) awns-and invo- 
lucres setaceous, very long. 


‘Horrensia, 59. 


speciosa (changeable hydrangea, r. 6 w. J. 4.) 
leayes broadly ovate, serrate, acuminate; flow- 
ers corymbed. From the East Indies. This 
is the common flower-pot sa, usually called 
hyderindia, 


Horronta, 58. 


i. ub 


palustris (water violet. C. Ju. Y.)* iAsweriseMbrl- 
ed, subsessile : stem geniculate, with inflated 
joints. In stagnant waters. 


Hovstonra, 34. 


coerulea (Venus’ pride. O. b. & w. M. ¥.) ‘stem 
erect, setaceous, dichotomous; radical leaves 
spatulate ; cauline ones oblanceolate, opposite : 
peduncles puta, elongated, 

purpurea (C. P. p. Ju. 2.) stem-erect, branch- 
ing above, Satblen ink at the knee joints : leaves 
sessile, ovate, lanceolate or ‘ lance-linear : fas- 
cicles terminal. corymbed. . 

longifolia, (P. p. Ju. 2%.) stem erect, very’ branch- 
ing, glabrous: leaves linear: flowers. ter- 
minal, fascicled, subsessile, often ternate,. 


Hvpsoxra, 60. | 
ericoides (false. heath.C. y. J. bh.) Ieaves: inn. 


subulate, hirsute : peduncles ml , 
About 6 inches high.; © 4 polity 


HUMULUS; UYDNUM, 275 
Humutus, 99. 


lupulus (hop..O. g-y. Au. Y.) stem. twining with 
the hint Waves Tobed. This plant is walled 
an exotic by some, botanists. Ishould judge, 
from the wild state in which T have scen it, that 
if it is exotic, it was introduced by the Indians: 
along with the oaks, pines and maples. 


Iyacinruu s, 50. 


orientalis (garden hyacinth. E. r. Ap. %.) corol 
funnel-form, half-6-cleft, ventricose at the base. 

muscari (musk hyacinth. E. b. Ap. 2%.) corols 
ovate, all equal. 

bgp <i (grape hyacinth. E. b. Ap. 2/.) corols 
globose, uniform: leaves cylindric, channelled, 
strait. , 

comosus (purple grape hyacinth. E. p.) corol angu- 
Jar-cylindric ; at the summit sterile, long-pe- 
duncled, erect. 


- Hypnvum, 117. 


imbricatum (prickly fungus) on a stem, imbricate, 
convex, red-brown with darker scales : stem 
pale-brown or brownish-white. AOL 
repandum, convex, lobed, cinnamon: prickles 
oblique, soft, cinnamon: stem round. 
coralloides,. whitish, much-branched : branches, 
compressed, deflected at the ends : prickles in- 
_, curved ; on a stem. | 
minimum, roundish, leathery or woody, stemless: 
prickles soft, pale to strong golden, becoming 
grey. | | 
chrysorhixwm (paper punk.) yellow, membrana- 
ceous, stemless, spread: root golden-yellow, 
filiform, with intersecting branches ; extend- 
ing far. ane the grains of decaying wood. 
- The root of this fungus has been often noticed 


976. HYDNUM, HYDROCOTYEE. _ 


several yards in. length; but ate .J. Torrey, of 

New-York, was the first; T believe, who traced 

it to the pileus, and proved it a Nyaa. ia wig ieee 
‘as, 


- Hypranera, 83. aE " 


oul piees (nfavativea: P.w. Au. k ey sblene- 
ovate, obtuse at the base, acuminate, toothed, 
glabrous beneath : cymes naked. A shrub 
about 5 fect high. 

nivea (P.w. Ju. kh.) leaves ovate, acuminate, 
toothed, snow-white down beneath, eureountial 
mucronate : cymes radiate. 

ot Sits 
Hydrangea, see Hortenitin. . 
HyprastTis, 66. 9 © anne ants 

canadensis (orange root. P. wer. Ap. Uw.) stem 
with 2 opposite leaves above ; leaves petioled, 
emarginate at the base, palmate, serrate, gash- 
ei: peduncle terminal, ars eet 4 1 punroee 
Roots yellow. . ~ 


. Hyprocoryies45.)\“)) Gernot 


umbellata (water navelwort. P. M. 2.) leaves pel- 
tate, crenate, at the base emarginate : tins 
peduncled, many-fiowered. 

americana (O. g-w. J. U4.) glabrous, fiberous: 
leaves subpeltate, orbicular, doubly-crenate : 
subumbelled glomerules few-flowered. Flow vere 
very small. Plant low and stibprostiate, , 

culgaris (P.g-w. J. Y.) leaves orbicular, pel 

slightly crenate: scape interruptedly ela 

rey fiowered. 

bipinnata (bulbous pennywort. P. g-w. Ap. %.) 
rou} pulbouse stem simple, 2-leaved, ateral 
eaf S-parted ; divisions sub innate, leafets 
vided qa one sub- Shiternate umbe ister 
minal, 3 to 6-flowered. Anthers dark purple 


». 


HYDROPELTIS, HYPERICUM. 277 
: " Hyprorettis, 66. 


purpurea (water shield. H.C. Chatham, (New- 
York,) Plainfield,( Mass.) P. p. Au. 2/.) leaves 
peltate, oval, entire : peduncles solitary, 1-flow- 
ered. ‘The leaves float on the surface of water, 
having a long flexible petiole. Plant mostly 
covered with mucilage. 


HyprorpnHyLium, 37. 


appendiculatum (waterleaf. P. b. M. 2.) very 
iirsute : radical leaves subpinnatifid, cauline 
one lobe-angled: sinuses of the calyx appen- 
daged: the fasicles of flowers subpanicled. 
Calyx very hispid. 

virginicum (burr-fiower. W. P. b. J. 2.) glabrous : 
leaves pinnate and pinnatifid, divisions lance- 
oval, gash-serrate : fascicles of the flowers con- 
glomerate. The flowers have the appearance 
of a burr several weeks before they expand. 

canadense (rough burr-flower. W. P. p. k w. Ju. 
u.) hirsute : leaves lobe-angled : fascicles of 
the flowers crowded. Resembles jthe last in 
some respects ; but the leaves are much larger. 


Hyoscyamus, 39. 


niger (henbane. E. Ju. %.) leaves clasping sinu 
ate ; flowers veiny, sessile. 
Hyoserts, 82. 


amplexicaulis (P. C. W. y. J.) radical leaves 
sublyrate, cauline ones clasping, lanceolate, 
entire. H. prenanthoides. 


Hypericum, 65. 
1. Flowers with 5 styles) 


aseyroides {St. John’s wort. A. W. P. C.y. Ju. UY. 
herbaceous, glabrous oe supple ae 
y 


. + 


27 Bix HYPERICUM. 


_ed: leaves sessile, oblong, acute, glabrous: ~ 
-flowers terminal ; styles of the length of the 
stamens : leafets of the calyx lance-ovate.. 
Flowers very large. o , 

pyranidatum (Can. Ju. %.) herbaceous, erect : 
stem about 4-angled, branching: leaves sessile, 
oblong, acute, glabrous: flowers terminal : 
styles shorter than the stamens : leafets of the 
calyx ovate, acute. 

flatum (P. Ju. 2%. or kh.) branches 2-edged : 
leaves oval-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, narrow- 
ed at the base, flowers terminal, subsolitary 
leafets of the calyx oblong, acute: styles co- 
adunate, nearly equalling the calyx, corol and 
stamens. 

prolificum (Y. P. J. a. or bh.) branches 2-edged: 
leaves lance-linear, obtusish : corymbs axil- 
lary and terminal, few-flowered : flowers at 
first sessile ; stamens and styles of the length 
of the petals : leafets of the calyx lanceolate. 


2. Flowers with 3 styles. 


angulosum (C. P. y-r. Ju. Y.) erect : stem 4-sid- 
ed: leaves oblong, acute, closely sessile: pani- 
cle terminal, dichotomous: branches divari- 
cate, with distant, alternate flowers; calyx 
subcampanulate, divisions lanceolate, acute, 
keeled below, almost as long as the corol : pe- 

- tals with a single lateral tooth. 

cunadense (N. C. W.P. Ju. €.) erect, small flow- 
ered: stem 4-sided, dichotomous above : leaves 
sessile, linear, slender at the base : the branch- 
es of the panicle opposite, the branchlets dicho- 
tomous: capsules long, conic, coloured. Cap- 
sules red. 

virginicum (C. N. P. Y. p. Au. %.) flowers with 
9 or 12 stamens, distinctly arranged in three 
parcels and separated by nectaries: leaves 
oval, obtuse, clasping : stem compressed. Ele- 
dea campanulata. Pursh. ie 


= . 4 a 
HYPERICUM, HYPNUM, 979 


‘parviflorum (0. y. Ju. 4.) erect, small glabrous 5 
dichotomous-ramose, somewhat 4-sided : leaves 
ovate-oblong, subcordate, obtuse, nerved, ses- 
sile : panicles terminal, dichotomous-corymbed ; 

tals shorter than the lanceolate calyx. 
corymbosum (A. C. y. Ju. 2%.) erect, glabrous, 
arkly-punctate : stem terete, branching : 
leaves clasping, oblong-oval, obtuse : corymbs 
terminal brachiate, dense-flowered ; divisions 
of the calyx lanceclate, acute. 
perforatum (O. y. J. %.) erect, branching : stem 
2-edged : leaves oblong, obtuse, transparently- 
punctate : panicle terminal, brachiate, leafy : 
tals twice as long as the acute lanceolate ca- 
yx. Thisis the common St. John’s wort, sp 
troublesome to farmers. 


Hypnum, 108. 
: a 
1. Capsules drooping : leaves 2-roweil. 


denticulatum (sleeping moss.) leaves ovate, point- 
ed, nerviess, entire, close: capsule oblong, 
lid conic. 

serrulatum, creeping, much branched: leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrate, 1-nerved at 
bottom, crowded, spread : lid awlform. 

riparium, branched, spread : leaves ovate, point- 
ed, entire, l-nerved, rather remote : lid conic. 


_2. Capsules drooping : leaves imbricate every way. 


‘splendens, doubly pinnate: leaves lance-ovate, 

- pointed, concave, nerviess,close-pressed : cap- 
sule ovate, lid curved. 

delicatulum, procumbent, doubly-pinnate : leaves 
heart-lanceolate, pointed, 3-nerved : lid awl- 
form : teeth of inner fringe imperforate. 

abietinum, pinnate, compressed, villous ; leaves 
hearted, pointed, entire ; 3-stria ressed, 
lid conic. : 3 


es 


280 HYPNUM. © 


_adnatum, creeping, with nearly simple branches : 
leaves oblong-lanceolate, ‘ concave, _ entire, 
nerveless, lid conic. Wy oles 

intricatum, creeping: leaves#Jinear-lanceolate, 
pointed, serrate, 1-nerved at bottom : capsule 
ovate : lid conic. , > 

Serpens (WW. M.) creeping : leaves lance-ovate, 
pointed, entire, 1-nerved at bottom :. capsule 
cylindric : lid bossed. 

Jilamentosum, branches numerous, literwoven : 
leaves ovate, entire, 1-nerved, appressed, cap- 
sule ovate : lid conic. 

futescens, procumbent, much branched : leaves 
lance-pointed, S-nerved, entire : capsule cylin- 
dric: lid conic, pointed. _ 

Mecebrum, with scattered obtuse branches : leaves 
ovate-oval, concave, obtuse with a point, cbso- 
letely 1-nerved. 

cuspidatum, pinnate, cuspidate: leaves oblong- 
ovate, cudpidate, entire, nerveless : lid conic, 
acute. 


3. Capsule drooping: leaves spreading every way. 


spiniforme (W.M.) erect, simple: leaves linear 
awlform, serrulate, ending in a bristle : capsule 

_ ovate: lid oblique. 

> ‘striatum, much branched: leaves ovate-deltoid, 

acute nearly entire, striate below: lid awlform, 
curved. $5 eps 

stellatum, erect, branched : leaves ovate lanceo- 
late, pointed, nerveless, entire : capsule cylin- 
dric : lid conic. 

squerrosum, irregularly pinnate : leaves heart- 
ovate, pointed, entire, nervless, incurved, keel- 
ed : lid conic. | 

4. Capsules dreoping : leaves falcate, pointing one 

way. 


cupressiforme, prostrate, pinnate : leaves ovate- 
awlform, concave, nerveless, close imbricate : 
lidc 


- HYPNUM, HYSSOPUS. ash 


commutatum, procumbent, pinnate: leaves ovate- 
awlform, tortile, 1-nerved at bottom : capsule 
oblong, lid conic. 

molluscum, : ancy etna close pinnate: leaves: 
oyate-awlform, close imbricate, nerveless : cape 
sule ovate, lid conic. 


Hypoxts, 49. 


erecta (star-grass. Y. H.C. A. P. N. y. Ju. Y.) 
ilose; scape 2 or 3-flowered : leaves lance-. 
inear : divisions of the corol lance-oblong. ~ 

graminea (C. Ju. 21.) pilose: scape 4-flowered ¢ 

leaves long, grassy: divisions of the coro! 
lance-linear. 


Hyssoprus, 68. 


officinalis (hyssop. E. Ju. 2.) flowers whorleda 
racemes one-way : intermediate division of the 

corol 2-lobed, entire : Eas jets alee yo 4 
nepetoides (giant hyssop. P. W. g-y. Ju. 2.) spikesy 

Tenorleds lind PiGhis shorter than the co-. 
rol: leaves subcordate, ovate, acuminate, acute- 
ly toothed. Near Williams College and in 

Pownal it grows from 4 to 7 feet high. 
serophularifolius (P.p. Ju. 2.) spikes whorleds . 

cylindric : styles longer than the corol : leaves 
heart-ovate, acuminate, obtusely toothed. Abouf, 

2 feet high. 

‘These two species seem to be the same. Tha 
“species at Williamstown has the styles much lon- 
ger than the corol ; while its size, colour of the 
a and the other characters, make it the nepeg, 

oides. | 


932  IBERIS, IMPATIENS. 
L 
Tperis, 745 


awmbellata (candy tuft. KE. w. Ju. @.) leaves lan- 
ceolate, acuminate ; lower ones serrate, upper 
ones entire. 


ILEX, 36. 


canadensis (mountain holly. W. Y. H. Catskill 
Mt. g-y. M. hk.) leaves deciduous, ovate, en- 
tire or a little serrate at the apex, glabrous : 
peduncles subsolitary, long, i-flowered : fruit 
somewhat 4-sided. A shrub S$ to 5 feet high. 
Grows on the mountain northeast of Williams 
College. 

#paca (evergreen holly. Y. C. H. P. g-w. M. hk.) 
leaves evergreen, ovate, acute, spinose, gla- 


brous, fiat : flowers scattered at the base of the — 


shoots of the preceding year. A middle size 
tree. 
faxiflora (Connecticut? g-w. J. kh.) leaves ovate, 
sinuate-toothed, spinose, shining, flat : pedun- 
€les above the axils on the younger branches. 
An evergreen shrub. Berries yellowish red, 
I do not know that this grows in Connecticut. 
Isaw the dried leaves only of a shrub from 
the southwest part of that state, which agreed 
avith the above description. | : 


ILLECEBRUM, 42. 


€apitatum (head knotgrass. E. Y.) bracts shin- a 


ing, hidden under the terminal head: leaves 
ciliate, villose beneath. 


: IMPATIENS, 42. ‘ 
alsamina (balsam weed. E. y. Au. @-) pe- 
duncles aggregate, 1-flowered : leaves lanceo- 


IMPATIENS, INULA. 28S 


late, upper ones alternate: nectary shorter 
than the flowers. 

nolitangere (jewel-weed, touch-me-not. O. y- Ju. 
©.) peduncles many flowered, solitary : leaves 

- ovate, obtusely toothed : joints of the stem tu- 
mid. 

biflora’ Se gag jewels. W. Pry. & r. Ju. &.) 
peduncles mostiy 2-flowered, solitary : leaves 
ovate, sharply toothed. Is not this a variety of 
the last ? 


IMPERATORIA, 46, 


ostruthium (masterwort. N. 2/,) leaves ternate; 
broadish, serrate. This plant grows wild 
about Northampton, and there appears no ev- 
dence of its being of exotic origin. 


INDIGOFERA, 79. 


linctoria (indigo. E. %.) leaves pinnate, oblong, 
glabrous, in four pairs: racemes shorter than | 
the leaves : legumes terete, somewhat arched! 
From the East Indies. 


jelenium (elecampane. O. y. Au. 2.) leaves 

- clasping, ovate, rugose, tomentose beneath : 
scales of the calyx ovate. 

jalcata (C. y. S. 2.) woolly : leaves sessile, li- 
near, very acute : subfalcate, nerves hairy both 
sides : peduncles few, axillary, corymbed : ca- 
lyx and peduncle villose. 5 or 6 inches high. 

mariana (©. y. Au. 2.) villose: leaves sessile, 
lance-oblong, tapering to the base, obtuse, 
glandular-toothed, lower ones petioled, serrate: 
peduncles axillary, corymbed, glandular-hairy, 
About 12 or 14 inches high. | 

argenica (P. y. 2.) silky : jeaiveb lanceolate, 3- 


284. INULA, IRIS... 


nerved, erect, zigzag ; corymb subcompound, » 
erect: scales of the calyx flat, pubescent. — 


TromAra, 39° 


quamoclit (jasmine bindweed. P. r. w. Au. @.) 
leaves pinnatifid linear ; flowers subsolitary ; 
corol subtubular. oe tee 

coccinea (Southern states. y-r. Ju. €.) pubescent :- 
leaves cordate, acuminate, subangled : pedun- 
cles about 5-flowered : calyx awned : corol tu- 
bular : limb subentire. 

lacunosa (P. w. & p. J. &.) glabrous : flowers 
cordate, acuminate, scrobiculate, angled at the 
base : peduncles short, about 1-flowered : ca- 
lyx hairy : corol tubular, short : capsules hai- 


pas 

pane HORE (Southern states. w. Ju. ©.) very glab-. 
rous : leaves cordate, entire or angled : pedun- 
cle 1 to 3-flowered : calyx awned: corol un- 
divided, tube long. , 

nil (common morning-glory. P. b. Ju. ©.) hirsute : 
leaves ventricose 3-lobed : peduncles short, lor | 
2-flowered: bracts subulate ; calyx very vil-. 
lose, long-acuminate. | in 

purpurea (EK. J. ©.) pubescent : leaves cordate, 
entire : peduncles 2 to 5-flowered: pedicels 
nodding, thickened: divisions of the calyx 
lanceolate : capsules glabrous, | , 


Ints, 28. 


pumila (dwarf flower-de-luce. E. b, M. 2%.) 
bearded : scape 1-flowered: leaves ensiform, 
glabrous : tube of the corol exsert : petals eb- 
long, obtuse. phe ies 

prismatica (New-Jersey. p. Ju. 2.) beardless : 
stem solid, terete, equalling the leaves : leaves. 
very narrow, long : capsules loppatel, Ie: 
tic, acute at both ends. , re > i 


RIS, ISATIS. 285 


erisiata (ladies’ flag. Southern states. b. M. 2.) 
flowers with bearded crests: stem very short, 
compressed, about 1-flowered: leaves sword- 
form, of the lengthof the flower : divisions of 
the corol equal. 

virginica (wild flag, wild iris. O.b. p. y. J. Y.) 
beardless : stem 2-edged, many-flowered, tall- 
er than the ensiform leaves: stigmas shorter 
than the inner petals : capsules oblong, with fur- 
rowed angles. 

gracilis (Boston iris. Y. H. C. b. & y. J. 4.) pe- 
tals beardless, inner ones erect : leaves linear, 
flat: germ triangular, with 2 grooves on each 
side. Bigelow. I found this species in great 
plenty at New-Haven, ina meadow near the 
north side of Pine-rock, half a mile east of Mr. 
Lewis Bradley’s. This species had been called 
a variety of the virginica, until Dr. B. gave the 
specific distinctions. ; 

ochroleuca (yellow iris. E. y. M.) beardless : 
leaves ensiform, depressed, striate: scape sub- 
terete : germ 6-cornered. 

werna (Southern states. b. & p. M. 2/.) beardless, 
stemless, 1-flowered : leaves very long, grassy, 
glaucous: tube long: petals sub-equal: cap- 

__ sules roundish, sessile at the ground. 

versicolor (C. P. p. J. YL.) beardless: stem terete, 
zigzag, equalling the leaves : leaves ensiform : 
stigmas equalling the inner petals: capsules 

- ovate, angles obtuse. 


IsanTuts, 68. 
coeruleus (blue gentian. C. P. b. Ju. ©.) viscid- 
hairy: leaves lance-oval, acute at both ends, 
S5-nerved : peduncles 1 or 2-flowered. 


IsaTis, 73. 


tinctoria (woad. E. %.) radical leaves crenate 5 
cauline ones sagittate, oblong. Py. 


bes 


286 ‘SIDIUM, IVA: 


istp1uM, 114. 


dactylinus (coral lichen) effuse, rugged-warty, 
somewhat cracked, papillary-branched. white : 
warts long, cylindric, strait, clustered, solid, 
their tips becoming brown and bursting in- 
cracks: globules, when naked, a little convex. 
corallinus, tartarous, areolate [like a garden bed] 
warty-branched, grey-white: globes of the 
branches of the same colour: globules punc- 
tiform, brownish. | aps 
westringii, tartarous, cracked, unequal, pale grey; 
in angular, naked and slightly branched patch- 
es: globules of the branches brown. Used to 
form a red dye. . 
oculatus, leprous, papillary, white ; warts top- 
form: globules when naked plano-depressed, 
becoming convex, black. He ) 


IsNARD EA, 3 Pa 


‘palustris (water purslane. 0. g. J. 2.) leaves 


ovate, entire : flowers axillary, solitary, ses- 
sile. In water and wet places. 


Trea, 42. 
virginica (itea. P. w. J. b.) leaves oblong, ser- 
rate. 4 to 6 feet high. itis 


Iva, 8&8. 


frutescens (hig-water shrub. H. Y. C. P. g. Au, 
il .) leaves lanceolate, punctate-scabrous, deep- 
ly serrate : glomerules.of florets globose, de- 
pressed. Somewhat shrubby, $ or 4 feet high. 
Grews along the margins of salt marshes, &c. 


sg, Fisk 
}. -) 
) Pe Bie 


ff 


rT 


JASMINUM, JUGLANS. — 287° 


B 
JASMINUM, 25. 


fruticans (jasmine. E. y. ).) leaves alternate, 

_ ternate, simple: leafets obovate, wedgeform, 
obtuse : branches angled. — 

officinale (jasmine. E. w. » .) leaves pinnate, op- 
posite : leafets acuminate. 


JEFFERSONIA, 54. 


diphylla (twin leaf. P. w. M. %.) stemless : pe- 
duncles naked, 1-flowered : leaves in pairs. 
~Podophyllum diphyllum. Lin. 


JUGLANS, 94. 
1. Staminate ament simple, polyandrous. 


regia (madeira nut. E. M,. bh.) leafets about 9, 
oval, glabrous, subserrate, subequal : fruit glo- 
bose. Var. fraxinifolia, has 9 or 10 leatets, 
oblong, serrate, smooth. lateral lower one ad- 
nate On the common petiole. It is said that 
this variety is indigenous to North America. 

nigra (black walnut. P. C. M. b .) leafets numer- 
ous, lance-ovate, serrate, subcordate, narrow- 
ed above ; petioles and under sides of the leaves 
subpubescent, fruit globose, with scabrous 

- punctures ; nut wrinkled. 

cinerea (butternut. O. M_ bh.) leafets numerous, 
lanceolate, serrate, rounded at the base, soft 

ubescence beneath ; petioles villose : fruit ob- 
ong-ovate, viscid, nw nee Soe 3; nut rough- 
ly sculptured. The bark is a strong cathartic. 


2. Staminate ament compressed, tetrandrous. 


sulcata (P. M. h.) leafets about 9, reneatane 
the 


acuminate, serrate, pubescent bene 
me : 


-_ 


% 


7, -% 


ae 


238 JUGLANS, JUNCOS.. — 


terminal leafet subsessile, tapering to the base : 
fruit roundish, 4-keeled : nut subglobose, a lit- 
tle compressed, smooth, mucronate. 

squarrosa (shag-walnut, shaghickory. O. M. h.) 
leafets about 7, long-petioled, lance-oblong, 
acuminate, sharply serrate, villose beneath, 
terminal one sessile : ament filiform, glabrous : 
hs globose, drepressed ; nut compressed, ob- 
ique. : 

telentose (white-heart hickory. P. New Eng- 
Jand. M. k.) leafets about 9, lance-oblong, 
acuminate, slightly serrate, pubescent, sca- 
brous beneath, terminal one subpetioled : 
aments. filiform, very long, tomentose: fruit 
subgtobose, smooth ; nut sub-6-angled. 

amara (bitter nut. A. C. Y. P. M. k.) leafets 
about 9, ovate-oblong, acuminate, sharply ser- 
rate, glabrous both sides, the odd one short- 
petioled: fruit subglobose, above the sutures 
are prominent ; nut subglobose, mucronate, 
putamen brittle. ; : 

porcina (pig-nut. O. M.h.) leafets about 7, lan- 
ceolate, acuminate, serrate, glabrous both 
sides ; terminal leafet subsessile : fruit pear- 
form, or globose ; nut smooth, very hard. 
Var. obcordaia, has obcordate nuts. Var. fici- 
formis, has turbinate fruit. : 


Juncus, 51. 
1. Culms leafless. 


effusus (rush-grass. O. J. 2.) culm strait : pani- 
cle lateral, spread, more than decompound : 
capsules obtuse. Resembles the Scirpus acutus 
inhabit. ” 

acutus (New-Jersey. Ju. 2/.) culm terete: pani- 
cle terminal :.involucre 2-leaved, spinose cap- 
sules roundish, mucronate. Sea coast. 


setaceus (Ws ¥.2. Ju. %.) culm filiform, nodding > 
«yw * 


JUNCUS. — 289 


umbels lateral, compound, few-flowered : pe- 
‘duncles many-flowered : calyx subulate. 

squarrosus (C. 2.) leaves squarrose, setaceous 
2-ranked : little heads terminal, glomerate, 
leafless. ; 

marginatus (C. P. J. 2%.) leaves flat, glabrous : 
corymb terminal, simple, proliferous ; little 
heads about 10-flowered : calyx equalling the 
obtuse capsule. 

nodosus (W. C. P. Ju. 4.) leaves with notted joints, 
terete : corymb simple: little heads globose $ 
capsules acuminate, longer than the calyx. 


2. Culms lea y. 


polycephalus (W. Y. P. J. 2.) stem erect, few- 
leaved : leaves with notted joints : little heads 
globose, many-flowered, subpanicled : calyx li- 

_ near, triandrous. Var. tenuifolius has filiform 

leaves. | 

‘sylvaticus (P. Ju. %.) culm erect : leaves terete, 

- with notted joints: panicle more than decom- 
pound : leafets of the calyx awned, interior 
ones longer. 

Sluitans (floating reed-grass. P. Ju. 2/.) stem de- 

_. cumbent : leaves setaceous : flowers glomerate, 

_ whorled ; glomerules leafy. 

acuminatus (©. P. Ju. 2.) culm leafy, erect : 
Jeaves somewhat notty-jointed : panicle ter- 
minal, compound glomerules about 3-flowered, 
peduncled and sessile : calyx slender, acumi- 
nate. ‘Triandrous. 

bulbosus (C. Ju. 4.) stem subcompressed, undi- 
vided : leaves linear channelled : corymb te1- 
minal : calyx obtuse, shorter than the round- 
ish obtuse capsule. On dry ground. 

tenuis (O. J. %.) culm leafy, simple, teretish : 
leaves channelied : corymb terminal, dichoto- 

_ mous, shorter than the bracts : capsule oblong, _ 


BS 


_ obtuse, shorter than oi calyx 


299 JUNCUS, JUNGERMANNIA: 


bufonius (W. Y. C. J. €.) culm leafy, dichoto- — 
mous : leaves angled, subsetaceous : flowers 
oblong, solitary, sessile. — 

spicatus (Whitehills. Au. Big) leaves flat : spike 
racemed, nodding, compound at the base : cap- 
_sules acute. 

Remark. The three following species have 
been paved under genus Luzula by Willde- 
now, Desvoux and some others, __ 

pilosus (A. W. P. Ap. 2.) leaves flat, hairy : co-— 
rymb subsimple: peduncles single-flowered, 
nodding ; petals ovate, acute, shorter than the © 
capsule, 

campestris (QO. Ap. %.) leaves flat, with long fine © 
hairs : spikelets peduncled, somewhat nodding, 
intermediate one sessile: leafets of the calys: 
mucronate, longer than the obtuse capsule. 

melanocarpus (Whitehills. Ju.) culm leafy ; leaves 
broadish, sublanceolate, glabrous : panicle ca- 
pilary, very lax: flowers distinctly pedicelled :_ 

_capsules becoming black, | 7 


JUNGERMANNIA, 109. 
1. Caulescent: branches compound, pinnate. 


porella (false moss) branches flowering in the © 
middle: flowers nearly sessile : sheaths inflat-— 
ed : leaves obovate. 

viticulosa, leaves flat, naked, linear. 

polyanthos, leaves entire, imbricate, convex. 

scalaris, leaves entire, ovate, 2-rowed : extremi- 
ty of the stem bearing the staminate flowers. _ 

lanceolata, fronds lanceolate: leaves entire: fruit 
terminal. jew 

bidentata, leaves ovate, 2-toothed. ee 

connivens, creeping, branched : leaves ovate, a lit- 
tle concave,.cloven, with acute converging 
lobes: flowers terminal, 


JUNGERMANNIA, JUNIPERUS. 29% 


hicuspidata, leaves roundish, emarginate, 2-row- 
ed: flowers terminal. 


2. Caulescent : fronds imbricate. 


complanata, creeping : leaves appendaged be- 
neath, a | imbricate : branches equal. 
e 


paces 5 aves doubly imbricate, roundish, 
appendaged beneath : stipules ovate, emargin- 


ate ; fruit terminal. 
tomentella, creeping, downy above : Icaves entire, 
downy. 
_ pusilla, shoots very short, flowering at top: 
leaves imbricate, crenate on the fore part, 


$. Stemless. 


' ninguis, frond oblong, sinuate, slippery, 


-ppiphipitas leafst on the frond. 
pe 
i‘. 


JUNIPERUS, 101. 


sabina Nae Can. ).) leaves opposite, obtuse, 
, landular in the middle, imbricate four ways, 
elicate, acute, opposite. A low shrub in the 
* clefts of rocks. That which is cultivated is 
_ from Europe. 
prostrata (american savin. QO. h .) leaves opposite, 
~ acute, imbricate about 4 ways, smooth glau- 
cous : branches horizontal or prostrate. Very 
-plenty in Pownal, four miles north of Williams 
_ College. A shrub. 
virginiana (red cedar, O, M. }.) leaves in threes, 
adnate at their bases ; in the young state they 
‘are imbricate, older they become spreading’. 
Hardly a middle sized tree, 
communis iupner. A. Y. N. Montgomery coun- 
ty. ©. M. hb.) leaves in threes, spreading, mu- 
cronate, longer than the berry. On the sand 
plains, at the foot of Pine-rock, in New-Haven, 
a root of it often sends off shoots, about 3 feet. 


\ 
7 


ae 


i> 4 a | 


a92 Ss SUSTICIA, KUHNIA. 


in length, so close to ea : ther, as to make a 
kind of mat 12 or 14 feet in diameter. — 


JusTicia, "26. 


adhatoda (malabar nut. E. p. kb.) leaves lance- 
ovate : bracts ovate, nerved, permanent: hel- | 
met of the corol concave. | 


K. 


KaAatmtia, 57. 4 
latifolia (laurel. O. r. Ju. b..) leaves long-petial- 
ed, scattered and in threes, oval, smooth both 
sides: corymbs terminal, with viscid hairs. 
Generally 4 or 5 feet high. But on Catskill 
mm mountain it is found more than 20 feethigh. _ 
——. angustifolia (sheen laurel. 5, 2 .) leaves in three 
petioled, oblong, obtuse, sometimes rusty be- 
neath: corymbs lateral : bracts linear : pedun-) 
< cles and calyx with glandular hairs. A shrub- 
one or two feet high. sp 
glauca (swamp laurel. P. N. Plainfield and Hins- 
dale, Mass. r. M. hk.) branchlets 2-edged 
leaves opposite, subsessile, oblong, smooth, 
glaucous beneath, margin revolute : corymb— 
terminal, bracted: peduncles and calyxes very 

glabrous, 


Krier, 83. 4 
virginica (dwarf-dandelion. Y.C. P. N. y. M. ®.) 
- smail: leaves lyrate, aaa smoothish, cili- 
ate: scape 1-flowered, twice as long as the 
leaves : calyx about 8-leaved. “a 


KuuHntA, 84. 


eupatorioides (false boneset. P. w. Au. 2/.) glahe 


+ a 
° -@ 


KUHNIA, LAMIUM. 298 


4.7 
rous : leaves petioled, broad-lanceolate, serrate : 
corymb terminal, few-flowered, compact. 

critonia . y- Au. 2.) pubescent: leaves narrow- 
lanceolate, about 2-toothed below, petioled, 
punctate beneath ; upper ones linear entire, 
sessile ; panicle terminal, spreading. 


KyYLLInGtIA, 28. 
monocephala (false bog-rush. New-Jersey. %.) 
culm filiform, 3-sided : heads globose, sessile ; 
involucres 3-leaved, very long. 
Y L. 
LacTwuca, 82. 


sativa (lettuce. E. y. Ju. €.) leaves roundish s 
cauline ones cordate : stem corymbed.. Var. 


romana has oblong strait leayes, narrowed at — 


_ the base. Var. crispa has sinuate-crenate 
leaves, toothed, undulated, crisped ; radical ones 
hairy onthe keel. Var. laciniata has the low- 
er leaves pinnatifid and the upper ones runcin- 


ate. . 
elongata (wild lettuce. O. y. J. 5 .) leaves smooth 
__ beneath, lower ones runcinate, entire, clasp- 
ing ; lowest ones toothed, highest ones lanceo- 
late: flowers corymb-panicled. 3 to 6 feet 
high. 


LamivM, 68. 


garganicum (dead nettle. E. 4.) leaves cordate, 
_ concave : throat of the corol inflated, tube 


hort. 

) (C. p. ©.) leaves cordate, obtuse, 
toothed, petioled, crowded at the top: stem 
nakedish downwards. 

amplexicaue (henbit, Ree: Q.p. M. @-) 
r, a . 


o 


f 


294 LAPATHUM, LATHYRUS. 


floral leav si sping, gashed : radical 
leaves lobe <p 


; , ; ; Saag e ‘ 
ee 10p. — 


acetosellum (field sorrel. O. g. & p. M. YJ.) leaves 
lance-hastate, auricled, entire. ‘This and the 
next species are very properly separated in a 
section from the genus Rumex by Persoon. As 
they differ from the other species essentially in 
qualities and habit, as well as in being uniform- 
ly dioecious, IT have taken Persoon’s section for 
a genus. 

acetosum (garden sorrel. E. 2.) stem elongated 4 
leaves oblong, sagittate, acute, clasping. 


LATHYRUS, 79. 


stapulaceus (wild vet chling. C.) stem winged, — 
4-cornered : stipules half-sagittate, ovate, acu- — 
minate, large : leafets in 3 pairs, oval-ovate, 
obtusish nucronate : peduncles 4 or 5-flower- 
ed. Torrey. Anew species, discovered by J. 
Le Conte, Esq- | aaa 

‘palustris (C. Can. w-p. Ju. 


: 
: 
4 


a 


stipules lance-semisagittate: leafets six, lance- — 

linear, acute : peduncles about 3-flowered. ; 

myrtifolius (C. P. r. Ju. 4.) stem naked, 4-cor- 
nered : stipules semisagittate, lanceolate, acu- : 


minate : leafets 4, lance-oblong, acute, mucro- 
nate, net-veined.: peduncles longer than the — 
leaves, about 3-flowered. al 
venosus (P. p. Ju. %.) stem naked, 4-cornered : 
stipules semisagittate, ovate, acuminate : leaf- 
_ ets numerous somewhat alternate, ovate, ob- 
- tuse, mucronate, veiny, peduncles 5, shor 
than the leaves. | 
odoratus (sweet pea. E. J. ©.) peduncles 2-flow- 
ered : tendril with 2 ovate-obloiig leafets ; le- 
_sumes hirsute, . te f 


LATHYRUS, LAVATERA. 295 
Re wie ° | | ) 
latifoltus (everlasting-pea. E. . } 

ct foweredue fond ebisse ate 
. leaves ; membranaceous bet joints, | 
clymenum (various pea. E. &.) peduncles 2-flow- 
ered : tendril with many lanceolate leafets ; 
stipules toothed. 
articulatus (jointed pea. E. Ju. ©.) peduncles 
about 1-flowered : tendril with many alternate 
lanceolate leafets ; legume jointed. 
sativus (chick-vetch. E. ©.) peduncles 1-flower- 
ed : tendrils with 2and 4 leafets : legumes 
- ovate, compressed with two narrow wings on 
the back. 


9 Lavrvs, 55. 


- ¢amphoratus (camphor-tree. E. ) .) leaves about 
_  $-nierved, lance-ovate : panicle spreading. 
From Japan. 
_ benzoin (spice-bush, fever-bush. O. g. y. Ap. hb.) 
_ leaves wedge-obovate : flowers in umbelled 
_glomerules. A shrub from 4 to 8 feet high, 
spicy tasted. 
Sassafras (sassafras tree. O. y. M. .) leaves en- 
tire and lobed on the same plant. Size from 
_ alow shrub to a smallish tree. The bark of 
- the root is very fragrant. The gum is useful 
_ for inflamed eyes. Silliman. 


LAVANDULA, 68. 


_-spica (lavender. E. Au. 71.) leaves sessile, lances 
linear, with revolute margins ; spike interrupt 
_ edly naked. 


ie" LAVATERA, 77. ta 


Hhusinisiaen (gay mallows. E. 2.) lower leaves 
angled ; upper ones 3-lobed, with the middle 
one longest: peduncles solitary, 


So 


bP 


206 LAVATERA, LECIDEA. 
$a he 


ero ied. E, S.%.) leaves 7-angled Tad 
an | ae | 
C4 _ Lecuea, $3. « 

' 


major (pin-weed. O. g-p. Ju. 5) hirsute: leaves 
es rare Sigane As amg panicle leafy: branch- 
es bearing flowers at their tops : flowers in 
fascicled racem ne way, short-pedicelled : _ 
stem erect. A dull unsightly weed, in barren — 
fields, about one foot high. _ | 

gunor (O. g-p. Ju. %.) smoothish : leaves lance- © 
linear, acute : panicle leafy : branches elon- 
gated, bearing flowers on all parts ; stem as- 
cending. 

racemulosa (C. Ju. % .) pubescence close-pre mi 
leaves linear, acute, ciliate : panicle sle 

% very branching, nakedish : flowers. mall, i 
” ternate, pedicelled : stem erect. } 


LecmeEa, 112, 


2 


2 3 


so 1. Frond crustaceous, uniform. — 


-erust thin, somewha 
ous : spangles ‘ 
leyiphaema, thin, milk 
nute, nearly re tiah- wii 
muscorum, whitish, thin, somewhat eae | 
spangles flat, margined, black, becoming hem- — 

ispheric, confluent. - 
immersus, greyish-white, smooth : spangles i oa : 
mersed, margined, black ; becoming convex, de- 
ciduous. 
parasemus, greyish, thin, uninterrupted, ed ed 
_ with black : spangles black, flattish, margine 
~ becoming convex. 
lapicidus, tartarous, broad, a little rugged in the 
divisions, grey ; spangles depressed, tay 


~ 


LECIDEA. 297 
crowded, becoming unequal angular ahd con 
Pe fluent, black ¥ jg 

albo-caerulescens, tartarous, equal, uninterrupted, 
white : spangles raised, the disk flat, bluish- 
white, frosty : margin becoming zigzag, black. 
corticolus, effuse, cracked, pure-white : spangles 
flat, close-pressed, minute, crowded, becoming 
somewhat globular, black, grey-mealy. 
pruinosus, leprous, very thin, rusty-red: spangles 
plano-convex, deformed, bluish-black, mealy. 
icmadophilus, effuse, granular, unequal, pale, 
greenish-grey ;: spangles flat, flesh-colour, be- 
coming dilated and a little convex, with a thin 
zigzag margin. 
_ russula, rugged, garden-bed-like, white: spangles 
flat, deep red, becoming rusty-brown. 
_ obscurus, leprous somewhat nearly, blackish- 
-. brown: spangles margined, dull yusty becom- 
ing blackish. 


» . 


_ 2. Frond crustaceous, imbricate or hole. 


crenate, 
s black, 


3. Frond leafy, peliate. 


“ 

~  postulatus, navelled, membranous, lobed, green- 

. ish-grey, blistered and warty above, dark olive 

and deeply pitted beneath: spangles flat, black ; 

_ - margined, becoming plaited. m 

| nmsylvanicus, navelled, somewhat membranous 
. grey-brown, wrinkled and blistered above, 

black-brown, pitted and granular beneath : 
spangles flattish black with a margin some- 
what zigzag, : 


398  #LEDUM, LEMNA. 


hah . i ae 

palusive (marsh-tea. Can. w. M. b.) leaves li- 
near, margins revolute, iron-rust down be- 
neath : stamens longer than the corol. 

latifolium (abrader-tea. P. Pittsfield, Mass. 

ames. W. r.J. kh.) leaves linear-oblong, folded 

in atthe margin, iron-rust down beneath: sta- 
mens mostly 5, equalling the corol. About | 
swamps. 


Ledum, see Leiophyllam. 
LrEEnrsiA, 31. | 
lenticularis (white grass. Y. Jus YJ.) branches of 
the panicie sub-sontary 3 Spikelets imbricate : 
glumes orbicular, ciliate, jarge: Mr. Leaven- 
worth, a pupil of Prof. Ives, found this species © 


. 


Ae 
Wy, 
a 


three miles from Yale College. Heretofore it 
has been found only west of the Allegany 
mountains. , <a %e 
sirginica (cut grass. W. C. . .) panicle 


scattered : spikelets spr : glumes ob- 
long-oval, keel ciliate. In water and wet 
ground. Avery rough harsh grass. 


LEIGPHYLLUM, 57. 


thymifolium (sleek-leaf.) leaves ovate, obtuse, gla. _ 
brous ; umbels terminal, head-ferm, sessile. 
From Ledum. Per, 


Lemna, 90. Rog 


trisulca (duck meat. P.) leaves lanceolate, taper 
ing into the petiole, adhering together cross- 
form : root single. 

minor (green duck meat. H. W. C. P. J. ©.) 
leaves round-oyal, flat, adhering by their bases, 


° ‘3 
Dae 
J polyrhiza (water eed. W. P. Ju. 


=, =~ 


7 with toothed divisions. 
= 


LEMNA, LEPRARIA, —s__.299 


a single root 
each leaf. 


ae 
% 


e) 
round oval flat, adhering by the bases : several 
roots proceed from the under side of each leaf 
ina fascicle. The leaves of this species become 
purplish and greatly resemble flaxseed, scatter- 
ed on the surface of the st> . ant waters. The 
roots rarely reachthe gro dj; but merely ex- 
tend downwards a few inches into the water.— — 
The flowers proceed froim fissures in the edges 


of the leaves. 


LEONTODON, 82. 


taraxacum (dandelion. O. y. Ap. 2/.) outer calyx 
_reflexed : scape 1-flowered: leaves runcinate, 


Leonurws, 69, 
cardiaca (motherwort. O. w-r. Ju. 4%.) leaves 3- 
lobed, t d, bases wedge-form: calyx 
prickly, | the corol. ae 
= 


wo 


IDIUM, 74. 4 


= 


satioum (peppergrass, E. w. Ju. ©.) leaves ob- 
long, many-cleft. . 

_ ‘virginicum (wild peppergrass. Y.C.P.J. 3.) rad- 
ical leaves pinnatifid, cauline ones lance-linear, 


-- somewhat gash-serrate: flowers 4-petalled, 


mostly with but two stamens: silicles lens-form. 
LEPRARIA, 111. a , 


chlorina (leprous lichen.) no visible frond ; thicky 
deep yellow. | 

alba, crustaceous frond and fruit pure white. 

dxcona, crust thin, submembranous, grey-glan- 
cous ; fruit hoary, 


a 2 


500 LEPRARIA, LESPEDEZA. 


Intescens, le rous a little cracked, rugged, yel- 
oe > fruit “gh bular, of the colour of the 
frond. 

flava; thin, mealy, bright goldentyellow. 


LEPTANTHUS, 28. 


graminea (floating grass-weed. P. y. Ju. 2. 
leaves all linear. Grows in Fishkill and back 
of Newburgh. Torrey. 


Leptanthus, see Heteranthera. 
LESKEA, 108. 


squarrosa, erect, slightly branched : leaves 5- 
rowed, reflexed : capsule oblong, inclined: lid 
subconic, acute. 

atienuatum, simple, proliferous : leaves stellate, 
ovate, acute, entire, reticulate : capsule clavate, 
erect. 

rostratum, simple : leaves obovate, spatulate, ve- 
ry obtuse, minutely serrate: capsule ovate, 
pendulous: lid subulate. “i eae 

= 

LESPEDEZA, 81. 


gessiliflora, (bush clover. C. H. P. p. Ju. 2%.) 
erect: leaves oblong: fascicles of flowers ses- 
sile, numerous: loment nearly naked, acute ; 
calyx minute. 

violacea (C. H. ¥. P. p. Ju. %.) very branchy, 
spreading : leaves long-petioled : leafets oval, 
obtuse, with close-pressed hairs beneath: ra- 


cemes short, umbelled: flowers in pairs : lo- 


ment rhombic, reticulate, glabrous. 

procumbens (C. P. p. y. J. %.) procumbent, slen- 
der, hairy : leaves oval : peduncles long : le- 
gumes naked, with minute calyx. 


capitata (N. C. H. P. Y. w-p. J. 2.) erect, sim-: 


¥ 


LESPEDEZA, LIGUSTICUM. $08 
+¢ ‘ » tos pei fr 


ple: leaves subsessile ; leafets oval: spikes 
capitate, short-peduncled, axillary and 
minal glomerules : calyx villose, of the of 
the corol: loment much smaller than the calyx. 
polystachia (W.N.P.Y.C. H.w-r. Ju. 2.) erects — 
branching, very villose : leaves subsessile 5 
leafets round oval: spikes axillary, long-pe- 
Sb : corol and loment about equal to the 
calyx. : 


Vs . cs : 
LiaTris, 83. 


spicata (gay feather. New Lebanon. P. C. r. Au, 
%{.) stem simple, tall : leaves linear, glabrous, 
ciliate at the base, nerved and punctate : spike 
very long : flowers sessile: scales of the calyx 
linear-oblong, obtuse, close-pressed. 
scariosa (P. Au. 2.) stem simple, subpubescent + 
leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glab- 
rous with scabrous margins: calyxes squarose 
below. racemed, alternate, distant; scales 
spatulate, with membranous coloured margins. 
' squarrosa (C, N. ¥. r- Au. 2.) stem simple, hai- 
ry : leaves long-linear, nerved, margins a little 
scabrous : raceme few-flowered : scales of the 
calyx leafy above, lanceolate, rigid, spreading. 
. pilosa (New-Jersey. p. S. 24.) stem simple, pubes- 
cent : leaves linear, pilose, ciliate: calyxes ra- 
cemed, laxish ; scales linear-oblong, obtusish : 
pedicels bracted. 
aspera (C. p. Au. %.) stem subramose, scabrous- 
hairy : leaves lance-linear, rough: calyxes 
short, spiked, distinctly alternate, soiitary, ses- 
sile, scales round-obtuse, converging. 


_ Licusticum, 45. [Wrongly called exotic. } 
levisticum (lavage. smellage. E. w. %.) leaves 


long, numerous ; leafets above gashed. Strong 
scented. ere A iTS 
Aa 


402 LIGUSTICUM, LILIUM. 

scoticum (Can. Ju. %.) cauline leaves biternate, — 
‘upper ones trifoliate; lateral leafets trapezoid, — 

_.terminal one rhomboid: umbels stifly erect: | 
‘involucres many-leaved. . baa 

acteaefolium (C. Ju. 21.) petiolés doubly 3-parted, 
secondary divisions with 2 or 3 leafets ; leafets 
equally toothed: involucels setaceous : fruit 
oval, oblong-oval, subulate, 10-ribbed. 


LigustTruUM, 26. 


vulgare (prim. Y. C. P. w. J. kh.) leaves lanceo- 
‘late, acutish: panicle compact. Common in the - 
woods about New-Haven. Though it may have 
been introduced. 


Lixium, 50. 


cundidum (white lily. E. w. J, 1.) leaves lanceo 
late, scattered, tapering to the base : corol bell- 
form, glabrous within. aoe 

catesbaei (southern lily. P. y-r. J. 2.) leaves scat- 
tered, lance-linear: stem 1-flowered: corol e- - 
rect ; petals with long claws, margin undulate, 
apex reflexed. About a foot high. | 

superbum (superb lily. P. Y. A. C. Catskill. y. p. 
Ju. 2/.) leaves lance-linear, 3-nerved, glabrous, 
lower ones whorled, upper ones scattered : flow- 
ers in a pyramid-raceme, reflexed ; petals revo- 
lute. 3 to 6 feet high, 

canadense (nodding lily. O. y. r. Ju. %.) leaves re- 
motely whorled, lanceolate, 3-nerved, subhirsute 
beneath at the nerves : peduncles terminal, 
longated, mostly in threes : corol nodding, ra- 
ceme spreading. . 

philadelphicum (ved lily. O. vr. y. J. Y.) leaves 
whorled, lance-linear : stem about 2-flowered : 
corol erect, bellform, spreading : petals lance- 
olate, having claws. 


pennsylvanicum (P.r. y. Ju. %.) leaves scattered, 


LIMNETIS, LIMOSELLA. _—308 


tance-linear ; the uppermost ones whorled, 
about equal to the flowers: stem about 1-flow- 
ered, somewhat 5-sided : peduncles woolly : ce- 
_ rol erect, woolly outside. vey 


wid LIMNETIS, 29. 


juncea (rush salt-grass, Y. H. C. P. Ju. 2.) leaves 
2-ranked, shortish, setaceous-convolute : spikes 
few, a? spreading : calyx acuminate, keel 
rough. 
a8 Or (many-spiked saltgrass. Y. H. C. P. 
- 2.) spikes many (10) approximate on a 3- 
cornered rachis, scabrous, short-peduncled : 
leaves flat, the margins scabrous ; sheath stri 
ate glabrous : one valve of the corol hispid on 
the keel. 
glabra (Y. H. C. P. Ju. 2.) spikes 6 to 10, close- 
pressed: rachis compressed and 3-sided, glab- 
rous, with sessile florets, leaves convolute, nery- 
i pungent, glabrous : calyx and corol awn- 
ess. ‘lhe genus Spartina. Roth. 


Limoporvum, 89. 


-_unifolium (limodore. New-Jersey. w.) having but 
one leaf. | 


LIMOSELLA, 71. 


subulata (mudwort. Y. ) leaves radical, cylindric, 
twice as long as the scape. Very minute, This 
is anew species, first discovered by professor 
Ives on the banks of the Housatonick, in the 
summer of 1816 ; and afterwards it was found 
by Messrs. Nuttall and Collins, on the banks of 
the Delaware, 


$04 LINDERNIA, LIQUIDAMBAR. 


LINDERNIA, 26.° 


attenuata (lindern. C. P. b. Aut &.) leaves repand- 
toothed : peduncles short. ts r 

dilatata (P. C. b. Au. ©.) leaves oblong-ovate, 
obsoletely toothed, sessile : peduncles axillary, 
1-flowered. | sat 


.. 


if 
LINNAEA, 34. 


Jorealis (twin-flower. W. P. N. Catskill. Plain- 
field, Mass. w-r. J. 24.) stem prostrate: branch- 
es erect, each bearing 2 flowers: leaves round- 
ish, crenate forward. Most of the Plainfield 
specimens are didynamous. 


Linum, 48. 


usitatissimum (flax. E. b. Ju. €&.) leafets of the 
calyx ovate, acute, 3-nerved: petals crenate : 
leaves lanceolate, alternate: stem subsolitary. 

virginianum (wild flax. Y. N. C. P. W.y. Ju. ©.) 
leafets of the calyx acute : panicle terminal : 
flowers remotely alternate : leaves lance-linear 
scattered ; radical ones ovate. 

perenne (garden flax. E. b. Ju. 4.) calyxes and 
capsules obtuse: leaves alternate, lanceolate, 
entire : stems numerous. 


LIQUIDAMBAR, 95. 


styracifiua (sweet-gum. C. P. N. Chatham, New- 
York. M. k.) leaves palmate, with acuminate 
lobes, serrate, villose at the mecting of the veins 
beneath. es 
Liquiritia, see Glycyrrihiza. , 


LIRIODENDRON, LOBELIA. $05 


LIRIODENDRON, 67. 


este ° wig wood, tulip tree. A. N. Catskill. 

. y-¥v.J. kh.) leaves truncate at the end, with 
2 sidelobes. A beautiful flowering tree. The 
timber is useful to cabinet makers. It is alsoa 
useful tonic. See Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med, 


LITHOSPERMUM, 36. 


officinale (stone seed, gromwell. P. y. M. 2.) 
seed smooth: corol scarcely- longer than the 
calyx : leaves lanceolate, veiny. 

latifolium (P. y-w. J. 2/.) seed turgid ovate, shin- 
ing, with hollowed punctures : calyx spread- 
ing, exceeding the corol : leaves ovate-oblong, 
nerved. 

arvense (steen-crout, wheat-thief. O. w. M. @.) 
seed rugose : corol scarcely longer than the ca- 
lyx : leaves obtuse, veinless. 


LoBELIA, 41. 


cardinalis (cardinal flower. O. r. Ju. 2%.) erect, 
simple, pubescent : leaves lance-ovate, acumin- 
ate, erectly-denticulate : racemes somewhat. 
one-sided, many flowered : stamens longer than 


corols. 
kalmii (W. C. P. Ju. €.) slender, erect, subsim- 
ple: radical leaves spatulate, cauline ones li- 
near, delicately toothed : flowers racemed, al- 
ternate, remote, pedicelled. 
pallida (0. b. J. %.) somewhat hairy : stem er- 
ect, slender, simple : leaves oblong-spatulate, 
toothed : flowers in a spike. 
dortmannia (H. New-Jersey. b. Ju. 2.) radical 
leaves linear, recurved, fistulous, with two ca- 
vities, entire : scape simple, racemose, some- 
what naked ; flowers remote. peduncled, 
a2 


306  LOBELIA, LONICERA. 


siphilitica (C. P. b. Ju. %.) erect, simple, hirsute 
with short hairs: leaves lance-ovate, subser- 

) Yate : raceme leafy : calyx” hirsute, with -re- 
flexed sinuses. Flowers much larger than 
those of the pallida and inflata. 

inflata (wild tobacco. O. b. Ju. G.) erect, branch- 
ing, very hirsute: leaves ovate, serrate : 
racemes leafy : capsules inflated. vo 

puberula (P.b. Ju. 24.) erect, very simple, pubes- 
cent: leaves oblong-oval, repaud-serrulate : 

. flowers spiked, alternate, subsessile : germs 
hispid : calyx ciliate. 

claytoniana (C. P. b. Ju. %.) erect, simple, sub- 
pubescent : leaves oblong, obtusish ; radical 
ones entire, cauline ones denticulate above ; 

_ Yaceme wandlike : bracts subulate. 


LoLiuM, 32. 


perenne (darnel grass. W. C. Y. P. N. H. M. %.) 
spike awnless ; spikelets compressed, many- 
flowered. 

Yumulentum (P. New England. Ju. ©.) spikes 
awned ; spikelets compressed, about 6-flower- 
ed, equalling the calyx. . 


LoniIcERA, 40. 


sh atk (honeysuckle. E. k-) corols ringent- 
_. like, terminal, sessile ; leaves connate-perfoli- | 
ate at the top. tie 
periclymenum (woodbine. EK. J. hb.) flowers in 
ovate, imbricate, terminal heads: leaves all 
distinct. Var. quercifolia, leaves sinuate. = 
fraseri (Catskill Mt. y. J. bh .) spikes with whorl- 
ed heads : coro] subringent-like with divisions 
oblong, obtuse: leaves ovate, glaucous beneath, 
with cartilagenous margin ; upper ones con- 
nate-perfoliate. : 
grata (C.r, y. J. kh.) spike with whorls very nea" 


LONICERA, LUDWIGIA. 307 


éach other: corol ringent-like, with along 
tube : leaves perennial, obovate, submucronate, 
net-veined and paler beneath, upper ones con- 
nate-perfoliate. 
parviflora (W. Y. C. P. A. Nv y. J. h.) spikes 
with whorled heads, subsessile : coro! shortish, 
ringent-like, gibbous at the base: filaments 
bearded : leaves decideous, glauceous beneath, 
mostly connate, floral ones perfoliate. 
sempervirens (C. P.r. y. M. bh.) spikes with dis- 
_ tant, nakedish whorls: corols subequal, tube 
yentricose above : leaves ovate and obovate, 
glaucous beneath, upper ones connate-perfoli- 
ate. | 
hirsuta (rough woodbine, W. y. J. 4 .) leaves hir- 
sute, abruptly acuminate, lower ones obovate. 
This isa new species found byMr.E. Washburn, 
a member of the botanical class at Williams 
College, in the summer of 1817. It grows in 
great plenty on a hill two miles west of the col- 
ge. Ittwines around trees from left to right 
to the height of twenty or thirty feet. Ihave 
been informed, that Mr. Le Conte had gather- 
ed the same plant in the state of New-York; 
before Mr. W. found it in Williamstown. 


Lonicera, see Diervilla and Xylosteum. 
Lupwier, 35. 


alternifolia (seed-box. O. y. Ju. @. or %.) erect; 

branching, subglabrous : leaves alternate, lan- 

_ ceolate, hoary beneath: peduncles axillary, 1- 

“flowered : capsules 4-sided : divisions of the 
calyx large coloured. 

pilosa (New-Jersey. Ju. 2.) erect, branching, 

_ hirsute : leaves alternate, oblong, sessile, hir- 

' cute, both sides: capsule with 2 bracts at the 

ase. 


g08 LUNARIA, LYCHNIS, 


LUNARIA, 73. 


F > ; 
annua (honesty. E. p. % .) leaves obtusely tooth< 
ed : silicles oval, obtuse at bothends. ) 

rediviva (satin flower. E. b-p. 2/.) leaves with mu- | 
cronate teeth: silicles tapering to both ends, 

’ floweres odorous. en ie : 


LuPinus, 78. 


perennis (wild lupine. O.b. M. %.) stem and 
leaves smoothish : leaves digitate with about § 
to 10 leafets, which are oblanceolate, obtusish : 
calyxes alternate, not appenilaged : banner 
emarginate, keel entire. The keel terminates 
in a kind of beak when the flowers are first open. — 

hirsutus (garden lupine. E. b. @.) calyxes appen- 
daged, alternate: banner 2-parted, keel 3-tooth-. 
e 


pilosus (rose lupine. E.r. w. @.) calyxes appen- 
daged, whorled : banner 2-parted, keel entire. 

Iuteus (yellow lupine. E. y. ©.) calyxes appenda-< 
ged, whorled : banner PARA keel 3-toothed.. 

villosus (hairy lupine. Southern states. w.r.p. J.. 
%.) very villose : leaves simple, oblong: ca- 
lyxes not appendagod, alternate in a long spike : 
banner 2-cleft, keel entire, long. 

albus (white lupine. E. w. Au. ©.) calyxes not 
appendaged, alternate : banner entire, keel 3- 


toothed.. 
Lycunis, 60. 


chalcedonica (scarlet lichnis. E. J.2/.) flowers fasci- 
cled, level-top. 

ciscaria (clammy lichnis. E. UY.) stem genicu<- 
late, viscous : petals entire : capsule 5-celled- 

#os-cuculi (ragged robin. E, 2{.) petals torn : cap= 
sule 1-celled, roundish, Misty win 


te 


LYCIUM, LYCOPODIUM. S09 


Lycium, 34, 


barbarum (matrimony. E. r. J. y. bh .)stemangled ; 
» branches erect : leaves lanceolate, tapering to 
_ both ends : calyx mostly 3-cleft. 
caroliniana (samphire buckthorn. Southern states. 
p. J. kh.) stemless : leaves narrow-spatulate. 


LycorEeRDON, 118. 


bovista (common puff-ball. O.) at first white, be- 
- coming black and spherical: outer coat downy, 
~ which “pogegy De leaves the leathery inner coat : 
seeds black, lighter than air, and appearing like 
smoke. i 
stellatum (starpuff-ball Y. A. N.) wrapper many- 
cleft, spread, stellate : head smooth with some- 
what pointed mouth at the top. 
iforme, dirty brownish white: an inch and a 
half high ; base tapering, top pointed. 


Lycopopium, 105. 
1. Spikes peduncted. 


clavatum (club-moss, O. g, Ju. ¥.) stem creeping : 

branches ascending : leaves scattered, incurve- 

bristle-bearing : spikes in pairs or single, cylin- 

- dric : scales ovate, acuminate, erose-dentate. © 

complanatum (ground pine. O. g-y. Ju. 2.) stem 

erect: branches alternate, dichotomous : leaves 
bifareous, connate, spreading at the tips: pe- 

_ duncles 4-cleft, 4-spiked ; spikes terrete. 


2. Spikes sessile, leaves surrounding the stem. 
dendroideum (tree-weed. O. g. Ju. 2.) stem 


erect : branches alternate, crowded, dichoto- 
mous, spreading ; leaves scattered, pointing 6 


| Lie Be 


310 -LYCOPODIUM. 


ways, lance-linear, spreading : spikes ‘solitary 


terminal. DL. obscurum. 

annotinum (P. Can. Ju. 2{.) stem creeping ; bran- 
ches twice 2-parted, ascending: leaves point- 
ing 5 ways, lance-linear, mucronate, spreading 


and serrulate near the tips : spike solitary, ter- 


minal. ) 

inundatum(C. Ju. 2.) stem creeping, subramose ; 
branches simple, solitary, erect, 1-spiked at 
the top; spike leafy: leaves linear scattered, 
acute, entire, curved above. 


alopecuroides (C. P. Ju. 24.) stem creeping, sub- — 


ramose ; branches simple, long, ascending, 1- 
spiked at the top : leaves linear-subulate, _cili- 
ate-toothed at the base, spreading : spike leafy. 

selaginoides (C. Ju. 4.) stem creeping : branches 
simple, ascending : leaves scattered, lanceolate, 
spreading, ciliate-tocthed: spikes solitary ter- 
minal, leafy. 

rupestre (festoon pine. C. N. P. Ju. %.) stem creep- 
ing, branching ; branches sub-divided, ascend- 
ing : leaves scattered, lance-linear, ciliate with 
hairs at the apex: spikes solitary terminal. 


8. Spikes sessile, leaves 2-ranked. 


albidulum (P. Au. 41.) leaves ovate acute denticu- 
late, alternate, close-pressed : spikes terminal, 
long, 4-sided. 

apodum (P. Ju. 2f.) leaves round-ovate, acute, flat, 
denticulate ; with superficial ones, alternate, 
acuminate : stem branching, rooting near the 
base : spike terminal, sub-solitary. 


4. Capsules axillary. 


lucidulum (moon-fruit pine. O. y.) leaves pointing 
8 ways, lance-linear, denticulate, acute, reflex- 
pio stem ascending bifid: fruit lun- 
ulate, 


LYCOPUS, LY SIMACHIA. 311 


" la Lycorvs, 26. 


europaeus (water-horchound. C, Y. P. w. Ju. %.) 

- lower leaves gashed, upper ones lanceolate, 
serrate : calyx acuminate-spined. Flowers 
small, whorled. 

wirginicus (O. w. J. 4.) leaves broad-lanceolate, 

. serrate, at the base narrowed and entire: calyx 
very short, spineless. Var. quercifolius, leaves 
sinuate-pimnatifid. 

unifiorus (W. w. J. 2.) leaves lanceolate, sub- 
serrate, glabrous ; suckers procumbent. A 
low plant, with flowers mostly solitary. Mr. 
W. A. Hallock, found this species three miles 
north of Williams College. It was hitherto sup- 

- posed to be confined to Canina 


LycGopium, 105. 


palmatum (climbing fern. Granby. Mass. g-y. 
Au. 24.) stem climbing: leaves palmate, 5-lob- 
ed; divisions lanceolate, obtuse; spikelets ter- 
minal, compound-panicled. ‘This delicate fern 
was found in great plenty in Granby, by Mr. 
Eastman, a member of the botanical class of 

. Williams College. It generally climbs to the 
height of about 3 or 4 feet. The hydroglosum 

- of Willd. 

LysIMAcHtIA, 30. 


angustifolia (loosestrife. P. y. 2!.) very glabrous, 
branching : leaves opposite and whorled, long- 
linear, punctate : racemes terminal, short divi- 
sions of the corol oblong. 
racemosa (QO. y. Ju. U4.) very glabrous, tallish : 
leaves lance-oval, opposite : raceme terminal, 
“ong, lax : divisions of the corol oblong-ovate, 
Often bears bulbs in the axils of the leaves. L, 
stricta. Li. bulbifera. 


912 LYSIMACHIA, LYTHRUM. 


capitata (C. P. y. J. %.) glabrous: stem very | 
simple, punctate : leaves opposite, sessile, — 
broad-lanceolate, acute, punctate : peduncles 
lateral, elongated : flowers jn compact heads. F 
L. thyrsifiora. 4 
quadrifolia (O. y. J. 2.) pubescent: leaves sub- — 
sessile, oval, acuminate, punctate : whorled or : 
in nearly opposite pairs, with axillary, 1-flow- { 
ered peduncles: divisions of the corol oval, — 
entire. Near the outlet of the Beaver pond — 
(New-Haven) I found this species with 2, 3, — 
4, 5, and 6 leaves together ; though Linneus al- — 
lows but 4. 
ciliata, (O. y. J. 2.) subpubescent: leaves oppo- — 
site, long-petioled, subcordate-oval, margin 
ubescent ; petioles ciliate: pedicels somewhat 
in pairs : flowers nodding : divisions of the co- 
rol roundish, acuminate, crenate. - 
Aybrida (P. J. 2%.) glabrous : leaves opposite, 
petioled, lanceolate, acute at both ends ; peti- 
oles ciliate: flowers nodding: corol shorter 


than the calyx ; divisions crenulate. j 


ihe te en eb... 


LyTHRuM, 60. | 
salicaria (milk-willowherb. Can, New-England. | 
p- Ju. Y%.) pubescent: leaves opposite and ter-— 
nate, sessile, lanceolate, cordate at the base: 
flowers terminal, whorled-spiked : capsules ob- 
long: stamens always 12. About two feet 
high. 
scnrbicilldioon swamp-willowherb. O. p. Au. 2.) 
pubescent : leaves opposite, or in threes, lance- 
olate, petioled : flowers axillary, corymbed, ag- { 
gregated somewhat in whorls: fruit globose : 
stamens often 10. A small island above Whit-— 
ney’s gun factory (New-Haven) is entirely 
covered with this plant, and the American dod-— 
er. | 


Pte 
J 


‘MAGNOLIA, MALYA.: 913 


M. 
MaGnonia, 67. 


glauca (beaver tree. Cape Ann. C. P. w. J. h.) 
leaves oval, glaucous beneath : petals obovate, 
tapering to the base. Var. latifolia, has obtus- 
ish leaves. Var. longifolia, has leaves acute at 
both ends. ‘Tonic. See Barton’s Veg. Mat. 
Med 


acuminata (cucumber tree. P. b-y. J. bh.) leaves 
oval, acuminate, pubescent beneath: petals ob- 
ovate, obtusish. 

lripetala (umbrelia tree. P. w. J. kh.) leaves large, 
oblong, wedge-obovate, acute, In the young 
state all over silky : petals 9, oval, acute, outer 
ones reflexed. 

graniifiora (big laurel, magnolia, Southern states. 
w. M. hk.) leaves evergreen, oval, thick, leath- 
ery : petals broad obovate, abruptly narrowed 
into a claw. 


Manaxis, 89. 


ophioglossoides (adder mouth. P. M. 21.) leaves sol- 
itary, ovate, clasping : scape 5-cornered: lip 
2-cleft at the apex. 
lilitfoiia (tway blade. O.w. y. p. J. 1.) leaves 2, lan- 
_ ce-ovate or oval ; scape 3-cornered : inner petals 
filiform, reflexed, two-coloured ; lip concave, 
obovate, mucronate. ‘This species is often men- 
tioned as somewhat rare. But I have seen hun- 
dreds in flower at one time along the north side 
of Pine-rock, New-Haven. 


MalLva, ‘77. 


americana (rough pulley. P. y. J. .) leaves 


8i4 - MALVA, MARISCUS. 


ovate, acute, toothed, scabrous : flowers axillary 
solitary, terminal, head-spiked. 
carolimiana (creeping mallows. Southern states. 
r. Ju. @.) leaves 5-lobed or palmate, gash-tooth- 
ed : peduncles longer than the petioles : petals 
entire : fruit villose : stem prostrate. 
rotundifolia (low mallows. O. r.w. J. 2.) leaves 
_heart-obicular, obsoletely 5-lobed, peduncles 
hearing the fruit declined: stem prostrate. — 
_ sylvestris (mallows. E. r-b. J. .-and Y.) stem 
- erect: leaves about 7-lobed, acutish: peduncles 
and petioles hairy. tos sl Suid 
crispa (curled mallows. E. Au. €}.) stem erect : 
leaves angular, crisped : flowers axillary, g¢lo- 
merate. 
moschata (musk mallows. E. 2.) stem erect : 
radical leaves reniform, gashed ; cauline ones 5- 
parted, pinnate, many-cleft : leafets of the outer 
calyx linear. 


. Marcnantia, 109. 


polymorpha (brook-liverwort. O. g-y. Ju. 2.) 
leaves obtusely lobed: the calyx (or umbrella 
under which the flowers are placed) is about 
10-cleft. 

ini oe (P.) calyx hemispheric, 5-cleft. 
stalk or stipe naked at the base. | 

cruciata, calyx 4 or 5-parted, segments tubular. 

cornica, calyx conic, bossed: what appears to be 
staminate flowers are in sessile warts. 

tenella, calyx hemispheric, bossed: the margin 
has a kind of lamellar rays. 


Maniscus, 29, 


ethinatus (hedgehog ‘clubrush. C. Ju. %.) culm 3- 
sided, nearly naked, glabrous: spike ovate- 
globose: spikelets horizontal, 4-flowered : in- 
volucre 3 or 4-leaved + root globose. © 


MARRUBIUM, MEDICAGO. $15 
MArRrRuUBIUM, 69. 


vulgare (motherwort. O. w. Ju. 21.) leaves round. 
ovate, toothed, rugose-veined ; calyx toothed, 
setaceous, uncinate. 


Marrynta, 75. 


proboscidea (unicorn plant. Western siates. w. 
p- y. Ju. @.) stem branching, leaves alternate, 
cordate, entire, villose. Fruit somewhat gourd- 
like, with one long horn. 


MascusLocarrus, 107. 


julaceum (creeping moss.) ascending : leaves 
ovate, acute, nearly as long as the peduncle : 
capsule erect, ovate ; lid conic. 


MATRICARIA, 87. 


¢chamomilla (wild chamomile. E. w.J. ©.) leaves 
doubly-pinnate : scales of the calyx obtusish, 


MeEpgEoLa, 52, 


virginica (indian cucumber. O. y..g. M. %. 
leaves whorled near the middle of the stem, an 


$ together at the top, lance-oval : pedicels ag- 
gregate, terminal. Root white. 


. Meprcaco, 80.. 


sativa (lucerne medick. E. Ju. 4%.) peduncles. 
racemed : legume smooth, cochleate ; stipules 
entire: leaves oblong, toothed. 

lupuiina (hop medick. ¥. A. C. y. J. ©.) spikes 
oval: legumes reniform, 1-seeded : stipules 

entire : leaves obovate : stem procumbent. 

iribuloides (hedge-hog. E. ©.) pesuncis 2-flow- 
ered : legume cochleate, cylindric, flat both 


316 MEDICAGO, MELASTOMA. 


sides, aculeate, conic 2-ways, reflexed : stipules 
toothed : leaves toothed, obovate. 

scuteliata (snait-shell, bee-hive, E, Ju. &-) pe- 
duncles about 2-flowered : legumes unarmed, 
cochieate in an orbicular form, with a convex 
base and flat top: stipules toothed : leaves ob- 
long, toothed. pbs spe ia Piha 

maculata (P. y. Ju. €.) peduncles about 2-flower- 
ed : legumes cochleate, compressed both sides, 
aculeate, subulate, arched : stipules toothed 
leafets obcordate, toothed, spotted, 


MreEsiA, 108. 


My t 


longiseta (net-tooth moss) having a very long awil. 
MELAMPYRUM, 7 1. 


americanum (cow-wheat. O. y. Ju. @.) slender’ 
lower leaves linear entire ; floral ones lanceo- 
late, toothed behind : flowers axillary, distinct. 
lai es C.) leaves broad. I have no descrip- 
ion of this species, nor a specimen. 


MELANTHIUM, 52. ane’ 

virginieum (black flower. C. P. g-p. J. %.) pani- 
cle pyramid-form : petals oval, subhastate, flat, 
With 2 spots : flowers mostly perfect. Flowe 
at first greenish-white, afterwards turn to dark 
‘brown. | acest 

vacemosum (bunch flower. P. w. J. 2.) panicles 
racemed above, pistillate : petals roundish, hav- 
ing claws, undulate-plaited, hardly spotted, 
hirsate outside. 


‘fa % 


- Metastoma, 56. 


prasiua (North America, Per.) leaves S-nerved, 
entire, broad-lanceolate, glabrous ; panicles 
terminal, spreading. | 


MELIA, MELOTHRIA, 31? 


Mexia 3 5 6. 


axeda b ad tree. E. kh.) leaves doubly-pin- 
n ag Mee smooth, ovate, toothed. wm 

triflora (Whitehills. Au.) villose : panicle coare- 
tate: glumes 3-flowered, ~~ a small accessa- 

_ry appendage : florets awned. A new species 
a ayered Ey Dr. Bigelow. 


-' 
7 


_. MEtIca, 31. 


speciosa (melic grass. P. J. kh.) panicle 1-sided « 
branches of the panicle solitary, 3-flowered : 
Pte ee 


‘ 


MELILOTUs, 81. 


officinalis (melilot. A. P. w. J. ©. or 3.) stem 
erect : leaves obovate, serrate : spikes axillary 
panicled; legumes 2-seeded, rugose, acute? 
a Brows wild about Albany. 


 Mettssa, 69, 


officinalis (balm. EK. w. b. Ju. %.) flowers whor!- 
ed half way around, subsessile : bracts oblong, 
- pedicelled : leaves ovate, acute, serrate. 
nepeta (calamint. P. r. b. S. 2%.) peduncles axil- 
_ lary, many-flowered, dichotomous-corymbed : 
-Jeaves ovate, obtuse, sub-serrate, somewhat gla- 
- .brous : stem, subhirsute : teeth of the calyx 
about equal, glabrous. | 
Frey) } i}, . 


* 
- 


Metoruria, 97. 


pendula (creeping cucumber. P. y. J. &.) leaves 
subreniform, lobe-angled ; terminal lobe equals 
‘ ling the rest : aay eyiniktes ovate, 


VuOTEsYS 


$18 MENISPERMUM; MENZIESIA, 


wie Tan 
MENISPERMUM, 100. 
canadense (moonseed, Y. N. H, A: C. P. w-y. Ju 
h.) stem climbing : leaves Subcordate, round- _ 
angled, peltate with the petiole near the base. — 
Though this plant is common in New England ~ 
and New-York, itis rarely found in flower. 
éirginicum (P. w. J. kh.) leaves lobed, cordate; 
pubescent beneath, subpeltate. | 


MENTHA, 68. — 


viridis (spear mint. O. w. J. U.) spikes oblong. 
interrupted : leaves lanceolate, naked, serrate, 
sessile : stamens longer than the corol. 

“piperita papparnaeala E.p. Au. 7.) spikes obtuse, 
interrupted below : leaves subovate, somewhat 

_ glabrous, petioled: stem glabrous at the base, 

gracilis (slender mint. P. w. b. Ju. 2.) flowers 
whorled : leaves lanceolate, subsessile : stem 
branching, erect : calyx at the base and pedi- 
cels, glabrous. . ? 

borealis (northern mint. O. w. Ju. 2J.) ascending, 
pubescent, leaves petioled, lance-oval, acute at 
both ends : flowers whorled : stamens exsert. 

canadensis (Can,) flowers whorled: leaves lan- 
ceolate, serrate, petioled, pilose ; stamens equal- 
ling the corol, | 


MENYANTHES, 38, 
trifoliata (buck-bean. Cc. P. r. J. 4.) leaves ter- 
nate : corols densly bearded above. In stag- 
went waters. | 
Menyanthes, see Villarsia, 
MENzinsIA, 54,0 


roerulea (mountain heath. Whitchills. r. Ju. » -) 


~MENZIESIA, MIKANTA. 319 


- feaves scattered, crowded, linear, obtuse, car- 
tilagenous-toothed : peduncles terminal, aggre- 
gate, 1-flowered ; flowers bellform 3 calyx 
acute. Decandrous. Very small. 

globularis (P. p-y. M. hk.) leaves lanceolate, 
glaucous beneath, pubescent on the outer nerve : 

. cick 4-cleft ; flowers globose. About 4 feet 

. hig 


MeERrvtIts, 117. 


cornucopioides (veined toadstool) dull cinnamon, 
_lobed, curled : vein running down to the root : 

_ stem grooved. 

infundibiiformis, grey mouse-colour, funnel form : 
veins s fay stem compressed hollow. 

cantharellus (W.) yellow, becoming hollow, with 
an irregular, curled margin : veins decurrent : 
stem solid. 


MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, 63, 


o) mer (ice plant. E. w. Au. &.) branching: 
aves alternate, ovate, papillose : flowers ses- 

sile : calyx broad-ovate, acute, retuse. From 
_ Greece, 


MEspPItvs, 62, 


_ germanica (medlar. E. hk.) leaves lance-oyate, 
downy beneath : flowers sessile, solitary. 
- —pyracantha (evergreen thorn. New-Jersey.) leaves 
-evergreen. I have no specific description of 
this plant. 


MIKANIA, 84. 


scandens (climbing thoroughwort. P. Y. H. C.w 
Au. Y.) stem glabrous, climbing : leaves cor 
date, repand-toothed, acuminate, lobed, divar- 
icate, unequal ; flowers corymbed, 


320 MIKANIA, MIRABILIS, 


melissaefoha (P. w. p. S. Y.) pubescent + stem 
erect: leaves ovate, crenate, sessile, pubescent 
beneath ; corymbs terminal. | 


Peck X 4 
Re tnibbttentcy. 
ah 7 ."3 


Th, 
2 ‘Jes MLS 


Ms — 
Mixtum, 30. a. 


nigricans (african millet. E.) flowers panicled, 
crowded : valves of the calyx shining, becom- 
ing black : leaves ensiform, very long. 

effusum (common millet. E.) flowers in whorled 
panicles, dispersed, awned. |. | 

ciatum (millet grass. New-Jersey. ©. Ju.) bran- 
ches of the panicle solitary ; alternate; pubes- 
cent, erect : leaves with hairy nerves and cil-. 
iate margins: roots granular. Dr. ‘Torrey 
says this is the M. amphicarpon of Pursh. 


Mimosa, 76: 


sensitiva (sensitive plant. E.) prickly : leaves 
pinnate ; the leafets in pairs, inmost ones mi- 
nute. : : c : ; y 

Ce 


Mimuuuvs, 72. die”. eto 


ringens (monkey flower. O, b. Ju. 2.) erect, gla- 
brous : leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, 
_serrate: peduncles axillary, opposite, longer 
than the flower: teeth of the calyx acumi- 
nate. rie 5 Vat aeee be 
alatus (C. P. b. Ju. 2%.) erect, glabrous : leaves 
petioled, ovate, acuminate, serrate : peduncles. 
axillary, oppe.ite, shorter than the flower : 
stem winged at the 4 corners. tabla 


MiRaABinis, 41. 


jalapa (four o'clock. E. 1. ys Ju. 2.) flowers 
heaped, peduncled; leaves glabrous, 5» 
4 Hi jus ldo olaade > 


MITCHELLA, MNIUM, 524 


, MITCHELLA, 34. 
repens (partridge berry, checker berry. O. w. J.) 
stem creeping ; leaves roundish, 


MrITELLA, 58, 
hylla’(currant-leaf. O. w. Ap. 2%.) leaves cor- 
a eite, sowie lobute dentate : cite 2-leaved. 
prostrata (Can. w. M. 2.) leaves round-cor- 
date : stem prostrate, leafy. 
reniformis (Vermont. w. J. ¥.) leaves reniform, 
repand, ciliate: scape naked. 
cordifolia (P. Ww. Uf.) leaves round-kidney-form, 
~ somewhat doubly-crenate : scape setaccous, 
elieney = MPP amg awy ot aK 


Mwyivum, (108, 


ventricosum (pricked-tooth moss) branches as- 
cending: leaves lance-ovate, serrate at the 
top: capsule inflated, pendulous: lid convex, 
bossed. 
hornium, simple: leaves lance-oblong, tooth-ser- 
rate, peduncle curved : capsule ovate drooping : 
_‘jid conic obtuse. 
marginatum, simple: leaves lance-ovate, acute, 
‘serrate, thickened at the margin: capsules 
ovate, drooping: lid conic, pointed. 
-cuspidatum, simple: leaves ovate, awned, serrate, 
_ capsule ovate drooping : lid hemispheric. 
punctatum, nearly simple : leaves obovate, obtuse ; 
entire, remote: capsule ovate, drooping: lid 
cuspidate. 
roseum, simple, proliferous : leaves ovate, pointed, 
clustered, stellate, serrate at top: capsule ob- 
long, drooping : lid convex. 
heterostichum, erect : divided leaves pointing one- 
way, 2-rowed, oblong obtuse, serrate at top: 
c apsule oblong, inclined ; lid bossed, 


322 - MNIUM, MONARDA, 


Remark. Muhlenberg places our Bryum conoi- 
deum and palustre under this genus, ; 


MoLiveo, 38. 


werticilata (carpet weed. O. w. Ju. ©.) ‘stem 
subdivided prostrate : leaves in whorls, wedg- 
form, acute: peduncles 1-flowered. \General- 
ly grows in gardens among purslain,. . -_ 


Momorpica, 9%.» 


balsamina (balsam apple. E. S. &.) pomaceous 

_ frnit angled, tubercled : leaves glabrous, 
spreading, palmate. * taps id 

éechinata (P. w. Au. ©.) pomaceous, fruit 4-seed- 
ed, roundish : setose-echinate : leaves cordate, 
_5-lobe-angled, acuminate, entire. Pn 


Monarba, 27. f 
didyma (mountain mint. C. P. W?.r. J. 2%.) 
somewhat glabrous : heads large, proliferous : 
outer bracts coloured, large, oblong, acuminate 
subentire : calyx and corol long : leaves broad- 
ovate, subcordate, acuminate, serrate, rugose ; 
_ serratures mucronate-: stem glabrous, 
kaimiana (oswego .tea. Oswego county. r. %.) 
thinly hirsute ; heads large, simple: outer 
bracts. coloured, lanceolate, slender :. ~ il 
and corol pubescent : corols very long: leayes 
oblong tapering, serrate, having thin scatter- 
ed rough hairs all over : stem sharp-cornered ; 
stem and petioles ciliate hairy. sipistorees 
clinopedia (Can. P. y. p. Ju. 2.) glabrous : heads 
small, simple, terminal: outer bracts broad- 
ovate, acute, entire, smoothish: calyx ciliate, 
short : corol pubescent, slender : leaves ovater 
oblong acuminate, serrate, a little hairy : ‘stem 
obtuse-angled, glabrous, 


MONARDA, MONOTROPA, $28 


éiliata (P. p. Au. 2.) hirsute: flowers small, 
whorled : bracts ovate, glabrous, veiny, ciliate 
equalling the calyx ; leaves ovate-oblong, ta- 
pering, sub-sessile, serrate, subpilose: stem 
acute-angled ; hirsute. 
oblongata (H? P. W? rv. Ju. 2.) hirsute: head 
simple : outer bracts ovate, acute : calyx short, 
~ bearded in the throat, teeth spreading: stem 
obtuse-angled, hirsute above. M. allophylla. 
fistulosa (P. Can. p. Ju. 24.) hirsute with scatter- 
ed hairs: heads simple, proliferous, leafy : out- 
er bracts oblong, acute, glabrous : calyx long, 
~ Dearded: corol hirsute, of middling length : 
leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate : petioles long, 
ciliate : stem glabrous, obtuse-angied. 
réigosa (Can. w. Ju. 2.) smoothish : heads sim- 
ple, middling size : outer bracts oblong: calyx 
* smoothish : leaves ovate, subcordate, acute, ru- 
gose, glabrous : nerves coloured and pilose be- 
neath : stem acute-angled, hirsute. 
punctata (C, P. y. J. U4.) smoothish : flower 
middling size, whorled : bracts lanceolate, ner- 
ved, coloured, longer than the whorls: leaves 
Yance-oblong, remotely serrate, glabrous : stem 
obtuse-angled, with whitish down. 
pilosa (C. J.) pubescent: heads lateral, slender- 
~ Jeaved: outer bracts linear, ciliate : corol pu- 
bescent : leaves lance-ovate, obtuse, subentire. 
7 faa A new species discovered by Mr. Le 
- Conte. 


‘Monzama, 119. 


enespitosa (bead fungus.) branched : spikes ter- 


2 Monorropa, 58. | 
hypopithys (yellow beech-drops. Can. P. y. J. 1.) 


scape spike-flowered : scales and flowers glab- 
rous outside ; lateral flowers octandrous. 


324 MONOTROPA, MORUS. 


lanuginosa (bird’s nest. O. y-w. Ju. %.) scape © 


spike-flowered : bracts and flowers all over 
woolly. ee ee 

uniflora (beech drops. O. w. J, 2.) stem 1-flower- 
ed ; flower nodding at first, at length erect : 
scales of the stem appre Whole plant 
ivory white at first. Dr. Bigelow’s morisoni- 


7 _ 


ana is undoubtedly this species. hea gno- 
ts the 


sis given by authors would very naturally 
him into this error. But the morisoniana 
grows only ‘in the southern states. ‘Torrey. 


procera (A. r-y Ju.) scape purple, very tall, many- 


flowered ; flowers lateral and terminal, nod- 
ding ; peduncles filiform longer than the flow- 
ers : lanceolate scales below, none above. A- 
bout 2 feet high, with the flowers in a terminal 
raceme. Found at Greenbush, by Mr. Edwin 
James ; named and described by Dr. John Tor- 
rey. BD 


MorELuits, 118. 


impudicus (morrel. O. y.) obtusely-conic, margin 
crenulate, top perforated ; stem with a volva 
at the base. Fae IO 

esculentus (eatable morel. O.) ovate, cellular, mar- 
gin attached to the stem : plaits undulate, grow- 
ing to cach other. p : 


Morus, 92. 


alba (white mulberry. E. M. b .) leaves heartform 


with oblique base, ovate or lobed, unequally ser- | 


rate, smoothish. From China and Persia. _ 
nigra (black mulberry. E. Ju. h -) leaves cordate, 
ovate, or sub-5-lobed, unequally toothed, sca- 
brous. From Persia. ; 
rubra (P. M. ».) leaves cordate, ovate, acumi-. 
nate, or 3-lobed, equally serrate, scabrous, soft 
hairs beneath ; pistillate spikes cylindric, — 


¥ 


MUCOR, MYOSOTIS. $25 
Mucor, 119. 


mucedo (common mold. O. b.) aggregated : head 
spherical, on a long stem ; bursting when 
brought from a damp place into the sun’s rays. 


MvunLENBERGIA, 31. 


iffusa (dropseed-grass, Y. C. P. J. 4.) culm 
| branching ; branches and leaves gla- 
brous ; panicle compact: calyx 1-valved. 
erecta (woods dro -grass. W.C. P. Ju. %.) 
culm strong, simple ; culm and leaves pubes- 
cent : panicle lax: calyx 2-valved ; awn long. 


- Myaeroum, 73. 


perfolintum (gold of pleasure. E. ©.) silicle ob- 
cordate, suberose, spongy ; lower part 1-celled, 
fertile, upper part 2-celied, barren : leaveg 
clasping. 


Mryosorits, 37. 


scorpioides (scorpion weed. C. P. M. ¥.) seeds 
smooth : calyx suboval, glabrous, about as long 

as the tube of the corol: stem subramose : 
Icaves lanceolate. 

virginiana (W. C. P. w-b. J. ©.) pilose: seed 
prickly-bearded: leaves lance-ovate acuminate : 
racemes divaricate. Flowers small, leaves 


large. 

urvensis (C. A. P. w-b. J.©.) seeds smooth : calyx 
oval, acuminate, very hirsute, ionger than the 
tube of the corol: stem very branching: ra- 
cemes conjugate: leaves lance-ovate. Flow- 
wyula (W, C. A. C 

ap (W. C. A. Can. b. Ju. &-) hispid : seeds 
prickly, bearded : leaves linear-oblong : stem 
stiffly branched. e | 

c 


326 MYRICA, MYRRUIS, 
Tri . 
Myrica, 98. ' al 


erie (sweet gale, P. Cy. a Hi Plainfield, ‘Mowai 
M. kh.) leaves wedge-lanceolate, obtuse, ser-— 
_. vate at. the ape. x: stami aments imbricate ;_ 
scales acuminate, ciliate: fruit in a scaly head} ; 
Very abundant at the margin of Crooked lake” 
in Plainfield. : 

eerifera arab gel H. Y. P. g-p. M. h.) leaves” 
w anceolate, acute, with distant serratures 
at — apex : staminate aments lax, scales” 
acute : fruitsmall, globose, covered with a whit-_ : 
ish wax, in a mealy state. This is the bay- 
berry tallow, whichis obtained by melting iG . 
off in hot water. 

caroliniensis (New-England. Pursh. M. h Slee 
wedge-oblong. coarsely toothed: staminate 
aments lax ; scales acute: berries nglohoseyg 
large. Three or four feet high. 

pensyivanica (C. P. M. hb.) leaves oblong acute 
ish at both ends, entire or with afew distant — 
serratures at the apex, margin revolute : stam-_ 
inate aments lax : scales acute: berry globose, 
large. Resembles the last. Lee, 43 , 


MyRioPuyLium, 94. or Sheer . 


erticillatum (water milfoil. C. P. ian Jue md) 
leaves capillaceous, upper ones pectinate-pin- 
natifid ; fiowers all in axillary whorls : lower 
ones pistillate, upper ones staminate or per- { 
fect, octandrous. In stagnantwaters.. 

spicatum (Can. New-Jersey. Ju. Y.). leaves all! 
pinnate, capillaceous : spikes interruptedly — 
naked : flowers staminate, sine thigr ore ‘eo 


? MyRRuis, aby dienes 

obs |) csepnall 

dulcis Pe cicily. 0. w. J. U.). leaves « 
pound, hairy ; leafets pinnatifid-lobed, 


a”? 


At en clan 


wa si bt A 9 fh LPR Oe 


MYRTUS, NARCISSUS. 327 


is still a defect in the description of this plant ; 
though attempts have been made to improve it. 
~* It has been removed to the genera Scandix aud 


bate Without obviating the difticul- 


M oe Mrnrvs, 62. 

perks) 4 ighh, .-S 

‘communis (myrtle. E. w. Ju. k .) flowers solitary : 
+ involucre a-leaved : leaves ovate. 


xsd ity ope ages 
Nara, 9. 


éanadensis elekdseoiiy ithe Gand small, filiform, 
smooth: leaves narrow-linear. 


Pitre 3) Ostler NapabBa, 77. 


laevis (false mallows. P. w. Ju. 2.) leaves heart- 
~§-lobed, glabrous : lobes oblong, acuminate, 
toothed : peduncles many-flowered : capsules 
awnless, acuminate. 2 to 4 feet high. 

-scabra (P. w. Oc. Y.) leaves 7-lobe-palmate, sca- 

- brous : lobes lanceolate, gash-toothed : i 
bracted + flowers dioecious. 


. Narcissus, 49. - 


pseudo-navcissu (daffodil. E. M. 2.) spathe 1- 
flowered : nectary bellform, erect, crisped, 
equalling the ovate petals. Y 

taxetta (polyanthos. E. M. 2.) spathe many-flow- 
ered : nectary bellform, plicate, trancate, 
thrice as short as the petals ; petals alternately 
nguilla. perky art a 

jonquilla (jonqu %.) spathe many flow- 
‘ered ; mack ‘bellform, short: leaves subu- 
late. 

' ' 


498 “NARCISSUS, NEOTTIA 


poeticus (poet’s narcissus. E. 2.) spathe 1-flow- 


ered : nectary wheelform, very short, scarious 
(red) crenulate : leaves infiexed at the margin, 


> 


NARTHECIUM, 51. 


’ 
americanum (false asphodel. New Jersey, y. J. 
U4.) racemes sometimes interruptedly spiked, 
Jax : one cauline bract clasping the pedicel, 
another chaff-bristleform below : filaments with 
short wool. N, ossifragum. oe 


INECKERA, 108. 


pennata, (strait-haired moss.) decumbent, branch- 
ed : leaves 2-rowed, lanceolate, crowded ; cap- 
sule ovate, immersed in the sheath. » 

heteromalla, branched, diffuse : leaves ovate, 


ointed, “oncave, imbricate ; capsules sessile,# 


eaning one way : lid conic. 
gacrapoda, decumbent, branched : leaves some- 
what 2-rowed, lanceolate, rather concave: pe- 
duncles very long : capsules cylindric, erect : lid 
conic. : ; 
‘viticulosa, creeping: branches erect, nearly sim- 
ple : leaves lance-ovate, acute : spread, a little 
undulate : capsule cylindric : lid pyramidal. 


WVectris, see Floerkia. 
‘NELUMBIUM, 67. | 


dutewm akeginer P. y. Ju. 2.) leaves peltate, 

orbicular, entire : corol polypetalous: anthers 
linear above. 7 ites ae 
NEorTtA, 89. we 

aestivalis (summer ladies’ tresses. Y. P. w. | C Ww. 

J.) stem leafy: roots bulbs eblong, aggregate : 

leaves lance-linear: spikes spiral; flowers one- 


NEOTTIA, NICOTIANA. _— 829 


_sided : lip crenate, crisped. N. tortilis. Ophrys 
~ aestivalis. Grows along the banks of the Hoo- 
~ sack, northwest from Williams College. 
eernua (nodding ladies’ tresses. O. w. Au. 2.) 

leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved: stem sheathed : 
spike oblong, dense-flowered ; flowers recurve- 

_ nodding : lip oblong, entire, acute. ‘The high 

- primitive mountains east of Pittsfield, Mass. ex- 

ibit patches, white with these flowers, in Oct. 
~ and Noy. 
pubescens (blood-vein ladies’ tresses. O. y-w. Ju, 
1.) radical leaves ovate, petioled, having col- 
oured reticulate veins : scape sheathed ; scape 
and flowers pubescent : lip ovate, acuminate : 
petals ovate. The checkered radical leaves of 
this plant always attract attention early in the 
spring. | 

2 NEPETA, 68, 
eataria (catmint, catnep. O. b-w. Ju. 2.) flowers 
in whorled spikes : leaves petioled, cordate, 

- tooth-serrate. 


NERIUM, 43, 


‘oleander (rose bay, oleander. E. Au. ).) leaves 
lanceolate, narrow, ternate, ribbed beneath : 
divisions of the calyx squarrose ; nectary flat, 
_tricuspidate. =p diate 

Nicandra, see Atropa, 
SHOT HAT Nicotrars, 38,0" 
SLI 4 ie bd aor iu 
tabacum (virginian tobacco. E. w-r. Ju. &.) leaves 
lance-ovate, sessile, decurrent ; flowers acute, 
rustica (common tobacco. E. Au. @.) leaves pe- 
tioled, gr efeaeutire : flowers obtuse. 
paniculat (small-flowere rf tobacco. Au, @-) leaves 


ee 
-_ 


wad $e 


330 NIGELLA, NYMPHAEA, 


petioled, cordate, entire: flowers ee ohs © 
tuse, clavate, 

: : ¥. ¢ vr : sah 
firemias 66. ROA Gy, PA Vater 
Jetaneatoa! (fennel-flower. E. M. @. ) ri sur. 

rounded with aleafy involucre, | 
sativa (E.) pistils 5 ; capsules muricate, rough | 
leaves subpilose. — 


e $4 


pf ita | 


NoLana, 38. » gisciado sna 


prostrata (E.) stem prostrate : divisions of calyx. — 
triangular-saggittate. 


ay e, 
NupnHak, 65. 


lutea Wier lily. C. P. y. J. 2.) leaves cordate, 
entire, lobes near nti other : calyx 5-leaved : 
stigma repand, with 14 to 20 radiated lines, and 
a deep central hole. 

kalmiana (C. Can. y- Ju. %.) leaves cordate, — 
Jobes near each other, calyx 5-leaved: stigma 
gashed with 8 to 12 radiated lines. Flowers 
small. | 

advena wo. y. Ju. 2.) leaves erect, cordate, en- 
tire : lobes spreading asunder : calyx 6-leay- 
ed: stigma with a slight central depression, 
and 13 radiating lines : pericarp faantiged. 
In stagnant waters. 


_ NYMPHAEA, 64, 


ooraia (pond lily. O. w. Ju. %.) leaves round- 
cordate, entire, subemarginate, lobes spreading 
asunder, acuminate, obtuse: petals equalling 
the 4-leaved calyx : stigma with 16 to 20 radi- 
ating eretish lines. Var. rosea, has the flower 
fates beneath, and the hind lobes af ‘the 
eayes acutish. | . 


han , 
‘—_s 


NYSSA, OENOTHERA. ~— 331) 
mALEP 00 Aue Nyssa; 99, : 


villosa (pepperidge, tupelo. O. y-g. M. hk.) 
leaves oblong, entire, acute at both ends ; the 
petioles, midribs and margins villose : pistillate 
petioles sub-3-flowered : nut short-obovate, 
obtuse, striate. N. multiflora. 
biflora (sour-gum. C. M. bh.) leaves ovate-oblong, 
_entire, acute at both ends, glabrous: pistillate 
peduncles 2-flowered : drupe short-obovate ; 
nut obtusely striate. 


4% [node a 0. 
OBoLARIA, 70. 
virginica (penny-wort. P. r. Ap. 2.) stem sim- 
a : leaves oblong, truncate, fleshy, purple be- 


neath : flowers axillary, solitary, sessile. 


-Ocymum, 70. 


basilicum (asi. E. @.) leaves ovate, glabrous: | 


calyx c 


QENOTHERA, 54. 


biennis (scabish, tree-primrose. O. y. J. 3 -) stem 
_willose, scabrous : leaves lance-ovate, fiat, 
— toothed : flowers terminal, subspiked, sessile : 
stamens shorter than the corol. Phosphores- 
- cent. Pursh. 
parviflora (C. y- Ju. % .) stem smooth subvillose : 
leaves Jance-ovate, flat: stamens longer than 
_ the corol. 
longiflora (P. y. @. or %.~) leaves denticulate : 
stem simple, pilose : petals distant, 2-lobed : 
_ tube of the flower very long : capsule hirsute. 
grandiflora (P. y. Ju. & -) stem glabrous, branch- 
ing: leaves lance-ovate, glabrous ; stamens 
declined. Flowers very large. 


382 OENOTHERA, ONOPORDUM. 


fruticosa (sundrops. C. Y. P. A. y. Ju. 2.) smooth- — 
ish : leaves lanceolate, subdenta te, acute ; cap- 
‘sules pedicelled, oblong-clavate, angled. OR 
muricata (P. y. Ju. &.) stem purple, muricate: — 
leaves lanceolate, flat : stamens ofthe length of — 
the corol. “My . 
pusilla (P. Can. y. Ju. 2.) subpubescent: stem. 
‘small, subsimple : leaves lance-oblong, obtus-— 
‘ish, entire: flowers axillary at the ng 
sules clavate turbinate, about equally 8-sided. 
chrscsantha (dwarf scabish. O. y. J. 2%.) stem 
slender, pubescent: leaves lanceolate, obtus- — 
ish, flat, entire : tube of the calyx but half as 
long as the divisions : capsule clavate, acute- 
angled, mostly sessile. * Mr. Rafinesque has — 
convinced me, that the plant, which Dr. Bige- - 
low calls the Q. pumila, is this species.”” 'Tor- 
rey. We ASGHE ASU UM 


OLDENLANDIA, 35. 


glomerata (round-head. New-Jersey. g-w. M. @.} 
procumbent : leaves lance-ovate : flowers ax- 
illary and terminal, heaped in a head, pedicel- 
led: germs hispid. = 


OnocLeA, 102. 


sensibilis (sensitive fern. W. A. ©, Ju. 2.) bar- 
ren frond pinnate, fertile one doubly=pinnate : 
stem glabrous. 'The leafets alow? Soondiell”® 
each other, on squeezing the stem in the hand. 
struthiopteris Ae Ju. 2.) fronds sinuate, doubly- 


pinnatifid, divisions roundish, — a sid 
ebtusiloba, barren frond pinnate 3° ferti e one 
~doubly-pinnate ; stem scaly, 2 pa 
GwroporpuM, 88.002 


acanthium (cotton thistle. H. p. Ju. $.) scales of 
_ the calyx spreading every way, acuminate ; 


aS > -s 
Posen ON) 


THUNUpIAIE AT Mel) oie 

ONOSMODIUM, ORCHIS. 380 _ 
Teaves ovate-oblong, sinuate, toothed-spinose, 
‘woolly, Dr. Bigelow says, this exotic is now 
naturalized about Boston. “ 


: “Papers? ayy? ; ; : 
OnosMoDIUM, 37. | 
here |< hy t 
hispidum (false gromwell. Y. C. y-w. J. 2.) very 
id: leaves lance-oval, acute, papillose-punc- 
tate: divisions of the corol subulate. Very © 
abundant on the barren plains between Ball’s 
spring and Love’s tavern, New-Haven, 


» OpEGRaPHa, 112. 


macularis (lettered lichen) crust almost wanting : 
simple, roundish, convex, clustered in a 
roundish black sput. m1 


OPpHIOGLOSSUM, 105. 


vulgatum, (addertongue fern. C. P. M. 2%.) frond 
ovate, simple : 3 Ri about aninch long. . 
bulbosum (C. M. 2{.) root bulbous : frond heart- 
ovate, obtuse. : 


Oxrcuis, 88, 
1. Roots oval. 


ciliaris (orchis. C. Y. P. A. y. Ju. 24.) lip lance- 
_oblong, pinnate-ciliate, twice as long as the pe- 
tals: a Yenes r than the germ. i 
blephariglottis (New-Jersey. w. J. 4.) lip lanceo- 
ite, ciliate, of the length of the upper petal ; 
~— longer than the germ. Resembles the 
ast. 
ie beg (P. Can. y. J. 2.) lip 3-parted, divis- 
ons capillary-many-cleft: petals obtuse: spur 
filiform-clavate, ascending, of the length oft the. 
germ. J ad . i 


ne ‘ T2325, i. 7 ait ee 5 28 83: : ATER es ti 

sh 71 AOREHIROMSOD | 
eristata (C.P. y. Js.) lip oblong, pimnate-cili- 
‘ate: petals round, 2 lateral ones toothed : spur | 
eres than ibs erm. a ieee i 
cera (C. Y. H. A. g-w. Ju. Y.) lip $-parted 5 — 
divisions subdigitate-filiform : spur thoat equal i 
ling the germ: flowers alternate. Perhaps — 
\the root is not oval. ies CATT SS fri a ASS Um 

discolor (C. Ju. 4.) lip 3-parted, longer’ than the 
- petals ; lateral divisions short acute; middle — 
one extended, spatulate: spur filiform, about. — 
twice as long as the germ: leaf one, radical, _ 
heart-ovate. | | 

| ibid 

2. Roots palmate. 


flaca(P, y. Ju. %.) lip 3-cleft, entire, middle di- | 
i vision larger: spur filiform, ~ of the length of 
the germ: spike elongated, compact : bracts 
longer than the flower. - | 
tridentata (C. Y. P. w. J. 2.) lip lanceolate, 3- 
toothed at the apex: petals obtuse: spur fili-- 
form,clayate, ascending, longer than the germ. 


s 8. Roots fascicled. oot ; 


Juscescens (Catskill Mt. P. p-y. Ju. 2.) lip ovate, 
toothed at the base: petals spreading: spur 
subulate, of the length of the germ : bracts 
longer than the flowers. | 

. spectabilis (O. r. M. %.) lip obovate, undivided, 
&. crenate, retuse: petals strait, lateral ones long- 
est: spur clavate, shorter than the germ : 
-bracts longer than the flowers: stem leafless. _ 
incisa (C. P. w-p. Ju. %.) lip 3-parted, divisions 
wedge-form, gash-toothed, middle one emargi- 
nate : lateral petals obtuse, subdentate ; spur 
subulate, ascending, of the length of the germ. 
Very tall. ah mbar 
rotundifolia(P w.J. 2%.) lip 3-cleft, intermediate 
divisions 2-cleft : spur shorter than the germ, 
leaves round-oval. 


~~ Le! e 


.) ORCHIS, ORNITHOGALUM. 335 


fimbriata (W. C. HL Y. p. Ju. 2.) lip 3-parted : 
_ divisions wedge-form, ciliate-fringed : lateral 
etals ovate, toothed : spur filiform, clavate, 


~~ longer than the germ. 
‘sdbientata (W.C. A.P.g-w.J. 2.) lip linear, entire, 
. obtusish : petals 3, upper ones converging, 2 
» lateral ones spreading, at the base oblique: spur 
longer than the germ: scape with 2 flat, fleshy, 
» shining, orbicular leaves at the base. Very 
- abundant near Williams Uallege. 
fissa(P. p. Ju. 4.) lip S-parted ; divisions wedge- 
. form, toothed, intermediate one 2-lobed : spur 
filiform, clavate, ascending, longer than the 
germ. ‘Tall. , 
dilatata (giant orchis. W. w. or g. J. 2.) spur 
shorter than the germ : lip entire, linear, with 
the base dilated, of the length of the spur: 
» bracts of the length of the flower : stem leafy. 
. This species grows in great abundance along 
the north side of the Hoosack, near Williams 
College. In the mountains along Whiteoak 
creek, the flowers are green; in the open 
.)meadows, white. It may be found in flower 
from 1 to 4 feet high. 


ORIGANUM, 70. 


. * ie ; 
vulgare (wild marjoram. Y. A. P. r. Ju. 2.) 
spikes round-panicled, heaped: bracts ovate, 
longer than the calyx. | 
-majorana (sweet marjoram. E. k .) spikes round- 
.. ish, ternate, compact, peduncled : leaves pe- 
tioled, oval, obtuse, smoothish. From Pales- 
tine. — A : s wos 
abois wl ie . 
papier . ORNITNMOGALUM, 51... 
ire. + Ose thas : vis ‘ 
m (star-of-bethlehem. E. M. 2{.) flow- 
ers corymbed, peduncles higher ; filaments di- 
~ lated at the base, + parlor 


efii low ; : ' 


336 OROBANCHE, ORTHOTRICHUM. 


OROBANCHE, 71. 

wirginiana (false beech-drops, cancer-root. O. y-p. 

f Tn. %.) stem very branching: fiowers alter- 
nate, distant: corol 4-toothed. Flowers small. _ 
The whole plant is yellowish white, and of a — 
naked appearance. | | 

uniflora (squaw-root. O. p-w. J. %.) scape naked 
1-flowered : calyx without bracts: corol re- 
curved. About 3 inches high, of a yellowish 
white colour. ‘This plant does not agree with 
its generic characters. ‘The calyx is 5-cleft, — 
no lobed lateral leafets. 'The description ought 
to be improved. 49" 

americana ip. p-y- Ju. 2%.) stem simple, covered 
with imbricate lance-oval scales: spike ter- 
minal, glabrous: corol recurved : stamens ex- 
sert. About a span high: brownish yellow. 


ORONTIUM; 51. 


tsa} 

aquaticum (floating-arum. Y. P. C. y. M. Y.)_ 

leaves lance-ovate : spike cylindric, on a 

scape. Very plentiful in the west meadows, 2 
miles from New-Haven. is 


ORTHOTRICHUM, 107. 


anomalum (curve-hair moss) branched : leaves 
lanceolate, carinate, rather obtuse, revolute at 
the edges : calyptre hairy, toothed at the base. 
Peristome sub-simple. ; oa 
striatum, branched: leaves lanceolate, acute, 
_ carinate, spread: calyptre hairy. ~ 
crispum, branched : leaves lance-linear, recurv- 
ed and waved when dry : petals longer than 
the leaves, thickened at the top: calyptre hai- 


ry. 


MUNVMATONTSS ARIAS 


ORYZA, OXALIS. _ 337 
Onyza, 51. 
aS 
sutiva (rice. cE. ®.) culm jointed ; leaves Bad 
, ing ¥ panicle terminal. 
Time iy tae 30 


Oryzorsi s, 50. 


ia. peaidiain rice. Y. P. N. Au. 24.) culm 
A vst leaves rough. ¥ 


Z £ te Osmunn A, 104. 
Ugiio modus vob 
penemomes (flowering hay O. y. J. yu.) frond 
aie pinnatifid ; fertile ones distinct and 
-racemed. 
mn Pbk ie (O. g-y. J. 2:) anion leafets on the 
with the fertile ones, above and below 
and sometimes among them. 
spectabilis (P. r-y. J. -Y. ) frond doubly pinnate ; 
leafets sharp serrate. 
regalis (O. v-y. J. uf.) frond bipinate, terminat- 
ing in several racemes ver y branching and 
without hairs. Are these two last species the 
same ? 
‘. 
Ostrya, 95. — 


virginica (iron-wood, hop hornbeam. O. g-M.%.) 
leaves ovate-oblong, subcordate, acuminate, un- 
~ equally serrate : strobiles oblong-ovate, erect : 
buds acute. 

- 


Ox ALIS, 59. 


ian (woodsorrel. C. W. P.w. r. M. 15 
stemless : scape 1-fiowered, longer than the 
leaves: leaves ternate, broad-obcordate with 
rounded hind lobes. 

‘violacea (violet Tr A.C. p. J. 3.) stem- 


te 


ast - OXALIS, OXYCOCCUS. 


less : scape umbelliferous ; pedicels subpubes= 
cent: flowers nodding : leaves ternate, obcor- 
date, glabrous : divisions of the calyx callous 
at the apex : styles shorter than the outer sta- 


mens. 

dillenii (yellow woodsorrel. 0? y. J. €&.) hirsute : 
stem leafy, erect, rough-haired: peduncles | 
umbelliferous, longer than the obcordate, ter- _ 
nate leaves: petals emarginate. 

$tricta (yellow woodsorrel. 0? y. J. @.) all over 
hirsute : stem erect, branching : peduncles 
umbelliferous, shorter than the petioles : leaves _ 
ternate, obcordate : petals obovate: styles of 

_ the length of the inner stamens. Will not the 

common yellow woodsorrel agree with both of 
these descriptions ? — 

corniculata (C. P.y. M. ©.) all over pubescent : 
stem branching, diffused, or procumbent : pe- 
duncles umbellate, shorter than the petioles : 
leaves ternate, obcordate : petals wedge-form, 
erose at the apex ; styles of the length of the in- 
ner stamens. 


Oxycoccus, 53. 


palustris (low cranberry. P. Catskill Mt. Can. 
r. J. h-) creeping : leaves oval, entire, mar- 
gin revolute, subacute, glabrous, becoming 
white beneath : pedicels elongated: divisions 
of the corol oval. tive 
macrocarpus (cranberry. O. r. J. bh.) creeping 
stem ascending ; leaves oblong, entire, flattish, 
obtuse, glabrous, becoming white beneath : 
edicels elongated : divisions of the corol 
anceolate. 
erythrocarpus (P. J. ».) erect : leaves oval, acu- 
Minate, serrulate, ciliate: pedicels axillary: 
cerols long, at length revolute. a 


PANAX, PANICUM. $49 


P, 
Panax, 44, 


trifolia (dwarf ground-nut. W. C, P. A. w. 4.) 
» Jeaves in threes, ternate or quinate ; leafets ser- 
* rate, lance-oblong, subsessile ; root tuberous, 
roundish. Styles generally three. Root round- 
’ tuberous, and very deep in the earth in propor- 
~ tion to the size of the Nant. 
guinquefolia (ginseng. W. C. P. A. N. w. M. 2.) 
root fusiform: leaves ternate, quinate : leafets 
oval, acuminate, petioled, serrate. Larger than 
the last, 


PaxEonta, 65. 


officinalis Shag E. r. J. 2.) leaves decom. 
pound ; leafets lobed, lobes broad-lanceolate ; 
capsules downy. Improperly called pina. 


Panicum, 30, 


erus-galli (barn grass. O. Ju. ©.) spikes alternate 
and in pairs, thick, squarrose : glumes hispid, 
‘awned: rachis angled ; sheath glabrous. 
glaucwm (foxtail panic. O. y. J. ©.) spike ter- 
ete : involucels 2-flowered, fasicle-setose : seed 
- transversely rugose. Var. laevigatum, has glab-. 
rous leaves and sheaths. 
italicum (C. P. Ju. ©.) spike terminal, cylindric, 
nodding, compound, interrupted near the base ; 
' pachis and peduncles pilose: bracts a little 
longer than the calyx, hispid upwards. 
viride (C, P. Ju. ©.) spike terete, subcompound, 
nodding, undivided: involucels (bracts) 10 
to 15, setose, soft : seeds nerved. he rachis 
is hirsute below the spike, furrowed and many- 
cornered, 


340 PANICUM. 


capillare (QO. S. €-) panicle capillary. very ~ 
branching, lax: flowers minute, all pedicelled, 
solitary, oblong-ovate, acuminate, awnless : 
feaves and sheaths very hirsute. The rachis | 
is angled. Branches of fhe panicle are oppo- — 
site and alternate, jointed at the base ; branch- | 
Jets ternate, nodding. . . 
virgatum (O. Ju. Y.) panicle very branching, © 


_ wand-like : glumes ovate, acuminate, awnless, _ 


- 2-flowered : leaves very long, flat. The ra- 
chis, or main peduncle is coloured. Lower 
branches of the panicle are whorled, the others 
solitary. : 

luiifolium (QO. J. 2!,) panicle moderately spread- 

Ing: glumes ovate, acutish, subpubescent : 
leaves lance-ovate, clasping the stem with the 
base aboye the sheath, glabrous, broad ; sheath 
na. The leaves vary in breadth ; but the 

roadest are lance-cordate. and enclose most 

of the few-fiowered panicle with the sheath 

when young. Willdenow calls this the Var. 
clandestinum. Muhi. makes it a new species. 

pitulum (O. Ju. 4.) panicle capillaceous, branch- — 

ing: glumes striate, pubescent: seed shining: — 

leaves somewhat distant, lance-linear, bearded 

_ at the neck of the sheaths : stem glabrous. 

scopariuin (C.P.J.Y.) panicle erect. compound, se- 
taceous branched; glumes obovate, pubescent : 
leaves lanceolate villosc. The sheaths are 
soft, and when young, glutinous. ‘The lateral 
panicies are partly concealed. 

hispidum (C.) sheath hispid, striate: spike com- 
pound, nodding ; spikelets alternate, oblong, 
awned : rachis pilose, scabrous: calyx 3-valy- 
ed ; one very small and mucronate, the others 
neryed, hispid, awned. . 

geniculatum (C. P. S.) culm glabrous, dichoto- 
mous, geniculate at the base ; panicle diffuse, 
very branching, dichotomous ; branches joint- 
ed at the base, scabrous, solitary ; Ke at 
thickened or clavate under the calyx, scabrous : 


PANICUM. $41 


" enevalve short, obtuse, sub-3-lobed ; the others 
acuminate, glabrous, 

_ramulosum (C. P. Ju. @.) panicles very small, 
lateral and terminal : glumes ovate, pubescent : 
leaves narrow, shortish, bearded at the throat. 
P. nodiflorum. 

werrucosum (C.) culm with enlarged joints : 

- terminal panicle spreading, lateral ones from 
the sheaths ; branches alternate, solitary, di- 
vided, zigzag, glabrous : calyx 3-valved ;: one 
small acute, two others warty, 3-nerved. 

walteri (C. Can. Ju. @.) spikes alternate, erect, 
solitary, simple : glumes ovate, muricate- 

hispid, awned ; one awn very long: rachis 3- 

_ cornered : sheaths very hispid ; leaves glab- 
rous. Grows near salt-water. 

agrostoides (C. P. Fu. 2.) panicles terminal and 
lateral, branching ; branches distant, in threes, 


_ pairs and solitary, erect when young at length 
horizontal and reflexed, jointed at the base, 
scabrous ; branchlets scabrous, divided, close- 
pressed, pedicels short: leaves keeled, glab- 
rous. 

mnervosum (C.) panicle terminal ; branches nu- 
merous, spreading, glabrous somewhat zigzag : 
calyx unequal, the small one ovate, acute, the 
others acute nerved: leaves scabrous at the 

_ margins, ciliate at the base: sheaths long, 
striate, pubescent at the margin. + 

“pubescens (C. P. J. %-) erect, very branching 

' pubescent : panicles small, few-flowered, lax, 
sessile: glumes globe-ovate, subpedicelled, pu- 
bescent. The branches of the panicle hori- 

zontal, zigzag. 

‘gmacrocarpon (C.) culm erect ; culm and sheaths 
pubescent ; joints naked : leaves broad-lance- 
olate, nerved and glabrous both sides, ciliate : 

anicle subcompound, ramose, glaucous, larg- 
ish, turgid, ovate ; branches pubescent, striate. 
Le Conte. 
| Dd 2 


342 PANICUM, — 


umbrosum (C.) slender, erect, small, glabrous : 
culm purple, joints naked; leaves remotish, 
spreading, lanceolate ; sheaths ciliate: pani- 
cle smallish, simple: glumes ovate, glabrous, 
striate. Le Conte. A newspecies. | | 
angustifolium (C.) culm glabrous, erect, joints » 
naked : leaves glabrous, long-linear ; sheaths 
bearded at the neck: panicle few-flowered, 
long-pedicellied, largish, ovate, glabrous, stri- 
ate. Le Conte. A new species... . .) ss" 
barbatum (C. J.) erect, slender, glabrous ; joints 
bearded : leaves lance-linear, distant, spread- 
ing, short; radical ones lanceolate, with ciliate 
sheaths : panicle sub-compound, racemose, 
glaucous, pubescent, striate. Le Conte. A new 
species. 
Remark. The preceding 21 species have been 
collected in the vicinity of New-York, and ana- 
lyzed by Dr. Torrey. I am indebted to him also, 
forthe descriptions of the species of John Le Con- 
te, Esq. 
verticillatum (P. New-Jersey. Ju. ©.) spikes 
whorled ; racemes in fours : involucres 1-flow- 
ered, 2-bristled ; culms diffuse : leaves with sca- 
brous margins and keeied glabrous sheaths. — 
discolor (P. J. 2{.) panicle terminal, subsimple 5 
branches horizontal, in pairs and solitary, zig- 
zag, glabrous ; florets all pedicelled : calyx S- 
valved, 1-flowered ; one valve minute and co- 
loured : radical leaves abbreviated, those of the — 
culm lanceolate, hairy at the base, margin cris- — 
ned. : 
iiiecboce (P, Ju. 2.) panicles perfectly simple, 
few-flowered, glumes obovate : leaves lance- 
linear, divaricate, glabrous ; bearded at the 
hase and neck of the sheath: stem dichoto- 
mous. ‘Uhe lower joints are hairy, the upper 
ones glabrous. Radical leaves are lance-core 
date, and abbreviated ; those of the culm lance- 
linear, nerved, glabrous, iw 2 


PANICUM, PARMELIA. 543 


depauperatum (P. J. icle terminal, erect, 

Setanta (dcpaantenie) branches in pairs ; 
one abbreviated 1-flowered, the other o-Hlowe - 
ed and twisted : leaves lance-linear, the lower 
ones abbreviated, the upper ones elongated. 

anceps (P. Ju. %.) erect : branches of the panicle 
simple, interruptedly racemed : sheaths two- 
edged, rough-haired below: the perfect flow- 
ers have 2-valved corols, the staminate flowers 
have 1-valved corols. 


Papaver, 64. 


vheas (wild poppy. Y.C. A. N. vr. J. &.) capsules 
glabrous, globose : stem many-flowered, pi- 
ose, with the hairs spreading: leaves gash- 
pinnatifid. This is usually considered as an ex- 
otic ; if it was introduced it is certainly most 
effectually naturalized in many places. 
nudicaulis (Can. y. & .) capsules hispid: scape 1- 
flowered, naked, hispid : leaves subpinnate ; 
leafets lanceolate, lower ones somewhat gash- 


somniferum (opium poppy. E. J.@.) calyx and cap- 
sule glabrous: leaves clasping, gashed, glau- 


PARIETARIA, 92, 


a (pellitory. P. J. €.) leaves lance- 
ob ong veiny, with opake punctures: involu- 
~ cre 3-leaved, longer than the flower. 


PARMELIA, 115, 


1. Frond crustaceous 3 uniform. 

atra (shield lichen) ru -granular unequal, 

whitish-grey : shuelde Clocks at length convex, 

a white border becoming zigzag and cre- 
nulate. 


g44 PARMELIA. 


sophedes, nearly orbicular, granular, oe ey : 
e 


green : shields crowded, fiat becoming a 
convex, black, with a margin somewhat tumid 
entire. / * . 


subfusca, very thin, contiguous, smooth, greyish 


white : shields sessile, scattered, rather con- 
vex, rusty-brown ; margin greyish-white tu- 
‘mid, entire. gE Ts. ee 


dispersa, scattered : unequal, lead gre 
scattered, minute, flattish, brown and black- 


ish ; grey with a raised,whitish, crenulate mar- 

sin. "3 pie ‘¥ iB, 

usa, effuse, thin, mealy, pale-brown : shiel 
a rs With ’ thin otek yao 


pale-brown, with a very 


| gree nish 
border, becoming convex, the mar fates. 


Pe. 


es 


ing. ay as 
erie: ranular, unequal, pale greenish-yellow : 
shields crowded, flattish, brownish and varie- 
gated, with a slightly inflexed irregular brown- 
ish margin. : pati. hs tere 


¢. ee rae 

2. Frond foliaceous, somewhat membranous, 
essed, stellate, more or less imbrica ey fibrous 
eneath. Arete 
‘ehei tere. Fb Faas- 


aquila, cartilage-membraned, somewhat stellate, 


-: shields | 


tawny-brown, paler with dark fibres beneath : — 


segments imbricate, very narrow, many-cleft, 
recurved edges, deflected and broader in the 


circumference : shields dark brown with a pa+ | 


ler crenulate margin. | 
Saxatilis, membranous, glaucous-grey, somewhat 
stellate, roughish, net-pitted, black fibrous be- 
neath : segments sinuate-lobed, imbricate, flat, 
somewhat truncate : shields bay, with a thin in- 
flected pale crenulate margin. : ee 
conspersa (W.) membranous, stellate, glaucous: 
green glabrous, dotted with black ; poem 
and fibrous beneath : segments somewhat 
bricate, flat, sinuate-lobed, cut-rounded-crenate 


BB 


lao 6 


> 


a. F ha 


PARMELIA. 345 


_ central shields bay, with an infiected margin 
_ nearly entire. 
stellaris, membranous, stellate, becoming plait- 
* ted-wrinkled, naked, grey, whitish with grey 
fibres beneath ; segments somewhat linear, 
convex, many-cleft : shields flat, bluish-black, 
at length concave and deep black, with an in- 
flected grey margin. 
aipolia, membranous, stellate, glaucous-grey, 
nearly naked, black-fibrous beneath : segments 
flattish, wavy, broader in the circumference, 
_ cut-lobed, crenate : shields flat, bluish, with a 
swelled inflected white entire margin. 
anthelina, membranous, somewhat stellate, whi- 
abishs black downy beneath : segments flat, 
close-pressed,. naked, nearly lincar, many-cleft, 
_ obtuse, crenate : shields crowded, glaucous 
_ livid-brown becoming blackish, with a thin 
white entire margin. 
pulverulenta, membranaus, stellate, green-brown 
with a grey frost, black-downy beneath, seg- 
_ ments somewhat imbricate, close-pressed, flat, 
many-cleft, rather linear, cyt-crenate, a little 
retuse at top: shields flat, bluish, with a tu- 
mid involute entire margin. 
i Ces nbranous, stellate, olive brown, shin- 
ing, brownish and a little fibrous beneath : 
segments flat, dilated at top, rounded-lobed 
_ wrinkled and dotted : shields olive-brown, with 
an inflected crenulate margin. 
liacea, somewhat membranous, stellate, whitish- 
ms rt a little frosted, blackish-brown with 
black fibres beneath : segments imbricate, 
- vounded-lobed, sinuate-crenate, plaited, zig- 
_ zag: shields brown, with an inflected nearly 
entire margin. 
Scortea, leather-membranous, stellate, grey-white 
__. shining, smooth, finely dotted with black, 
_black-bristly beneath : segments somewhat 
imbricate, rounded-lobed, sinuate-crenate, zig- 


Zag. 


346 PARMELIA: 


caperata, leather-membranous, stellate, rugged- 
plaited, pale greenish-yellow, black-bristly be- 
neath : segments sinuate-lobed, rounded, 
slightly crenate: shields rather central, con- | 
cave, chesnut, with an inflected crenulate mea? 
ly margin. me a | ae 
3. Frond leafy, somewhat leathery, with vague 
lax ane lobes, vil veath. ; 


perlata, somewhat leathery, expanded, g 
green, smooth, black-brown and a litfle 
beneath ; lobes rounded, alittle curled: s : 

3 . P: ss od ‘ ate 
cup-form, dull red. with an entire margin, 
erforata, somewhat membranous, exy nded, 
es black-villose beneath, cut-lobed anc 
inged at the margin: shields funnel-form, at 
length perforated, rust-colour, with an enti 
margili. a 
herbucea, somewhat membranous, ex] 
smooth, bright-green, pale with broy 
beneath ; lobes cut crenate ; shiek 
. . 2 ; Waa: >> 
ish, red-fulvous, with an inflecte 
ire margin. 


g ‘ so 
_- 
ba. 3 


4. Frond foliaceous, gelatinous, varion 


puchra, somewhat fleshy, thickish, greenish-blue, _ 
~~ Jobes somewhat sinuate-rounded, unequal, en- — 
tire, flexuous: shields scattered, pale rust. — 
colour, with a tumid crenulate margin become — 
ing convex and the colour of the frond. 
tremelloides, membranous, thin, lead-colour ; lob 9 re 
cut-sinuate, the segments rounded, eines x 
wavy, entire: shields lateral, slightly pedicell | 
ed, scattered, flat. red withpale margin, = 
lacera, somewhat pellucid,imembranous, glaucous-" _ 
green : lobes rather erect, crowded, torn-ciliate: — 
shields scattered, concave, red with an entire 
pale margin. > fe) oe ee 
nigrescens, membranous, of a single 


‘vert 
2. A 
&. 


z 
4 
> “we te an 


PARMELIA. 847 


ed, ru Red and blistered, dark-green, with a 
~ pounded lobed margin: shields central, crowded, 
. becoming convex, reddish-brown with an en- 
tire border. . “ 
furva, membranous, rugged-plaited, granular 
both sides, ecush-b ack: lobes deformed, 


cut, rounded, wavy-curled, rather folded : 

» shields scattered, flat, black-brown. 
tenax, imbricate, nearly orbicular,glaucus-green 5 
: incumbent, roundish, unequally cre- 


or pa ate-lobed : shields scattered, a lit- 
immersed, concave, with a nearly entire 
aris, nearly orbicular, clustered, black- 
sreen, With central erect anastomatising plaits 5 
- fobes of the circumference cut-crenate : shields 
marginal, top-pedicelled, clustered, dull rust- 
e colour. : . : 

palmata, imbricate, puffed, pale greenish-brown : 
uli somewhat membranous, linear, many 
cleft, somewhat palmate, zigzag, revolute and 
Pr i hf margin: shields scattered, red- 
submarginalis, lax, prostrate, sinuate, curt, 
With | rical nearly margial dark green 


5. Frond leafy, membranous, depressed : segments 
~ linear, somewhat imbricate, vaulted, or inflected, 
is at their tips. 


physodes, glabrous, whitish, black-brown beneath, 
-naked both sides : segments expanded, in ma- 
-ny sinuate divisions, rather convex, a little in- 
 flated at the tip: shields red, with a thin inflect- 
ed sot i 
eolpodes, pale-grey, black spongy beneath: seg- 
~ ments ivarioale; nombewhat sritirdentay in oe 
ny sinuate clefts : shields cup-form, dull brown, 
_ becoming dilated, with an inflected crenulate 


c* 


348 PARMELIA, 


enteromorpha, glabrous, white, black beneath : 


segments somewhat imbricate, lobed, obtuse, 

inilected : shields bay, entire. 

- ~ 

6. Frond leafy, membrane-cartilaginous, tufted : 

_ segments rather erect, linear, tapering ; longi- 
tudinally channelled beneath, sh eins if 


ciliaris, greenish, glaucous-grey, naked and whit- 
ish beneath ; segments branched, Beats a bril- 
lous at their tips: shields terminal, black- 
brown. GE SRE 

leucomela, naked, glabrous, white both sides, 
mealy beneath: segments linear, branched, 
fringed with black on the margin : shields pe- 
dicelled, nearly terminal, flat, bluish-black 
with a white radiate margin, 


+. Frond somewhat leafy, cartilaginous or leathery, 
segments erect or hanging, flat or eylindric-com- 
pressed, pitted, taperings, branched, naked, glab- 
rous. rad avg 


% 


fraxina, somewhat tufted, grey-white, glabrous 
both sides, rugged, pitted : segments flat, erect, 
linear-lanceolate, jagged: shields marginal 
and lateral, flat, pale. 

Jfastigiata, leathery, tufted, glaucous-grey, glab- 
rous, linear-pitted, slightly divided ; segments 


cylindric-compressed, thickened upwards, flat- _ 


topped ; shields nearly terminal, sessile, glau- 
cous-grey. Ps 


palymorphe, tufted, yellowish, glabrous, torn- — 


branched, flats compressed or roundish ; longi- 


tudinal pits and oval warts scattered and ter- 


minal : shields flat, terminal, yellowish. 


chrysophthalma, tufted, orange-yellow, glabrous, — 


jJagged-divided and ciliate: segments erect, 
fits nearly linear : shields terminal, orange, 
radiate. te 


5% 2a : 
Sage en ae ae 4 


PARMELIA, PASPALUM. 349 


%. Frond filamentous, somewhat cartilaginous, 
brnached : filaments nearly cylindric, hanging 
or diffuse. 


usneaides, cartilaginous, glabrous, compressed, 
pale ; filaments hanging, somewhat fibrous, ta- 
ring ; shields marginal, slightly pedicelled, 
at, pale, with a thin entire margin. 
jubata, cartilaginous, smooth, rather polished, 
cylindric, grey and black; filaments much 
_ branched, forked, filiform, the lower axils com- 
_ pressed: shields sessile, becoming convex, 
grey and black with an entire margin. 
chalybeiformis, filaments decumbent, — shorter, 
vaguely-branched, rigid, zigzag, interwoven, 
twisted, pitchy-black. 


> 


PANASSTA, 47. 


palustris (false-plantain, parnassus-grass. C. W. 
A. P. w-p. Ju. 2.) radical leaves cerdate : nec- 
taries many-bristled. ‘The bristles or divis- 
ions of the nectary are terminated by little 
heads, and have somewhat the appearance of 
stainens. 

caroliniana (C. P. w-p. Ju. U4.) radical leaves 
suborbiculate : nectaries 3-bristled. 


PasPatum, 30. 


seiaceum (paspalon grass. P. J. &.) spike single, 
__ slender : glumes round-obovate, glabrous : 
leaves villose : culm setaceous, erect. 
‘ciliatum (P. Ju. 21.) spikes alternate, somewhat 
: _inpairs: bores, somewhat in three rows, pair- 
ed, round-obovate, obtuse, glabrous: leaves 
 lance-linear, serrulate-ciliate : culm decum- 

_ bent. 

aeve (P. J. {.) spikes many, alternate: glumes 

-in two rows, ore glabrous, smooth ; 
: C 


$50 PASPALUM, PEDICT 


Teaves glabrous ; ‘stipules ciliate; ia scom- 
_ presséd : stem suberect. i 
stoloniferum (New-Jersey. Ju. 2 ) spinaetite 
racemed somewhat whorled, spreading : glumes 
- alternate, ovate, serrulate-ciliate, flea trate 
‘versely : leaves short, subcor ate at the base : 
' stem prostrate atitsbase. = “ 


lutea a passion-flower. 
cordate, 3-lobed, obtuse, 
glandless : peduncles axil 


coerulea (blue passion flower Li 
palmate, 5-parted, entire : eae ads 
involucre 3-leaved, entire : threads 
crown shorter than the corol. , 

alata (winged passion-flower, E, Oct. % 
oblong-ovate, subcordate, entire, V 
oles with 4-glands: stipules la 

' serrate : involucre 3-leayed : s 

~ membranaceous. 


PASTINACA, 46,5 


sativa (parsnip. E. Au. % .) leave: Ghnpay 
nate: leafets glabrous. Var. arvensis, | 
subpubescent. This variety is often fou d ns 
situations, which almost prove it to bei indigen- 
ous. 


aid 


PEDICULARIS, 72. 


canadensis (lousewort. O. y-p. M. 4%.) stem sim 
le: leaves pinnatifid, gash-toothed : head: 
' leafy at the base, hirsute : corel with a s 
ceous-2-toothed upper lip : calyx 
truncate. From 4 to 8 inches high ; gent 
- Several stems Erwin from one root, | 


, 


; 


: 


PEDICULARIS, PELARGONIUM. 554 


gladiata (high heal-all. Y, A. C. N. y-p. J. 4.) 
stem simple : leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid, 


toothed: spikes leafy, with alternate florets, 


hirsute ; capsules Jengthened into an exsert, 


(C. Y.y. Ju. 4.) stem branching, tall: 


ord-mucronate form. Often 2 feet high, 


leaves snbepposite, lanceolate, crenate, toothed : 
spikes leafless, glabrous : upper lip of the co- 
rol obtuse: calyx 2-cleft, roundish. From 2 
to 3 feethigh. If I donot misapply these char; 
; actors, this species grows along the west side 
ef ameadow, one mile northeast from Love's 
_ tavern, New-Haven. 
nesupinata, (Can. p, Ju. %.) stem simple, gilab- 
rous: leaves lanceolate, toothed, crenate : 
calyx bifid truncate: upper lip of the corol 
~ acute, 
$ceptrum (P. y. S. Y%.) stem simple : leaves pin- 


 natifid ; repand-crenulate : calyx 5-cleft, crest- 


ris 


ed: corol closed. 
“nie PELARGONIUM, 76. 


1. Nearly stemiess ; root tuberous. 


triste (mourning geraninm. EF.) umbel simple : 


Ca leaves h-haired, pinnate : leafets bi-pin- 


 hatifid, divisions oblong acute. Flowers dark 
een. 

daucifolium (carrot geranium. E. 2.) scape very 

simple: leayes thrice-pinnate, hirsute: feafets 

__ lance-linear. 


2. Leaves simple, not angled. 


edoratissimum (sweet-scented geranium. E. h.) 
peduncles sub-5-flowered : leaves round cord. 


et 
* ate, very soft. 
“a 


7b 


352 PELARGONIUM, PELTIDEA. 
:3. Leaves simple, more or less angled or lobed. “ 


sonale (herse-shoe geranium. E. kh .) umbels ma- 
ny-flowered : leaves hear¢-orbicular, obsolete- 
ly lobed, toothed, with a coloured zone or band 
around near the margin. | ares 

inquinans (searlet geranium. E. k.) umbels ma- 

_ny flowered : leaves round-reniform, hardly 
divided, crenate, viscid-downy. 

acerifolium (lemon, or maple-leaf, geranium. E. 
h.) umbels about 5-flowered: leaves 5-lobe- 
palmate, serrate ; below wedgeform, undivided. | 

capitatum (rose-scented geranium. E. kh.) flow- 
ers eapitate: leaves cordate, lobed, waved, 
soft: stem diffuse. | . 

quercifolium, (oak-leaf geranium, E. h.) umbels 
sub-manyflowered: leaves cordate, pinnatifid, 
crenate: sinuses rounded: filaments ascend- 
ing at the apex. fe. 

graceolens (sweet rose-geranium. E. 4.) um- 
bels many-flowered, subcapitate: leaves pal- — 
mate-7-lobed; divisions eblong, obtuse, mar-_ 
gins revolute. ee a 


PELTIDEA, 115.— 


vernosa, (target lichen) grey, white underneath 
with grey-brown downy hairs: lobes round- — 
ish divergent : targets anterior, marginal, hor- ~ 
izontal, round, brown. “9 
canina, expanded, greyish : whiter with brown- 
ish veins and fibres underneath : lebes oblong, — 
large, broader outwards ; fertile ones coe a 
tered, marginal narrow: targets perpendicu-— 
ne revolute, roundish, anterior, tawny-red- bs 
ish. ; tg 
seutata, expanded, grey, naked and veinless i. iy 
neath: lobes rounded, gash-sinuate, curle : 

the margin ; targets marginal, orbicular, as- 


§ 


e 


« 


cending, anterior, pale reddish. 


. 
4 
4 
d 


*  PELTIDEA, PENTSTEMON. 505 


los, expanded, glabrous, glaucous-green, 
pean Gn beowa fibres" beneath : lobes edad. 
. poss no Bis fertile ones marginal, Ree 
: targets anterior, roundis 
revolute te, eotae. black-brown. 
‘opht SQ, expanded, glabrous, green with brown 


warts, nearly yveinless, with black fibres and « 
~Dluish | stripe beneath; lobes lax, rounded ; 
fertile ones marginal, scattered narrow : tar- 
gets anterior, ascending, round, red. 
hort expanded, glabrous, glaucous-green, 


wn, reticulate with veins beneath : 
rounded ; fertile ones marginal, 
ress : targets anterior horizontal, 
transvers se y ol ong, reddish brow n. 
SANS HD iG aS 
M PENTHORUM, 59, 


a (virginian orpine. O. g-y Ju, ¥.) stem 


a branching at d: leaves lanceolote, subsessile, 
unequally densly serrate: spikes terminal, 
* panich ernate and cymed: seeds biped 
: ae, ped 
ur ys a PENTSTEMON, 75. 
ie xi 


pube sc cens (beard-tongue, W.A.C.P. w-p.J. 2.) 
a re Oh nes leaves serrulate, lance-oblong, 
dy Gpectiles wers panicled : the barren filament 
bearded. from the apex to below the middle. 
Var. latifolia has broad smooth leaves. Var. 
= _ augusti olia has narrow, hairy, obscurely den- 
__, ticulate leaves. From 1 to 2 feet high. 
laevigata (P.. A? w-p. Ju. 2.) stem glabrous : 
leaves. smooth, oblong-ovate, clasping at, the 
base, slenderly toothed, lower ones entire ; flow- 
ers panicled : barren hlament bearded above. 
About 2 feet high. i | es 
Batu yategcin e,2 _ 
Day ceaches oie) ma: + lak seg sort erans hy dnl 
Baek 9.! , TOITo Lis! Pane 


354. PERIPLOCA, PHACELIA. | En 
PERIPLOCA, 43. rn 


graeca (follicle vine. P. p. M. ).) Sowers hiteute 4 
Wave terminal ; stigma with 10 peer 


PETALOSTEMON, 7. mj 


candidum (split flower. P. w. ¥a ue ‘ati)spike cylin- 
oie peduncled: bracts longer than = retin 
: calyx glabrous : leaves er eered wi 


scuttellata (dish fungus.) sessile, flat, TT EY 
buff without ; margin convex, hairy. 

coccinea (scarlet dish. O.) scarlet within and buff 
yellow withoat. 

cinerea, sessile, grey, reflected : margin lobed, 
curled. Binh jit aoe 

gti, stem very shortand nearly anti yel- 3 
ow. bate AAAS EBD Nb oe 

aurea, stem short: gold gellows flat. 

ochreleuca, stem blackish at the base : funnel. ms 
form, leathouy , dusky-ochre. a4 


ay il 


Puaceria, 39. 


hipinnatifida (phacelia. P. b. M. ) erect : heaton 
pinnatifid, divisions gash-lobed : racemes 
mostly bifid, oblong, many-flowered : cevapomy: 
of the corol entire. i 

fimbriata (P. b. M. @.) ascending, eres denies 
sessile, pinnatifid : divisions lanceolate, acute; | ‘ 3 
entire, hispid-pilose above, glabrous ae 3 
racemes solitary ; pedicels elongated = 
sions of the corol sme = ihg 

nareifiora (P. b. @.) diffused, pub 
leaves su 2 mt; pinnatifid : divisions ob 
obtusish, entire : racemes solitary ; ! 
short : divisions of the coro] rourd, entire. 


” PHALARIS, PHASEOLUS. 355 
Pj Puaaris, 50. 


rundinacea (ribbon grass, wild canary grass, W. 
, Y.P. Ju. 2.) panicle oblong, penises: com- 
i t: glumes acuminate, 3-nerved : leaves sca- 
an om at the margin ; sheaths striate. Var. 

picta, leaves variously striped—This varety is 

tet s of the aes | 
canariensis (canary grass. E. ©.) panicle spike- 
form, ‘ovate: glumes of the calyx benedorm, 
entire : corel 4-valved ; outer ones lanceolate, 
glabrous, inner ones villose. - 


ah) : , 
_ Puascvum, 106. 


+ & , 
crispum (earth moss.) caulescent : capsule near- 

ly sessile : leaves lanceolate, aaintet, curled 

when dry. 
patens, caulescent : capsule about sessile : leaves 
~ Jance-ovate, serrate at top, spreading. 
anuticum, stemless : capsule sessile : leaves ovate, 
_ without points, concave, converging. 
serratum, stemless : shoots spreading, branched : 
capsule sessile : floral leaves erect, lanceolate, 
oe _ PHASEOLUS, 79. 
perennis (wild kidney-bean. C. P. p. Ju. Y.) twin- 
ing, wholly pubescent: leaves broad-ovate, 
_ the odd one subcordate: racemes in pairs, 
longer than the leaves: peduncles in pairs : 
bracts obsolete : legumes peduncled. 
helvolus (C. P. yr. @. or 2.) twining, a little 
rough-haired : leafets oblong-oval, subdeltoid, 
btusish : heads of flowers long-peduncled : 
anner short, Wings expanded, large : legumes 
rete-linear. 
zaris (common pole-bean. E. p. w. Ju. ©.) 
em twining : racemes solitary, shorter than 


$56 PHASEOLUS, PHLOX. 


the leaves : peduncles in pairs : bracts: 
than the calyx: Sarena) legumes peaduloys. 
- Fromthe East Indies) 
coccineus (scarlet runner. E,) stem twining : ra. 
cemes in pairs, longer than the leaves: pedun- 
eles in pairs’: bracts obaarees a pendu- 
esjouse- 7 eit 
nanus (bush-bean; incall tvecanes E ©. ) stem 
erect, smooth: bracts larger than the calyx :_ 
legumes pendulous, wae weet — — 
variously coloured. 
¥ tt Aline 
Purcapenenvs, 61. art: ® 
feoheer: lor 
i (mock-orange false syringa. E. w. 
kh -) styles distinct : ; leaves ovate, subden- 
fate From Asia Minor or Greece. 9). 
inodorus (scentless syringa. Southern:states. w. 
J. h.) leaves ovate, acuminate, entire: divis-. 
ions of the calyx acute: style chlong. lowers 
than the stamens ; stigmas 4; oblong | 
large. 
srandifiorus (scentless syringa. Southern itatead 
- w. J. bh .) leaves ovate, acuminate, denticulate : 
axils of the veins with fascicles of hairs be- 
neath: divisions of the calyx acuminate: style 
podiy ided, longer than the stamens : een 
4, linear, 
‘YJ cote a 
-PHLEUM, Sie rts ay Lion 
Ae ee by ie fx aa, ; 
pratense (timothy grass. 0. J- 2. ‘and %.) spi 
cylindric, very long, ciliate : “culm erect. 
: sala 
Putox, ‘89. fut tee = 


panieulata (smooth-stem ich P. rw. J 
2%.) glabrous, erect: leaves lanceolate, né 
rowing gradually, flat, margins co-— 
rymbs panicled: divisions of the 
rounded: calyx awned. 


PHLOX. 357 


pyramidalis (P. p. J. Y.) erect, glabrous ; stem 

- scabrous: leaves heart-ovate, acute : panicle 

 fastigiate, pyramidal ; divisions of the corol 

- wedge-truncate ; teeth of the calyx suberect, 

lanceolate acute. 

maculata, (spotted lichnidia. P. r. w. Ju. 2.) 
erect ; stem spotted, scabrous : leaves lance- 
oblong, glabrous, margins rough : panicle ob- 
long, flowers crowded : divisions of the corel 
rounded ; teeth of the calyx acute, recurved. 

suaveolens (P. w. Ju. %.) erect ; stem very gla- 
brous, not spotted : leaves. lance-ovate, 
smooth : raceme panicled : divisions of the co- 
rol rounded : teeth of the calyx lanceolate, 
acute, erectish. Sweet-scented. 

aristata (P.r. w. J. U.) weak, erect, viscid-pu- 
bescent: leaves lance-linear : panicle lax, fas- 
tigiate ; pedicels somewhat in pairs: divis- 
ions of the corol somewhat obovate; tube 
curved, pubescent : teeth of the calyx long, sub- 

ulate. : 

pilosa (creeping lichnidia. Southern states. p. w. J. 

. 2.)small decumbent, pubescent ;: leaves lance- 
linear, short, roughish : flowers subsessile and 
fascicled at the top: divisions of the corol 
round-obtuse, tube straitish, glabrous : tooth of 
the calyx subulate-acuminate. 

divaricata (P. p-b. M. %.) low, decumbent, pu- 
bescent : leaves lance-oval, upper enes alter- 

_ nate: branches divaricate, lax, few-flowered : 

_ divisions of the corol subcordate : teeth of the 

~~ calyx linear-subulate. 

stolonifera ‘P. b-b. J. 4%.) stoloniferous-creeping, 

_ pubescent : radical leaves obovate-spatulate, 

- cauline ones Jance-oval: corymb spreading, 

_ few-flowered : divisions of the corol obovate : 

_ teeth of the calyx linear, reflexed. 

-subulata (mountain pink. _New Jersey. r. M. 2.) 
_caespitose, white-pubescent : leaves linear, 

| pungent, ciliate ; corymbs few-flowered, pe- 

P. 


338 PHLON, PHYSALIS. 


dicels S-cleft.: divisions. of the Wwedge- 
form, emarginate : teath ot tlt Rig ni 
scarcely shorter than the tube of e.corol, 
setacea (C. rv, J. Y.) caespitose, pubescent 
leaves fascicled, subulate; pun ent, ; 


PHRYMA, 70, 
lepiastachia (lopseed. O. P. w. Ju. 2 ) Teaves 
ovate, coarsely serrate, petioled :_ spike ter- 

' Ininal, slender : flowers opposite. As np fait 


begins to form, it lops down against the ra- 
chis, aii ; ; 

PHYLLANTHUS, 96. _. “VNR eee 

obovaius (leaf-flower. P. J. @.) I ves obovatey, 

obtusish:: flowers in pairs, axillary, pe celled: 


stem erect, branching, terete. Aspanhigh, 


§ 
Puysatls, 4:5 pasties sa 


viscosa (winter cherry. C. P. W 2? y. Ju. Y. leaves 
_ in pairs, beart-oval, repand, obtuse, su itomen- 
. tose: stem panicled above : lruit-bearing cz lyx 
pubescent. a tiaeeall's< ahha 
pensylcanica (P. y. J. 2.) leaves ovate, sul 
pand, obtuse, nakedish : stem. branching 
peduncles solitary, a little longer than the pe 
tioles. : 


piiladelphica (New England, y. p. ke 


ovate, repand-toothed glabrous: stem very 
branching peduncles solitary, much shorter 
_ than the petioles, - i by 
lanceolata (Px. J. 21.) leaves in pairs, lance- 
_ Subentire, gradually narrowing into 


PHYSALIS, PINUS. 339 
vate, pubescent + stem dichotomous : calyx vil- 
nfl ee 
Alkelengi (common winter clierry. E. 2.) leaves 
~ in pairs, éntire, acute ; stem subramose below, 
~ Calyx of the fruit red or reddish. 
; leis Puyronacca, 60- 
decandra (poke weed. O. w. Ju. w.) leaves ovate, 
acute at béth ends : flowers raceined, berries 
fiattened at tlie ends. A good substitute for the 
Ipecac. Sce Bigelow’s Medical Botany. ‘The 
“young shoots, used as a substitute for aspara~ 
" Bus, are an excellent remedy in cases of habit- 
‘ual cestiveness. 


Picris, 85. 


hieracioides (oxtongue. KE, 2. stem erect, sca- 
Sa i leaves epi lanceolate, toothed < 
* flowe jubicor corymbed, . 
deed al 


~*~ Prxvs, 96. 
ae 
4. Leaves solitary, with separate bases. 


_ 

-balsamea (fir tree, balsam tree.0.M. h . leaves flat, 
_ emarginate or entire, glaucous beneath, suber- 
~ ett above, recurve-spreading : cones cylindric, 
erect : bracts abbreviated, obovate, long-mu- 


~ cronate, subserrulate. _ | 

freseri (double spruce. W. N. P. J. ®.) leaves 
“solitary, Bat, emarginate, glaucous beneath, 
~ somewhat one-sided, thick above, erect : cones 
vate-oblong, erect: bracts elongated, refiex- 
, wedge-oblong, emarginate, short mucron- 
te, gash-toothed. I believe this Species grows 
_ in all parts of the northern states, But i had 
“never observed, that this was distinct from the 

: era Sentient summers 


‘ 
360 * PINUS. > 


migra (black spruce. 0. M. hk.) leaves 4-sided, | 

scattered on all sides of the branehlets, e: 
strait: strobiles ovate ; scales oval, witl 
late margins, erose-toothed atthe apex, 

alba (white spruce. 0. M. } .) leaves 4-sided, in-. 
curved: s ss subcylindric, lax: scales ob-— 
ovate, entire. _ Pare ‘ 

canadensis (hemlock tree. O. M. %.) leaves flat, 
denticulate, two-ranked : strobiles ovate, ter- 

’ minal, scarcely longer than the leaves. The 
bark is used in “pr g leather, 


rubra (red spruce, fir. Can. New-England. 
M. }b.) leaves solitary, subulate: strobiles ob- 
long, obtuse: scales rounded, sub-2-lobed, 
margin entire. © a 
#, Leaves in pairs, with the bases bounliltoge 
by sheaths. i | 


resinosa (yellow pine, norway pine, red pine. W. 
Can. A. N. Catskill. M. ).) leaves and sheaths 
elongated ; strobiles ovate-conic, rounded at 
the base, subsolitary, about half as long as the 
leaves ; scales dilated inthe middle, unarmed. 
Bark of a reddish colour and much smoother 
than the rigida and strobus. Often grows very 
tall and strait. 

inops (jersey pine. C. M. leaves short: stro- 
biles oblong-conic, recurved, of the length of 
the leaves: prickles of the scales subulate, 
strait. 

banksiana (scrub pine, grey pine. District 
Maine. M. bh.) leaves short, rigid, divarica 
oblique, recurved, twisted: scales without 
prickles. 3 


, 


58. Leaves in threes, with the bases bound together 
by sheaths. 


ctriabilis (three eave thlovr pine. New-Eng- 


ts s% ‘ 
& at —— ; Bie 
PINUS. 364 
Lh.) part of the w Heares iy pairs, the 
ares, slender, thanncliat Pistrobiles 
i ett solitar y3 : prickles of the scales 


ine. O. M. b ith Ws 


“via paths : iptcinifte ct-incum- 
_ bent: aepbileas ate, scattered’ ; 
_ spines of ‘the scals. reflexed. Though very 
* common, it grows the tentifull y on bar- 


pen Sloss meen | 1851 
erotina (pond pine. rsey.1 h.) leaves 

pein pric kles cales strait and ve- 
ryslender. 4 robab a variety of the last. 

- 

4, Lea nv fix 08, with bases bound ae be y 
| ; See as 


leaves slender; 
ant, esting, 
Hier somewhat 

xl Weymouth pine by the Enalishe 
i “ents of the boards, used in aN 
re of thi$ species. 


be 4 “8. Lewes many in a fascicle. 


Cis 


pendula black lareh, tamarack, hack-matack. 0, 
~ M. b.) leave: duous : strobiles oblong ; 

~~ margins of th inflexed ; bracts guitar- 
~ form with a slender point. 


rlrocorpag red larch. P. Can. M. .) leaves de- 
idu strobiles. roundish, few-flowered ; 
scales reflexed : bracts oval, obtuse, acumin- 
ate. These Itong bal species were considered as 
& ar gia of the same ; but Mr. Lambert prov- 


cares ir epecifie difference by raising them 
the seed. | 


= 


‘gl ms ue 


Pppon larch. | 2.) leaves deciduons : 
ov ate-obid “argins of the scales 
id, tai aia ors orm. 


es 


ad ieee 
= 

362 =. ; PLANTAGO. 
i: Pcl 79. 


pules round and ¢ 
cles many-flowered. -, umbellatu Poonqtet 
pea) has the les 4-cleft, acute. Var. quad- 


Var. humile, (d ea) stem erect, not climb- 


ing: leafets roun 

maritimum (sea pe eae yf.) petioles 
e cumbent: sti- | 

peduncles many-flowered. 


flattish re: ste 
pules fie: iy 

Mr. Rafinesque says, this may b e Vicia | 
mitchilla. Ihave before me s al the 


4 ip 
ratum, mle ae fruit ash-colour, 4-sided. 


latter, collected near New-Yor 
fa mile no 


former, which eye tlle 12 


_ Theyc y APpea Le tle 
dy in some of their generic and sp 
“i, ters, p partictilarly in the pulltdenae of their amg 


mas; though there is a very great eeennyance | 
in their habits. 


PLANTAGO, 34. 


aves ovate, sub- 


° ah 
oe spike 7 


dcunthinkte * scape pe: with 
hairs. 

virginica (dwarf plantain. Y. C. P. r-y. J. 0.4 
whitish pubesence on all parts : leaves lance-— 
ovate subdenticulate : flowers remotish : aod 
angled.. The corol adheres to the - a 50 
closely, that at firs vit appears to 


cordate, (P.N ©. Can. W. 2 H- ) lea 


ey os ae, 


PLANTAGO, POA. 368 


ond ovate, broad, subdentate. glabrous ; spike very 
long; flowers subimbricate, lower ones scat- 
tered = bracts ovate, obtuse. 
Te (New-England, New-Jersey. Pursh. 
Au. ves lance-linear, entire, sub-glab- 
vous: Scape terete, shorter than the leaves : 
spike few-flowered, interrupted : bracts ovate, 
acute, glabrous. 
eucullata ( District of Maine. Ju. 14.) leaves ovate, 
coneave-cowled, 9-nerved, pubescent beneath : 
_ spike cylindric, imbricate : scape tall, terete, 
meadia (P. Wed. 2%.) leaves lance-ovate, pubes- 
cent : spike cylindric; scape terete. In one 
earicly the leaves are hirsute and the ‘spikes 
branching. 
ritima (H. Y. ©. P. Au.%.) leaves fleshy. sub- 
ulate-linear, hairy at, the Base: scape terete, 
libescent: spike» cylindric: bracts. obtuse, 
alt waters a 7 


. 


occidentalise{ button-wood, american planefreec, 
false sy€amore. O. J.) .) leaves quinquangue 
lar, obsoletely lobed, toothed : stem and branch- 
es becoming white. Grows toa greater size 
than any other tree in America. Very fre- 
_,quently hollow, 


~~ 


PoATANUS, 95. Wah ta 2g 


Poa, 32. 


peprcasts (common meadow grass. QO. M. 2,.) pan- 
» icle spread : spikelets about 4-flowered : glumes 
lanceolate, 5-nerved, connected by down : sti- 
pules abbreviated, obtuse. 
compressa (blue grass. O. J. U.) panicle com- 
pact, sumewhat 1-sided, glabrous : culfm com- 
wepressed, hardly erectzflurets angled, connect- 
d-attthe base by entangled hairs Paige of 
panicle in pairs, abbreviated : spikelets 
fe Woabtecine. / R 


« £2 
i (oe 
7 lh 8 


864 POA. 


ate, Seabreus at the keel : corel with the ape 
of the valves yellowish and aS pubescent 
leaves somewhat clasping ; stipules ovate.  ~ 
quinquefida (giant. meadow grass. P. C. W. J. 2/.) 
panicle erect ; lower branches naked beneath: 
spikelets,eblong, alternate, subsessile, 6-flow- 
ered: outer vaive of the florets on the back 4 
beneath, and the margin yillose, and 5-cleft at — 
the apex ? the neck of the sheath and the axils 
ofthe panicle pilose : leaves and the erect culm ._ 
glabrous. It grows three or 4 feet high in wet _ 
' meadows near Williams College. ie 
annua (C. W. Ma &.) panicle spreading : spike: 
lets ovate z:fiorets Yremotish, 5-neryed, fret 
»(@ibera): culm oblique, Compressed. “7 
mervata(C. P. J. U.) panicle equal, diffised™ 
© spikelets ‘ovate, 5-flowered: flowers free, 7- 
nerve, obtuse: culm sulcate, “ae 2 


t 


root a little ereeping. . 
tenella (C. Ju. &.) panicle capillary, somewhat 
whorled : He SAR zigzag : spikelets linear, 
about 6-flowered, pedicelled : flowers oblong, 
acute, minute, glabrous : leaves short, fiat, sub- 
ulate at the apex, glabrous : sheaths bearded. - 
at the neck: culm decumbent. age 
hirsuta (C. P. Ju. 2%.) panicle capillary, Very, 
branching : spikelets scattered, long-pedicell- 
ed, about 5-flowered: fléwers cblong, acute, — 
glabrous : leaves longer than the culm, glab- — 
rous ; sheaths very hirsute : culm thick, erect. 
brevifolia (C. W? P. M. %.) panicle lax ; branch- 
es in pairs, horizontal, zigzag at the apex, or — 
in threes, glabrous: spikelets all pedicelled ; — 
the pedicells jointed at the base : calyx 2-valve 
ed, 5 or 4-flowéred, valves acute: corel” 
one valve keeled, 5-nerved, pibescente 


% 


POA. & 365 


sod leaves epbreviated > 


. P. J. 4.) panicle spread ; branches of 


nthe ne ivided into 4 to 6 

ted : a e spikelets as act- 
inate owered ; glum ceolate 
cee ge een on the keel ; 7 


e abbre- 

d, retuse, crenate, truncate. 

capilltiih'(C. P. Can. J. @.) pancile lax, capilla- 

3 ry ba spreading : spikelets 3 to 5-flowered : 
0 


ovate, acute, pubescent : leaves hairy 
“at the neck : branchi yp 
trivialis (W. P. icle spr 5: e- 


- lets 3-flowered : aoa lanceo d, 
.,bonnected at the base by down : stipules elon- 


emoralis (W? J. 2.) 
der : spikelets lanc 


Ye ‘ ena 
Buernides: (P. Au. at ) panicle Ch on yc 
becomi and Te when old 3; rac 
and b es Zi : branches in pairs ¢ 
altern inte hairy at the base ; bra’ 
lets very short, alternate, terminated by 
oblong spikelets : calyx about 5-flowered, mu- 
ate ; one valve of the corol keeled, mu- .° 
te, 3 to 5-cleft. P. flava. 
itica (Can. P. J. Ye. .) panicle erect, half-;whorl- 
d: branchlets zigzag : spikelets ovate, 5- 
| owered, thick : flowers obtuse, glabrous, 7- 
nerved : culm erect, glabrous, terete. 
Rrcviaden (C. P. Ju. 4 .) panicle spread, capilla- 
_ ry, half whorled, very branching: spikelets 
_ small, about 4-flowered : flowers ro way 


and day es slen- | 
‘ ub-S-flowered 
sti 


acute, delicately striate : leaves two wa 
ceeding the culm, glabrous: stipules lanceo- 
ate, acuminate. 


a (P. New-Jersey, Ju. @.) panicle lax, 
srg, oe pega near, 12-Hower- 


& 


sap 


ee 


4. leaves short, pubescen 


ved: inner yv Ives of AP horets the | 
_ yemainder of the flowers are remov d gi 
rachis a comb-like ap ee ce : flowers ova 


acuminate, 3-nerved: nec 
oO the panicle pilose : leaves ian 


iD a Pp. 

Wil P . ®.) panicle di 
sai tt a spikelets pendant,- 
ered ; flowers ovate, acute, margin and 
scabrous : neck of the sheaths and axils of 


a pilose : leaves short erect culm 
_ rous. pe 


J. @.) culm » creeping : = 
a ¢ fascicle : spikelets: subsessile, very 
many awered's lowers oblong, acute, | 
A very delicate “a 


stolonifera (P. J.) culm s 
Soloniterous at the base : 


and whorled aha in fives: c or 3 flow- 
ered : stipules of the lower leaves obtuse, of the 
“upper ones acuminate, elongated. 
sa (P. New-Jersey. Ju. @.) panicle erect, at 
length diffuse ; lower branches aggregated 4 to 
6 together, upper ones solitary, zigzag, branch- 
lets scabrous : calyx 4 to 12-flowered’: leaves 
s-nerved, hairy at the base, with the sheath 
striate, glabrous, hairy at the neck: stemoob 
- lique and procumbent, with subangled joimt 
obtusa (P. New-Jersey, New-England, Au. 2 
panicle crowded, crispid, contracted ; branch- 
es in pairs or in threes, crowded ; branchlets 
zigzag: calyx 2-valved, less than ‘the corol, 5 
to 7-flowered ; valves white at the apex, ob- 
tuse or acute : “outer valve of the corol obtuse, 
5-nerved, glabrous : culm erect, glabrous. 
maritima ? (New-England) panicle erect, with a 
glabrous, striate rachis ; branches in threes, 
the middle one shorter ; branchlets neg 
thickening below the calyx: valves u 


& 


of the sheath and | 


- \=. 


POA, PODOP 


obtus roader, Mbwere 
ar’ ' the calyx: culm: an 
ate, ee sti i 


= 


psn. (fescue meadow gras - ©. J.) panicle 
diffuse, nodding, Mibsiniple eG. ; “To is, er ie 
es very long: flowers few, a 

— ob ong. ‘teretish, 3 to 5-flowered, 


a all pedicelled, — Three or four feet 
igh. ‘Torrey. A new species, discov 
rei ‘Conte, esq. 


Pop ALYRTA, 56. 


tinetoria (wild indigo. O. y. Ju. Y.) very gla 
rous, branching : leaves ternate, sub-sessile 3 __ 
leafets wedge-form, ound-obtuse : stipules ob: wf 
solete, oblong, acute, many times shorter than 
the petioles : legumes ovate, long-stiped. 

coerulea (Y. b. J. %. “he rma leaves ternate, 

! very short-petioled ; leafets wedge-oblong, ob- 

 tuse : [aitancenlate, acute, twice as long 

_ as the petiole: legumes agpinaic. 1 have 

. never heard of this species i i 


r distriet, ex- 
~ cepting at the East rock in N : te 
cre ame | 


Be, 
-peltatum (wild mandrake, may-apple. O. W. M. 
wy.) stem terminated with 2 peltate palmate 
weaves ; flower single, inserted in the fork, form- 
ed by the petioles of the leaves. Sometimes the 
lant is 3-leaved, and sometimes the flower is 
inserted on the side of one of the petioles, 


$ 


scar: caly awe yh 
rol larger tha e calyx, becom- 
k : leaves setaceous striate. This can 
be called a poa, as the calyx is but 1- 


' 


a 90,” 


a a & 4 aE 
5 ae = P a 
ee yllum (th ot, Be 


diel 
yy + 
“Ms, Th 


PoLeMoniuM, 39. 
i fae 
Mevtans (greek Walerian. P.b. M. 2. eee pi | 

i gis in sevens : flowers terminal, soning. ¥ 


meee Pouxanrans, 5 50. : 


ie tuberosa (tuberose. EB Y.) lowers erat s68 
irs: rootlets tuberous : scape ee 


3 inear, long. Sweet scented. 
Poryeana, 78. 
> Sn 1, Flowers with a crest-like nectary. 


.< "‘éncupnate (milkwort. C. r. J. ©.) stem somewhat _ 
simple, erect : leaves scattered, subulate : spikes 
'  oval-oblong : coro! -with a slender, elongated. 
i tube. = 
rubella (false low-centaury, - d-flower. Y. 
-» ©€.P.r.J. %.) pubescent : stem simple, erect : 
. Jeaves  ipraeeubulasee acute: raceme ter- 
gninal; br ubulate, solitary, caducous : 
ie wings of the alyx Se 
jones the corol. This curious plant 
very abun ant on the sand plains westef Ball’s | 
spring in New Haven In the latter part of © 
summer it sends off flowering shoots under 
ground, which produce numerous abortive oe at 


sules. ae 
: paucifolia (flowering wintergreen. a stem N. Y. C. 
; = ie -M. yt 7 jaree- owere — 


=~ 


POEYGALA. » | 369 


erect, naked below: leaves ovate, ,acute, gla- 
brous, near,the top. of the stem : flowers ter- 
tninal, abotitim threes." Three or four inches™ 
Thigh; and differs much from the rest_of ce 
__~ speties—the leaves and flowers being much lar-” 

: ger In proportion to its size. 

i, 


2. Flowers without the crest. 


uniflora (Lake Ontario. 2/.) smalls stem simple, 
erect. nakedish below ; leaves few, broad-ovates™ 
“narrowing into the petiole: flowers solitary; 
~ scattered, pedicelled, nodding. | 
senega (seneca_snake-root. Ay ©. P. Hudson. x. 
seeor. W. J. 11.) stem erect, simple, leafy ; leaves 
7 alternate, lanteolate : spike terminal, filiform: 
~ flowers alternate. 
lutea (yellow mwilkwort. C, y.Ju. ©. or % .) stem 
simple or branching : Yadical and lower cau- 
_ line leaves spatulate, the others ‘lanceolate: 
spike head-cylindric, crowded, peduncled. 
wiridescens (P. g-w. Ju. ©.) stem erect, very sim- 
“ple: leaves lance-linear, obtusish : flowers My ® 
a terminal globular head. = 
sanguinea (O. vr. Ju. ©.) stem erect. corymb-¢ 
branched at the top : leaves alternate, linear : 
flowers in a head-form spike ; peduncles squar- 
rose. ; 
verticillata (dwarf snake-root. O. w. J. ©.) stem @ 
erect, branching : leaves whorled and scatter- “7 
_ ed: spike filitormjgpeduncled ; flowers dis- 
~ tinctly alternate, approximate. About 6 inches 
~ high, of a bluish appearance. . Par 
cruciata (P. N.Y. rv g. Ju. @.) stem. erect, ra- 
q mose, wing-angled: leaves in foursslance-linear ; 
* flowers in spiked sessile heads, 


Polygonatum, see Conyallaria, 


re s 
Bry 


ee) 
“I 
@ 


POLYGONUM. 


PoLyeGonuM, 55. 


, al 
1. Mowers agillary. 


marin (sea knotweed, New, Jersey. r. w. Au, 
2! or 2.) stamens 8, styles 35 stipules (ochreis) 
obtuse, torn, menmbranaceous.: leaves lance- 
linear, acutesimmargin revolute, fleshy: stem | 
somewhat woody. A small, prostrate, ever- | 
srecn plant. 4 

aviculare (knot-grass. Ow. M. &.) stamens,8, 
Styles 3: leaves lanceolate, scabrous at tht 
margin; stipales nerved, remote: stem pro-— 
cumbent : flowers sessiley small. Var. latifo-. 
lium, leaves broad-oval- ; stem ascending... EB 
have generally found this va¥iety pentandreus. 

ramosissimum (branching knotgvass, P. g-w.. J. 
f&}.) stamens 3 oF 5, styles 3 : leaves lanceo= 
late: stipules abbreviated, tornat the margins : 
branches interruptedly many-flowered.: stem 
strait-branched, striate. 

tenue (slender knotgrass. Y. A. N. C. w. Ju. Goh 
leaves. long-linear, strait acuminate : stipules” 
tubular, apex villose: stem ‘slenders. erect, 
branched, acute-angled : flowers alternates 
subsolitary. ; ial 


2. Flowers in slender spikes. 


lapathifolium (P. r-w. Auwi€}.) stamens. 6, styles. 
2: stipules awnless : peduncles scabrous : seeds 
concave on all sides. | . 
punctatum (water-pepper. biting knotweed. O. w. 
Au. €3.) staihens 8, styles 3: leaves lanceolate,” 
glabrous 3 stipules lax, glabrous, ciliate at the 
apex, spotted : spike filiform, Weak, Somewhat © 
nodding : bracts remotely alternate. We have - 
usually @alled this plant the hydropper, but it q 
differs from the European specimens consider- “ 


POLYGONUM. 871 
Be 
ably. Pursh calls it hydropiperoides, after jue 
Mich. Mr. Elliot has removed the difficulty] 
e»by giving it this name. ; 
Wnite (tasteless knotweed. C. P. J. @.) stamens Bs 
styles 3 : leaves narrow lanceolate, subhirsute : 


aa hirsute, long-ciliate : spikes linear >. 


bracts ciliate, subimbricate. 
rginiamum (C. Y. A. H.'P. w. Ju. Uf.) stamens 
5, styles 2; unequal: leaves broad-oval: spikes 
wand-like: flowers remote. 


4 Sx Flowers in thick crowdedispikes. 
re 


vtviparum (Whitehills. Au. %.) stem simple: 
» leaves lance-lineatyelabrous, margin revolute : 
’ spike single, linear : bracts ovate, acuminate. 
r. Bigelow and Mr. Boot found this species 
sgzvowing on the’ Whitehills in New Hampshire. 
® Natural history in all its departments is great- 
“ty indebted t@ the incessant exertions of these 
two gentlemen. 
<occineum Gake knotweed. W.. ©, H. P.r. Au. %.) 
stainens 6, styles 2 or 12 spikes cylindric, 
dense : stiptles truncate, gfabrous : leaves 
ovate. 
persicaria (ladies’ thumb, heart-spot knotweed. O. 
r. Ju. ©.) stamens. 6, styles 2: spikes ovate- 
» oblong, erect: peduncles smooth : leaves lans 
~  ceolate: stipules smoothish, ciliate. | 
pensylvanicum (knee knotweed. O, Ju. @.) sta- 
~. mens 8, styles 2 or 1: spikes oblong : pedun- 
> cles hispid ; leaves lanceolate : stipules gla- 
brous, not ciliate : stem with swelling knee- 
joints. | 
orientale (prince’s feather. EK. r, Au. €}.) stamens 
~ Testyles 2: leaves ovate: stem erect, tall : 
stipules rough-haired, somewhat salverform. 
Grows 5 or 6 feet high. It has become natur- 
alized in many places. 


ee 


4. Flowers ¥a@Spiked, panicled racemes. il 


latwum (joint-weed. A. N. Graiby (Con 
row. Ju. €}-) stamens 8, styles 3 : racem 
kkes in a panicle, filiform : peduncles filiform m 
AY, pi ype from above the’ imbricz 
uncate bract : leav es linear: sti 
. truncate, Abolt a foot high, 
oe icate racemes ; to witch, the 
jointed appearance. ; 


5. Flowers Bibracemed ; 


Or 16 


i (prickly knotweed. | O.°w.> J. -@) 
S ns 8, styles, 3 or 15 flowers in heads: 
leaves sagittate : stem wi i re 
or curved towards its base, ¢ 
arifoluum (halbert Canes 
stamens 6, styles 2 or 13 fio 
spikes few-flowe ast 
with prickle rsed, suber es 
fagopyrum (ba <>.) stamens 
8, styles S : racemes panicled’: leaves. heart- 
sagittate : stem erent unarmed angles of 
the seeds equal rit pleat e- 
& _ convolculus (bin tweed. O. w. vr. J u. 
ae mens 8, styles aves oblong, hear 
stem twining, ee eat von 
the calyx obtuse ed. 


scandens, (climbing knotweed. O. wer. re: aw) : 
stamens 8, st les 3: leaves broad-cord 
pules truncate, naked : stem twining, glabrous : | 
calyx Apwane the fruit 3. winged. — maine of 
cil Can. Ju. ©.) stamens 8, s 
eon es stipules subacute, 
, ahaa s with an ni eries : 8 
one ps rostrate or climb ighish ; 
} fons of fhe cabephaeey: i bat 


*¢ 


me 


POLY Mi POLY Tip S78 


a. a | PonyMnta, 88. 
crmadensi (white leaf-cup. P. Can. w. or 
2%.) viscid-villose : leaves denticulate,, 
inate ; lower ones pinnatifid, upper ones 3-lob- 
or entire. ‘Two or three feet high. | | 
“balsamic. 
re ow leaf-cup. P. y. Ju. %.) leaves 

opposit bed, acute, decurrent into the pe- 
tiole : lobes sinuate-angled: rays clongated. : 


x 2 the last. re 

renee 102. . 

igure lypod. O. Ju. 2%.) frond deeply = 
iv 


isions lance-linear, obtuse, crenulate. 


geen upper ones gr adually smaller : 
j 


# 


it-dots solitary : root chaffy. Var. virgini- 
m, has ked root. 
gonopterum (C,. P. W. Ju. W.) frond doubly 


pinnatifid, smeothish ; two lower divisions de- / 
— flexed ; sub-di late obits, ciliate, 
those of the renate and of 


ions lanceo 
ie leafets re 
the upper ones entire ; the lowest ones adnate- 
decurrent : fruit- dots minute, solitary. The 


whole ae ose pre a triangular 


Bincct Can. Ju. Y.) ee 
natifid, iliate; divisiot 


adnate : sub-divisions st 
_ Chaffy : fruit-dots minute. 
calearewm (W. P. Ju, 2%.) frond catty doubly 
pinnate, strait, subrigid ; divisions obtusish, 
| subentire fruit-dots marginal, confluent. — 


oak otcexs) grows on the mountain 
Hear reek, 3 miles from Will 
College, which. with nove of the above des- 
criptions. It is “more than a span high ; 
pinnate, with pinnatifid leafets ; the divis- s 


Gg 


=* 


Te 9) ROLTERICHU MI a5: 
ions of the leafets sub-obovate, toothed. Whe a 
er it is a new species, or one already describe 
and not credited to North America, I have not 
had it inmy power to ascertain. It flowers. na 
Sust. 


phate a4 eat PS haa 
‘anew PoLYTRICHUM, 107... «! diate) 7 
; f 
lL. anor pal * xl 


juniperinum (hair-cap moss. M. y ) pp | 
Jance-linear, pointed, rg inflected at the 
edges, rough on the keel : capsule ——e> on bi 
flat receptacle. 

cominune, leaves inncedlegaiae mon * servalate, 


“seine ‘capsule square, on a roundis h-recepta~ 


gracile, leaves lance-linear, acute, pra A 
capsule obovate, sub-angular, oblique, contract- 
ed at the base. me 

atitenuatwm, leaves lance-linear, acute, se’ 
spread : capsule square, drooping, contra 
at the base. 


2. Stem more or less Watcha: 


wndulatum (P.) leaves lanceolate, serrate, undu- 
late : va cylindric, drooping : lid sub 
late : calyptre naked; ~ 

hercynicum, leaves linear, incurved win dry, 
mostly eutire : capsule ovate, cylindric, tsi | 
calyptre single, hairy when young. “4 

wurnigerum,' leaves lanceolate, serrate, sprea 
capsule irssical ti erect : lid pointed, 

amhguum agg stem almost simple : ‘leaves 
long-subulate, aculeate-serrate : capsule some= 
what nodding, cylindric : lid long-cuspida 
acute. * 

asciculatum (Can.) stem shortish; fascicle 
branched above: leaves linear, acute, slightly 
aculeate-serrate : peduncles shortish : c 


mucronate beak. ) 
wd 3, Stemless. 


wanicum (P.) leaves very few ; lower ones 

ated and compressed into an oblong form, 
: ones subulate-mucronate, obscurely 
toothed : capsule erect, oblong-cylindric ; lid 
conyex, long-mucronate, inclined. 


gee PonTEDERTA, 49. 

prdata (pickerel weed. A. P. H. ¥. ©. b. Ju. 21.) 
leaves heart-oblong, obtuse: spike many-flow- 
: » compact : divisions of the corol oblong. 
“i wet places, . 


ax Porvtvs, 100. 


remuloides (white poplar, american aspen. Q. Ap. 
hk.) leaves heart-roundish, abruptly acuminate. 
tooth-serrulate, glabrous, a little pubescent at 
the margin, with 2 glands at the base on the up- 
per side ; petioles compressed, in the young 
state silky. ‘The flatness of the petioles caus- 
_es the leaves to take 9 tremulous motion, from 
sthe slighest action of the atmosphere. 
randidentata (tree poplar. W.P. A. Catskill. Ap. 
hk.) leaves round-ovate, acute, unequally and 
‘coarsely sinuate-toothed, glabrous ; in the 
young state villose : petioles compressed. 
etulifolia (birch-leaf poplar. C, Lake-Ontario, 
Ap. kh.) leaves rhomboidal, long-acuminate, 
dentate, glabrous : young branches pilose. 
ngulaia (balm-of-gilead, water poplar, cotton 
- Wood, O. Ap. hb.) leaves ovate-deltoid, acumi- 
nate, obtusely hook-toothed, glabrous ; young- 
er ones broad-cordate; branches. wing-angled. 
samifera (balsam poplar. W.N. Can. Ap. hk.) 
‘Jeaves ovate, acuminate, clese-pressed serrate, 
rusty or mealy under side ; buds resinous. 
ut 


876 POPULUS, POTAMOGETON, | 
candicans (New England. Ap. hk.) leaves corda 
ovate, acuminate, obtusely and unequally se 
vate, whitish beneath, sub-S-nerved, net-vein 
ed; petioles hirsute: buds-resinous : branche 
terete. : “a 
laevigata (cotton tree. Can. P. Ap. %.) leave 
round-ovate, deltoid, acuminate, subcordate 
unequally serrate, glabrous, glandular at thi 
~ base ; petioles compressed : younger branch 

angled. ° 
ahergahyila (various-leaved poplar. P..M. h. 
leaves round-ovate, cordate with a small sinus 
sub-auricled, obtuse, hook-teothed ; youngel 
ones downy. | 
dilatata (lombardy poplar, italian poplar. E. A 
2.) leaves Spa both sides, acuminate, ser 
ding 


rate, deltoid, the breadth equal to or exceeding 
- the length: branches erect,,close to the stem, 
» Jt is said that no pistillate plant of this species 
has been. brought to America. Consequently 
‘no seeds are obtained from it, 


~PorcEra, 67%. 


triloba hee apple. P. p. Ap. }.) leaves 
smocthish, oblong-wedge-obovate: outer petals 
orbicular : fruit large, fleshy. | 


PoRTULACCA, 60. 


eee ‘| 
gleracea bce 0. ¥. J. ©.y leaves wedge- 
form : lowers sessile. r 


eae 
ji PoTAMOGETON, 36. 


valaus (pondweed. O. g. J. 4.) leaves long-petio- 


Jed, floating, lance-oval ; at first some of them 
are subcordate. ; 
flutians (O. g. Ju. U.) lower leaves TON arene 
upper ones Janceolate. nerved, coriaceous : ail 
petioled.. . / Pa 
a3 


(ee * 


perfoliatum (P. C. Can. g. Ju. 2.) leaves heart- 
~» ovate; clasping, all immersed : spikes termin- 
' al, above water; flowers alternate. 
lucens (P. C. W? g. Ju. Y.) leaves very large, 
om nceolate, subsessile, middle rib thick: spikes 
long, cylindric. A species of this genus, which 
_ I find I have labelled P. lucens, grows in a 
_ pond 6 miles north of Williams College. But 
a it may be a new species. stem is branch- 
ing, large, (from. 1 to 2 long) flexouse, 
pe. Very leafy : leaves (3 or 4 inches.long and one 
_ wide) lance-oblong, acute, entire, alternate, 
_ subsessile, about 9-nerved, net-veined, with the 
_ mniddle rib thick. The substance of the leaf is 
_ composed of translucent cellules ; so that to ye 
Lie naked eye it appears to be a thin pallucid mem- 
-brane.. Spike from 1 to 2 inches long, with a 
peduncle thrice as long. The stipule above 
each leaf is about an inch in length ; its sub- 
stance resembling the leaf. 
_ crispum (Can. P. r-g. J. 14.) leaves alternate or 
opposite, lance-oyal, undulate, serrate: spikes 
TOW -MOWETE Ne ie peg nae A 
pectinatum (Can. P. g. J. 4.) leaves long-bristle- 
_ form, approximate, two-ranked, sheathed at 
__ the base : spikes terminal, interrupted, whorl- 
_. ed: fruit ovate, turgid. _ All immersed but 
- the spike. — . 
Sraminewm (grass pondweed. W. P. g. Tu21.) 
_ leayes lance-linear, alternate, sessile : st 8 
broad : stem terete, subdichotomous. - Near 
__ Williams College this plant grows wholly im- 
_. mersed in stagnant water. In July some of 
) these plants begin to raise their spikes of uno- 
.. pened flower buds to the surface of the water. 
4 As soon as the bag re are fertilized by the 


=) 


~ 


_ compressum (P. ge, Ju. ©. or 2.) leaves linear, 


. norwegica (cinquefoil. O. y. J. .) erect, brancl . 


“ry: petals shorter than the calyx. Large. 


2 2) Leaves digitate in Sives; rarelyin sevens. — : 


378 POTAMOGETON, POTENTILLA. — 


. pola.,te spikes are again withdrawn to riper 
the under water. Other individuals suc- 
ceed them, and the proce8s goes on for several 
weeks. This curious operation of nature wag 
particularly observed by the professors, sever~ 
al of the students and myself during the last 
season. . oA 3 


obtuse: stem.compressed.: spikes short, 4 to 6- 
flewered.. . ae a 


PoTENTILLA, 63: 
. Leaves ternate. 


ing, hairy : stipules oval, toothed: leaf 
ets lance-rhombic, gash-tootlied : branches. 
dichotomous : pedicels sliort,. axillary, solita- 


tridentata (mountain cinquefoil. W. C. w. Ju. 2. 
ascending, smoothish : stipules subulate: leaves! 
wedge-oblong, 3-toothed at the end, a few close~ 
pressed: hairs: flowers in a terminal forked 
corymb : petals oblong-ovate, longer than the 
calyx. Grows pientifully northeast from Wil- 


~ 


- fiams College on the mountain. hy 
/irsuta (Can. Western part.of New-York. w. Ju 
2!.) erect, simple, very hirsute : stipules lan- 
ecolate, entire: leaves obovate, gash-laciniate = 
panicle few-flowered ; pedicels short: petals 
smaller than the calyx. ) s 


Canadensis (common Bvefingen, O.y.M. 2%.) pro- 
cumbent, subramose, whitish-silky : stipule 
ovate, gashed: leaves wedge-obovate, gash. 
toothed: stem ascending and creeping, hirsute 
peduncles solitary, elongated, divisions of the 
calyx lance-linear : petals orbicular subentire, 
of the length of the calyx. This plantis solong 
in flower and assumes so many forms and sizes, 


j 


ee 
no 


» species of it. Persoon’s diagnosis 


o 
POTENTILLA,. S79 
that. students. in botany often iso ab rept 


reptans 
can be found in this plant; but we have no 
such species, 


pumila (dwarf fivefinger. Y. C. P. Can. y. 


I. %.) erect, almost stemless, pubescent : 
leaves wedgeform, spread at the apex, gashed, 
woolly beneath: peduncles shorter than the 


_ petioles, subsimple, 1-flowered: petals round, 


scarcely longer than the calyx. ‘The last spe- 
cies often flowers before the stem has attained 
to any considerable length; when it may be 
mistaken for this species. > ‘ 


simplex (C. A. P. y. M. %.) erect, unbranched, 


hirsute : stipules gashed: leaves oblong-oval, 
coarsely toothed, upper ones sessile : etantles 
axillary, solitary, elongated, 1-flowered : divi- 
sions of the calyx lance-linear: petals round- 
obcordate, longer than the calyx. 


argentea (silver fivefinger. O. w-y. Ju. 2%.) stem 


Rags and ascending, rarely sub-erect, 
ranching, white-downy : stipules ovate acute : 
leaves wedgeform, gash-toothed, silvery white 
down beneath: petals retuse, scarcely longer 
than the calyx. Willdenow’s description of this 
plant is certainly erroneous ; and I have ven- 
tured to correct it. 


-recta( W ?-P. y. J. y.) stem erect: leaves in fives 


and sevens ; leafets lanceolate, coarsely tooth- 
ed : petals obcordate,. larger than the calyx. 
Corol large, pale. 


8. Leaves more or less pinnate. _ 


fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil. C.P. Can. y.J. ' ) 


erect, very branching, hirsute : stipules ovate, 
entire : leaves quinate-pinnate ; leafets linear, 
oblong, flat ; petals long : pragep iets 1 or 2- 
flowered : five alternate divisions of the calyx 
linear ; the rest broad-ovate, acute : petals ob- 
ovate, longer than the calyx. $ to 5 feet high. 


™ 
380 POTENTILLA, POTHOS.. 


@ 
| - floribunda ( C. Can. y.Ju. hb.) erect, very me eo : 


ing, hirsute: stipules ovate, entire : leaves — 
quinadadbinnate eafets aad Margin | 
revolute ; petioles short : cérymbs terminal, di- 
% chotomous, dense-many-flowered : divisions of — 
the calyx subequal : petals roundish, of the 
length of the calyx. About 18 inches high, 
and resembles the last. ey fe Sycgge 
anserina (tansy cinquefoll. P. Can, Troy. y. J. — 
Y.) creeping : leaves interruptedly pinnate, nu-— 
_Merous, gash-serrate, silky, white downy be-— 
neath : peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, On the” 
banks of the Hudson, near Troy. = _— 
pensyloanica (C. P. New-England. y. Ju. 4.) 
erect, down soft and whitish’; leayes pinnate’; — 


___ Teafets oblong, obtuse, subpinnatifid, tomen- 
ra tose : pened strait, many-flowered : divisions 
of the downy calyx semi-oval. | Var. strigosa, — 


| has tooth-pectinate leaves with revolute mar _ 
ae ‘ ¥ . ; a ee Scar eee P 

- & ins ; flowers corymbed. Baylies :. 
Mina (Can. P. y. J. &.) procumbent, dichoto- 


mous: leaves pinnate ; leafets oblong, deeply — 
toothed: peduncles lateral, solitary,’ 1-flower-_ 
ed, spreading : leaves pinnate ; leafets serrate? 


_ flowers in heads, 
PoTERIUM, 94, 


sanguisorba (burnet. E. J. 2.) stem somewhat — 
~ angled, unarmed: leaves pinnate’; leafets’ser- _ 
‘rate : flowers in heads.) 70 * se ss 
deaeed ideas ¥ 


ForHos, 9). 


foetida (skunk-cabbage. O. p. Ap. 2.) stemless : — 
leaves radical, heart ovate, very large > spadix — 
with the flowers ina globular-head. Very fetid. — 
_Atis highly recommended as an expectorantand — 
Pinar aie See Bariton’s. Vee. Mat. Med. ‘ 
under the generic synonum Symplocarpus. ‘One — 
modern author has placed this genus im the elass — 
Polyandria. _ I can conceive of no reason for — 


: 
7 


: PRENANTHES, PRIMULA. $84 


- 


I this ; unless it be done by way of experiment, to 
ascertain what quantity of ridiculous innovation 
the public will bear. ; 


PRENANTNES 82. 


alba (white lettuce. O: w. p. Au, 2.) radical leaves 

angled-hastate, toothed, somewhat lobed ; cau- 

line ones round-ovate, toothed, petioled ; up- 
rmost ones lanceolate : panicle lax, the ter- 
inal fascicle nodding : calyx 8-cleft, 9 or 10- 

flowered. About two orthree feet high. 

altissima (QO. p-y. An. 2%.) stem. branching : 
leaves petioled, 3-lobed, angled, denticulate, 

nodding cal al racemes axillary : flowers 

(O. 


noddi calyx about 5-flowered. Very tall. 
cordata w-y. Au. 21.) stem panicled above: 
leaves petioled, cordate, toothed, ciliate ; floral 
ones sessile, oblong, entire: panicle lax, 
ceme-flowered ; flowers. nodding : caly 
cleft, 6-flowered. ‘Tall. 
virgata (P. New-Jersey. w-p. Au. 2.) glabrous : 


stem very simple : leaves all lyrate-sinuate: _ 


branchlets somewhat one-sided : flowers pen- 
dant : calyx glabrous, 8-cleft, 10-flowered. ¢ 
to 6 feet high. 
rubicuwda (P. bs Au. 24.) leaves ciliate 5. radical 
ones hastate-angled, subentire ; lower caulne 
ones obovate, tapering to the base, subangled > 
~ upper ones lanceolate, entire : raceme simple s 
_ flowers nodding. About 18 inches high. 


PRIMULA, 38. 


acaulis (primrose. E. if.) leaves rugose, toothed,. 
hirsute beneath : scape 1-flowered. 
veris (cowslip. Lp E. r-y. ¥.) leaves ru- 
- gose, toothed: limb of the 1 concave $ 
neck of the tube oblong, calyx ated. 
elatior (oxlip primrose. EK. w-y. 2/.) leaves rugose,. 


e: 


™ a thy SE 
: et ooh oe ses Caste 
ss2 | PRIMULA, PRINOS. 


toothed, hirsute: Jimb of the corol flat, neck of 
the a Re pad ; flowers naked within, | 
auricula (auricula tulip. E. 2s.) leaves serrate, — 
fleshy, obovate : scape many-flowered : calyx a 
mealy. ae ali 
farinosa (birds’ eye primrose, Can. r. 2{.) leaves” 
rugose, crenate, subglabrous, mealy beneath: — 
umbel erect. . 
mistasinica (Can. 2.) small, glabrous: leaves — 
ovai-spatulate, subdentate : scape elongated: — 
umbel few-flowered : limb of the corol refiex- _ 
ed, the divisions wedge-oblong, obtusely 2- — 
cleft: capsule oblong, exsert. ¢ 


Prinos, 49, a i 


certicillatus (winter berry, false alder. O.w.J. h.) 
leaves oval, serrate, acuminate, pubescent be- — 
* é neath : fascicles of staminate flowers axillary, ; 
J 


ibelliferous,; the pistillate flowers are aggre- — 
gated ; both 6-parted. Sometimes this shrub — 
is monoecious and sometimes perfect-flowered. 
Generally in wet places. Berries red, perma- 


nent. Tilpl 

gluber (ink berry. C. P. Can. Ju. 2 .) leaves ever- 
green, wedge-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous. — 
shining, equally subdentate above: pedicels 
axillary, subsolitary, mostly 3-flowered. A 


low shrub. : OP ae 
iaevigatus (New-Jersey. P. Ju. h-) leaves lance. — 
olate, close-pressed-serrate, acuminate, glab- ; 
yous both sides, shining at the upper. side, 
hardly pubescent at the nerves beneath : pist- 
illate flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile : 
staminate flowers scattered—all 6-cleft. _ J 
ambiguus (New-Jersey. A. w. Ju. kh.) leaves oval, 
acuminate at both ends, mucronate-serrulate, 
sub-pubescent beneath: flowers 4 or 5-cleft ; 
staminate ones crowded together at the lower 
branches. pistillate ones selitary. — wee 


i 


; 
4 


- 


es 
Se anaes 

_. PROSERPINACA, PRUNUS. 588 
: ny _ PROSERPINACA, 33. 


palustris (mermaid weed. Y. C. P. H. g. Su. ©.) 
' léaveés linear-lanceolate, serrate above water ; 
pinnatifid below. 
pectinata (C. P. g. Ju. ©.) leaves all pectinate- 
pinnatifid 


' PRUNELEA, 70. 


pensylvanica (heal-all, self-heal. O. J. 2%.) leaves 
etioled, oblong-ovate, toothed at the base : 
ips of the calyx unequal, upper one truncate, 
awned ; stem ascending. Willdenow calls 
this the vulgaris, and says the pensylvanica 
has the lips of the calyx equal, and that the 
upper one is S-awned. But Muhlenberg has 
not adopted this division of the species. 


. - | 
_ Prunus, 61. 2 i ‘ , 


virginiana (wild cherry, rum cherry, cabinet 
cherry. O. w. M. h.) racemes erect, elongated : 
leaves oval-oblong, acuminate, unequally dou- 
bly-toothed, glabrous both sides ; petioies gen- 
erally bearing 4 glands. In open fields the 
limbs of this tree spread out into an elegant 
oval top. But in dense forests it grows to a 
very great height, with a few contracted branch- 
es. ‘The bark is an excellent tonic. 

serotina (choke-berry. O. w. J. %.) flowers in 
-lax racemes: leaves simply serrate ; lower 
serratures subglandular, middle rib bearded 
towards the base. In Muhlenberg’s catalogue 
the English names of this and the preceding 
species are exchanged ; probably through the 
mistake of the printer. Pursh seems, by his 
Paualar remarks, to have totally mistaken this 
and several other species of the Prunus. 

canadensis (Can. P. w. kh.) flowers in racemes : 


Re, 


a 


384 FRUNUS, — 
leaves glandless, broad-lanceolate, 


sharply serrate, pubescent both sides, tapering — 
into the petiole. wi i a ee 
pensylvanica (C. P. New-Enugland. w. M. kh.) © 
umbels subsessile, aap oss onemanaerene eee ig 
and at length panicle-form: leaves lance-ob- 
long, serrate, glabrous, 2-glands atthe base: 
branchlets punctate. : _ 
horealis (P. New-England. w. M. » .) flowers co- — 
rymbed ; pedicels elongated: leaves oval-ob- — 
long, acuminate, erose-denticulate, membrana-"_ 
ceous:; glabrous : fruit subovate. Micheaux | 
says this is a small tree, with small red, sweet — 
fruit. x | 
nigra (A. W. P. w. M. ».) umbels sessile, solita- 
ry, few-flowered : leaves ovate, acuminate, un- 
equally and sharply serrate, glabrous both — 
sides : petioles with 2 glands, P. americana. — 
pygmaea (american sloe. New-England. w. M. 
h .) umbels sessile, aggregated, few-flowered : 
_ feaves oval-ovate, acute, glabrous both sides, 
sharply serrate, 2-glands at the base. © _ ; 
hiemahs (winter plumb. Can.P. w. M. kh.) pedi- 
cels aggregated, glabrous : divisions of the 
calyx lanceolate : stipules setaceous, compound : 
leaves oblong-oval, or obovate, abruptly long- 
acumimate : fruitsubovate. 


q 
calyx obtuse ; fruit subglobose. The plumbs_ 
are smail and yellow. fet > tata 
sphaerocarpon (along the maritime parts of New- _ 
England. w. M. hk.) leaves short-oval, serru- — 
late, generaily 2 glands at the base: calyx — 
with fine hairs: drupe spherical : nut round- — 


eval, 1 oan ry: 


vv 

2 PRUNUS. | 385 

mtiritima (C.w. M. k.) peduncles subsolitary : 

‘leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, doubly-serrate. 

Pursh has copied in the P. acuminata of Mx. as 

‘a synonym, which is—branchlets glabrous : 

‘Jeaves oblong-oval, long acutely-acuminate : ca- 

lyx glabrous : drupe long-peduncled, ovate, acu- 

minate. 

pumiia (P. w. M. k .) umbels sessile, aggregate, 
few-flowered: calyx-acute : branches wand-te- 
rete: leaves narrow-lanceolate, serrate above, 
the under sides pale. 

depressa (P. Can w. M.k .) umbels sessile, agere- 
gate, few-flowered: calyxes obtuse: branclies 
angled, depressed-prostrate : leaves wedge-lan- 
ceolate, remotely serrate, glabrous, glaucous 
beneath : fruit ovate. 

Spinoesit, Seri gg sloe. P. W. kh.) peduncles sol- 
itary : leaves lance-oval, pubescent beneath : 
fruit strait: branches thorny. Said to be in- 
troduced. 

susquelanna, (P. w. M. k.) peduncles solitary : 
leaves obovate-oblong, glaucous beneath, ser- 
rate, entire at the hase. 

cerasifera (P. w. M. h-) peduncles solitary : 
leaves oval, glabrous : fruit pendant : branch- 
es almost thorniess. 

Remark. Some of these specics being difficult 
(o distinguish, more English names and popular 
characters are desirable. But I have not de- 
termined many of them, and [ have found the re 
marks of some modern authors to be totally er 
roneous in several of the species; therefore I re- 
solved to give the essential characters without 
any reflections. 
cerasus, (garden cherry. E.w.r. M. kh.) umbel 

~sub-peduncled; leaves lance-ovate, glabrous, 
conduplicate. - 

padus (bird cherry. E.w. M. k .) flowers racem- 

ed, Jax: leaves doubly-serrate, subrugose, pe- 
tioled, with two glands. whe 

th 


386 PRUNUS, PTERIS. 


avium, {small bird cherry. E.°w.. hk.) umbeis 


sessile : leaves lance-ovate, pubescent beneath, _ 


conduplicate. 


domestica (plum. E. w. M. 4.) peduncles sub- 
solitary : eaves lance-ovate, convolute : branch- — 
es thornless. Var. juliana (damson plum) — 
teweet 

plum, horse plum) fruit round, at first — 
ei becoming yellowish. Var. enucleata 


fruit oblong, blue. Var. claudiana 


stoneless plum) the putamen obsolete. 


Prunus, see ARMENIACA. 
PsinotTum, 105. 


dichotomum (naked ground pine. Southern q 
states. J. 2%.) stem naked, dichotomous : — 
branches 3-sided. Taken from the genus .— 


Lycopodium. 


PrerRis, 102. 


a 


“S . 
7) ee 


aquilina (common brake. O. Ju. Y.) frond pin-— . 


nate-3-parted ; barren branches doubly pinnate, 


with leafets lance-linear, obtuse, pinnatifid, - | 


toothed ; fertile branches pinnate, with leafets 
pinnatifid, divisions acutish—all ciliate. 
atropurpurea (rock brake. C .W. P. Ju. 2.) frond 
pinnate ; lower leafets lanceolate, obtuse, ter- 
nate or pinnate ; at the base obtusely truncate 
or subcordate. Four miles north of Williams 


College, on the Pownal road, this plant grows — 


abundantly in the clefts of the rocks. It is 


from three to 6 inches high, bluish green, — 
leaves stiff. In ripening, the marginal involu- _ 
cre unrols, and the capsules on opposite sides — 
meet ; so that it exhibits the generic charac- — 


ter of the Acrostichum. Stipe dark purple. 


Sracilis, (Can. Ju. %.) frond pinnate ; leafets — 
lanceolate, obtuse, alternate, sessile, lower ones — 


pinnatifid : fertile ones entire, barren ones 
crenate, round-obtuse, Abeut 4 inches high. 


PTERIS, PYRETHRUM. S87 


- caudata (P. Au. 2.) frond 3-parted-pinnate : bar- 
ren branches doubly-pinnate, leafets linear, 
elongated, obtuse, entire, lower ones doubly- 
pinnatifid ; fertile branches pinnate, leaf- 
ets remotish below, at the base pinnatifid- 

toothed. 


PULMONARIA, 56. 


officinalis (lung-wort. E. b. M. 2f.) radical leaves 
heart-ovate, hirsute : flowers racemed. 
ere (Can. New-England. b. Ju. %.) stem 
_~- diffuse, procumbent, glabrous : leaves oval- 
spatulate, fleshy: peduncies iateral, one-flow- 


ered, 
- virginica 'h b. M. 2f.) calyx abbreviated, gla- 
~ brous: leaves ovate: stem erect: flowers sub- 
panicled, terminal. 
sibirica (Can. J. 24.) calyx abbreviated : radical 
leaves cordate. 


Punica, 62, 


granatum (pomegranite. E. h.) leaves lanceo- 
late : stem woody. 


PYcNANTHEMUM, 68. 


-Freanum (wild basil, mountain mint. O. w. vr. Tu. 
- 2.) leaves oblong-ovate, acute, subserrate, 
’ white downy : flowers:in' compound heads, la- 
* teral ones peduncled: bracts setaceous. About 
- 8 feet high. 

“aristatum (O. w. Ju. 2.) leaves lance-ovate. sub - 
~ serrate, short-petioled, whitish ; heads sessile : 
” bracts awned. 


~ PyretTurvm, 85. 


’ serotinum (North America. W. Oc. %.) leaves 


388 PYROLA. 4 


lanceolate ; lower ones serrate at the apex, up-_ 
per ones entire: branches corymbed. ; 


Pyrrona, 56. 


rotundifolia (shin-leaf, pear-leaf wintergreen. 0. 
w. J. 4.) leaves round or round-obovate, obso- 
letely serrulate : spike with the flowers revers-_ 
ed: pistil declinéd ; stigma round, with 5 tu-— 
bercles. ! 4 

secunda (one-sided shin-leaf. O. g-w. Ju. 2.) 
leaves round-ovate, acute, serrate : spike with | 
1-sided flowers: pistil strait: stigma peltate, 
gibbous. 4 

umflora (A. Can. J. 2{.) leaves suborbicular, ser-_ 
rate: scape 1-flowered : style strait. Very 
abundant near Tracy’s swamp, three miles 
west of Albany. a Tad q 

minor (W. P. Plainfield, Mass. w-r. Ju. 2.) 
leaves round-oval, serrulate : scape subnaked = 
spike with flowers reversed : pistil strait. 7 

asarifolia (P. Can. By: Ju. 2.) leaves reniform :_ 
scape remotely furnished with scales, some-_ 
times convolute and sheathing : pistil declined. 
On mountains. 7 


Pyrola, see Chimaphila. 


Remark. Dr. Smith, President of the Linne-— 
an society at London, says ; there is no diversity 
in the habit to justify the establishment ofthe ge-_ 
nus Chimaphila. ‘Those of us, who live among 
so many species of both genera, growing in their 
native wildness, want no arguments to convince 
us ; that, in this instance, the greatest botanist in” 
the world is in an error. We approve of his op-— 
position to the modern rage for innovation ; but 
in this case, no effort of the fancy can make out 
a family likeness between the stiff, strong, Bit : 
right, narrow-leaved maculata, and the broad, — 
Rlabby-leaved rofundifolia and its associates. ¢ 


PYRUS. 989 


Pyrvs, 62. 


communis (pear. E: w-r. M. bh.) leaves ovate, 
serrate, (rarely entire) peduncles corymbed, 

Var. pyraster (dwarf) fruit very small and acid. 

Var. falerna (bergamot) fruit orbicular, apple- 

form. Var. pompeiana (good christian.) Var. 

feconia (musk-pear.) Var. ligescens (butter 
pear.) Var. pahecras russet pear.) Var. pyr- 
amidalis (leg pear.) ‘These five last varieties 
are distinguished more by their flavor, than by 
any external marks. 

malus (apple. E. w-r. M. kh.) flowers in sessile 
umbels ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, ser- 
rate, glabrous : claws of the petals shorter than 
the calyx: styles glabrous. Var. sylvestris 

(wild apple) leaves ovate, serrate ; fruit small, 

austere. Var. prasomila (pippin.) Var. cas- 

tanea (chesnut apple.) Var. apiosa (ape apple) 
fruit small, round, red, pleasant-tasted. ae. 
cavillea (cornered apple) leaves broad-ovate, 
downy beneath : fruit angled. 

cydonia (quince. E. w. J. &.) flowers solitary =: 
fruit tomentose : leaves ovate, entire. Var. 
iusitanica, leaves very broad. 

Remark. The varieties into which the above 
species have been extended by culture, are very 
numerous. I have given those only, which are set 
down by Persoon, as the most distinct. 
coronaria (crab apple. Y. C. P.w-r. M. .) leaves 

broad-oval, at the base rounded, subangled or 

sublobed, serrate, smooth: peduncles corymb- 
ed. Flowers sweet scented. 
angustifolia (P.M. h.) leaves lance-oblong, at the 
base acute : slightly crenate-toothed shining ; 
peduncles corymbed. Fruit very small. 


Pyrus, See Aronia. 
ihe 


690 PYXIDANTHERA, QUERCUS. 


. 
rater eat fave Paes 


PYXIDANTHERA, 39, 


barbulata (box-flower. P. N@w-Jersey:Whitehills.. 
w. J. .) leaves wedge-lanceolate, acute, at the 
base within hairy or bearded ; anthers: beak 
ed at the base. | . 


°Q. 
Quercus, 94, 


1. Fruit subsessile; leaves mucronate with a bris- 
ile-form awn (excepting virens) entire. Fruc~ 
tification biennial.. 


phellos (willow oak. P. New-Jersey.M. h -) leaves: 
lance-linear, tapering to both ends, entire, gla- 
brous, mucronate : calyx saucer-form : acorn’ 
roundish. | : q 

virens (live oak. Southern states. M: }.) leaves? 
perennial, coriaceous, oblong-oval, © entire, 
revolute at the margin, at: the base’ obtuse, at. 
the apex acute, awnless, stellate pabescent be- 
neath.: fruit pedicelled : calyx turbinate, scales” 
abbreviated ; acorn oblong.'40 or 50 feet highs. 
very branching. , 

imbricaria: (shingle oak, laurel oak. P. M. bh. 

- leaves oblong, acute at both ‘ends, mucronate, 
entire, shining, pubescent beneath : calyx sau- 

- cer-form, scales broad-ovate': acorn subglobose 
40 or 50 feet high. 


2. Fruit subsessile 5) leaves mucronate with @ bris- 
ile form awn, toothed or lobed. | Fructification” 
‘biennial. : BOA 


heterophylla (burrier’s oak. M. }%) leaves long-- 
petioled lance-ovate or oblong, entire or une~ 
qually coarse-toothed : calyx hemispheric 3; 


QUERCUS. ‘S98 


-“ acorn’ subglobose. Pursh says, there is but 
»vone individual of this’ species knoww in the 
)- world, which is now growing on the Bartram. 
4 etme near Philadelphia. 
iloba (downy black oak. P: New-Jersey. M. h.) 
- leaves” blong, acute at the: base, sub-3- 
~ Jobed at the apex ; lobes equal in breadth, mu- 
- eronate; middle lobe longest, downy beneath : 
‘calyx saucer-form ; acorn compressed-globose. 
' 20 to 40 feet high. 
4h oper oak, black jack. P: New-Jersey. 
'M. }.) leaves coriaceous, wedge-form, subcor- 
» date at the base, spread and retuse-3-lobed at 
othe apex, in the young state it is mueronate, 
glabrous above, mealy rust beneath : calyx 
- tarbinate, scales obtuse, scarious ; acorn short-. 
» ovate. Small, 
inctoria (quercitron-oak, black‘oak. O..M. h .} 
keaves obovate oblong, a little sinuate, pubes- 
cent beneath ; lobes oblong, obtuse, obtusely 
denticulate, setaceous-mucronate: calyx sau- 
-cer-form ; acorn depressed-globose. 
discolor (false red. oak. O. M. bh.) leaves oblong. 
sinuate-pinnatifid, pubescent beneath and on 
both sides when young; lobes oblong, toothed, 
setaceous-mucronate : calyx turbinate ; acorn 
’ ovate. 
coccinea (scarlet oak. O. M. h.) leaves long-pe- 
tioled, oblong, deeply sinuate, glabrous ; lobes 
--divaricate, toothed, acute, setaceous-mucronate: 
calyx turbinate, marked with scales ; acorn 
short-ovate. This, the last, and the next spe- 
eles, are usually called red oak by farmers. 
>» And it requires some attention for the botan- 
» ist to distinguish them. The leaves of this 
| species become reddish and even scariet in 
autumn. 
rubra (ved oak. O. M. }.) leaves comespesetes 
oblong, glabrous, obtusely sinuate ; lobes acu- 
' ‘tish, toothed, setaceous-mucronate : calyx sau- 
cerform, smoothish ; acorn subovate, turgid. 


392 Bs} QUERCUS. 


falcata (spanish oak. P. New-Jersey. M. “}.} 
leaves long-petioled, at the base obtuse, downy, 
beneath, 3-lobed or sinuate ; lobes subfalcate,. 
setaceous-mucronate, tefminal one elongated ; 
calyx bowl-form ; acorn globose. es tree. 
palustris (pin oak. Catskill, New-England. P. C., 
M. h.) leaves long-petioled, oblong, deeply) 
sinuate, glabrous, axils of the veins villose be-. 
neath ; lobes divaricate, toothed, acute, setace- 
ous-mucronate : calyx saucer-form, smooth ; 
acorn subglobose. Generally grows in wet pla. 
ces. The small limbs along the body of the tree: 
nerally die as the tree py sans: which giveg; 

it the appearance of having pins or trunnels 
driven into it. 
rg (scrub oak. O. M. }.) leaves long-peti. 
oled, wedge-obovate, 4 or 5-lobed, margin en- 
tire, whitish downy beneath ; lobes setaceous- 
mucronate ; calyx subturbinate : acorn sub-glo- 
bose. <A low shrub. 


3. Fruit peduncled ; leaves without awns, lobedy 
Fructification annual. 


stellata (iron oak, post oak. Y. P. Catskill. Mv 
}.) leaves oblong, sinuate, wedge-form at the: 
base, pubescent beneath ; lobes obtuse, upper 
one dilated-2-lobed (often the lobes are SO ar- 
ranged in the young plants. as to form a cross: 
ae or stellate leaf) calyx hemispheric ; acorn 
oval. ‘ 

macrocarpa (over-cup oak. P. M. %.) leaves: 
downy beneath, deeply lyrate-sinuate-lobed ; 
lobes obtuse, repand, upper ones dilated : ca= 
lyx bowl-form, upper scales setose ; acorn tur= 
gid, ovate, large. A large tree. Bs. 

olivaeformis (mossy-cup oak, P. New-York. M.- 
hh.) leaves oes abrous, glaucous beneath, | 
deeply and unequally sinuate-pinnatifid ; calyx 


QUERCUS. 393 


_ deeply bowl-form with locks above (superne 
rf crinita) acorn oval-ovate. Large tree. 
alba (white oak. O. M. bh.) leaves oblong, sin- 
uate-pinnatifid, pubescent beneath ; lobes sub- 
_ linear, obtuse, entire, narrowed at their bases 
ry per penlariy on full grown trees) fruit pedun- 
_ cled: calyx somewhat bowlform, tubercled, 
flattened at the base ; acorn ovate. The most 
useful timber tree in America. 


< 


4. Fruit peduneled ; leaves without awns, toothed, 
not lobed. — 


Fructification annual. 


prinus (swamp chesnut oak, P. M. h.) leaves 
long-petioled, obovate, acute, pubescent be- 
neath, coarsely toothed : teeth about equal, 
spread, callous at the apex : calyx bowl-form, 
tapering at the base ; acorn ovate, large, 
sweet tasted. Large tree. 
prinoides (dwarf chesnut oak, chinquapin. P. 
M. hk.) leaves short-petioled, obovate, at the 
base acute, coarsely toothed, glaucous beneath ; 
teeth nearly equal, spread, iiinas at the apex : 
calyx hemispherical ; acorn ovate. A low 
~ shrub. 
montana, (rock oak, chesnut oak, mountain oak. 
0. M. kh.) leaves moderately petioled, broad- 
obovate, oblong, white downy beneath, shining 
above ; coarsely toothed, at the base obtuse, 
- oblique ; teeth subequal, very obtuse, short: 
fruit in pairs, short-peduncled : calyx hemis- 
_ pheric, scales rugose tubercled : acorn ovate. 
_castanea (yellow oak. P. A. Catskill. New-Eng- 
land. M. kh.) leaves long-petioled, lance-ob- 
long, obtuse at the base, acuminate, downy be- 
neath, coarsely toothed; teeth subequal, 
_ spread, acute, callous at the apex: calyx hem- 
ene ; acorn globular-ovate. Large tree. 
_ The bark is used for dying yellow. 


oo 


504 QUERCUS)RANUNCULUS; 


' bicolor (swamp white oak.’ P.M. )\) ‘leaves: 
short-petioled, oblong-obovate,”° white-downy 
- beneath, ‘coarsely toothed, entire at the base ;__ 
' teeth unequal,’ spread, aeutish, callous at th | 
apex: fruit i pairs, long-peduncied; the pe-— 
dancle terminating in a bristle : calyx hem- 
—ispheric : acorn obiéng-ovate. “Large tree. 
‘Remark. The Jocalities of the oaks have not 
been well settled, tothe north of Pennsylvania. 
Therefore students may expect to find several of 
the species, credited to Pennsylvania only, inthe» 
Northern states. ‘This remark will apply to sev-_ 
eval other genera, | | 


QuERtA, 33. 


- canadensis (fork chickweed. Y.W.H. P. A. Fu. 2.) 

_ stem‘ dichotomous, very branching, spread < 
Teaves lanceolate, glabrous, erect. About 6 or 
8-inches high, very slendér and branching.— 
Flowers very small, stamens from 2 to 5, An- 

ychia dichotoma. Mx. i 


“R. 


‘RANUNCULUS, 67. 


x 


acris (crow-foot, butter-cup. O. y. M. ¥.) hairs. 
clese-pressed : leaves 3-parted-many-cleft, up- 
 perones linear: peduncles terete :.calyx spread- 
Ing. 
3 ibrtianss (O.y. M. 2.) glabrous : stem striate, 
naked below : radical leaves heart-reniform, 
- obtusely crenate ; cauline ones petioled, ter-— 
nate, angled, apper ones sessile : branches sub- 
3-flowers.  Fisowers small. | 
-repens\(Hs: WP. ©. ys M. 2/2) thirsute : Jeaves 
= ternate, 3-cleft,. gashed :*creeping shoots are 
sent ‘off in the’ summer > peduncles sulcate : 
calyx spreading. ie 
vecurvatus (A, C. y-w. F. 2.) pubescent y Teaves. 


RANUNCULUS, S95» 


, 5-lobed ; lobes wedgeform at the base, gashed 
at the apex, acute ; stem many-flowered : 
calyx el recurved; petals linear. Flow- 
ers small. 
cicularis (H. A. P. C.’y. M. 2f.) leaves subpu- 
bescent, radical ones long-peduncled, ternate - 
or subpinnate ; leafets 3-lobed, the terminal — 
one deeply 3-cleft: calyx spreading, hairy un- 
derneath ; petals longer than the calyx ; root 
fascicled. See Big. Florula Bost. 
weiatilis (river crowfoot, O. w-y. M. 2.) stem 
submersed : leaves all capillary, dichotomous. 
The whole under water, excepting the fructifi- 
cation while the corol is expanded, 
aquatilis (water crowfoot, P. Can. w. J. 2.) the 
submersed leaves capillary ; those above water 
peltate. 
sae = et We y- 4.) submersed leaves very 
neky divided, divisions dichotomous ; those 
above water coarser ; calyx expanding, smooth, 
concave ; petals orbicular, entire, twice as long 
as the calyx ; nectary orbicular, bifid. A new 
species by Dr. Torrey ; though he suspects it 
may be a variety of the fluviatilis. 
bulbosus (A. H. P. y. M. 2.) very hirsute: leaves 
ternate, 3S-cleft, gashed and toothed : stem 
_ erect, many-flowered: peduncles sulcate : ca- 
lyx reflexed : root bulbose. 
hirsutus (W. P. Vermont. y. Ju. %.) hirsute : 
leaves ternate, gash-lobed ; stem erect, many- 
flowered ; peduncles sulcate : calyx reflexed, 
acuminate : seeds tubercled: root fibrous. R. 
philonotis. 
flammula (spearwort. A. C. P. y. 4.) glabrous : 
stem declined : leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute, 
entire and denticulate, lower ones petioled : pe- 
-duncles terminal, axillary, 1-flowered : calyx 
subreflexed. Flowers small. ; 
sceleratus (celery crowfoot. O. y. J. 2.) glab-, 
_rous : lower leaves palmate ; upper ones ses- 
sile, digitate; fruit oblong, 


596 RANUNCULUS, 


branching : leaves ternate, 3-cleft, gashed, 
hairy beneath ; peduncles terete : calyx reflex- 


large. 


3 


pensylcanicus (C. Y. P. y- Ju. 2.) pilose, erect, 4 


: 


ed: petals aboutequalling the ealyx. Flowers — 


pusillus (C. y. Ju. ¥.) glabrous : leaves petioled: 


‘lower ones ovate, tcothed ; upper ones lance- 
Jinear, toothed at the apex, the very uppermost 


| 


ones linear, bract-like : peduncles alternate, — 


solitary, 1-flowered. 


lingua (great spearwort. P. y. Ju. 2/.) hairs close- | 


pressed : leaves lanceolate, subdenticulate, acu- 
minate, subsessile ; stem erect, many-flowered. 
He teed (dwarf spearwort. P. y. Ju. 2.) leaves 


inear entire : stem creeping. Perhaps avari- © 


ety of the flammula. 
marylandicus (P. w-y. M. 4.) pubescent: stem 


simple, cubnaked : radical leaves ternate ; leaf- — 


ets 3-lobed, lubes acute gashed : calyx reflex- 

ed. 

hispidus (P. w-y. J. Y.) very hirsute, erect : 
leaves ternate ; leafets acutely lobed ; stem 


— ere 


naked helow the first peduncle, few-flowered : _ 


calyx close-pressed. 


eymbalaria (Onondaga, w-y. J. ¥.) glabrous, very 


small, filiform, creeping, rooting at the joints : 


-leaves heart-reniform, obtusely 5-toothed : ra- — 
dical peduncles solitary, mostly 2-flowered : 


petals linear : fruit oblong. 


fiiformis (P. Can. w-y. J. %.) glabrous, small : | 


stem filiform, creeping, ener ss with the 
Joints 1-flowered : leaves 
tuse. 


nitidus (New-Jersey. P. w. Ju. 2-) very glab- — 
rous : stem fistulous : radical leaves round-ren- — 


inear-subulate, ob- — 


+ « 


iform, obtusely crenate, cauline ones sessile, — 
‘digitate ; leaféts gashed, divisions obtuse : 


seeds subglobose, very glabrous. 


avricomus (P. y. M. %.) pubescent : radical” 
leaves reniform, 3-parted, gash-c renate, cau-_ 
ae | al : 

s sew ee , 


RANUNCULUS, RESEDA. — 397 


line ones sessile, digitate, linear: stem many- 
flowered: calyx coloured, spreading. 
lanuginosus (P. y. J. 4.) hirsute : leaves 3-cleft, 
lobed, toothed, all over silky : peduncles elon- 
gated, terete : calyx spreading. 
saniculaeformis (sanicle-crowfoot. A. C.) very 
hirsute : leaves all 3-parted; divisions gash- 
serrate : peduncles short, bearing 2 or 3 small 
flowers : calyx reflexed, hirsute : leafets lan- 
ceolate, acute, longer than the petals. Muh. 
credits this plant to Delaware only. Last sum- 
mer Dr. Torrey found it near New-York, and 
drew this description from living specimens. 
Dr. Beck found it also growing near Albany. 


RAPHANUS, 75. 


sativus (garden-radish. E. w. J. ©.) leaves ly- 
rate : rk terete, torose, 2-celled. There 
are several varieties of this species—one has a 
fusiform, another a globose, another a black 
root. 

raphanistrum (wild radish, charleck. N. y. Au.) 
eaves lyrate: siliques terete, jointed, smooth, 
i-celled. Before the silique is mature, it is gen- 
erally 2-celled and not jointed. It may have 
been introduced ; but it is now growing wild in 
all the middle and southern towns of the western 
counties of Massachusetts. 


ResEDA, 61. 


silorata (mignonetie. E. w-y. Ju. &.) leaves en- 
tire, and 3-lobed : calyx equalling the corol. 

luteola (dyer’s weed. Y. y. Au. G) leaves lanceo- 
late, undulate, entire, a tooth on each side of 
the base : calyx 4-cleft : flowers spiked. Prof. 
Ives found this plant growing near New-Ha- 
ven, in situations and with habits, which induc- 
ed him to suspect it be indigenous. 

i 


598  RHAMNUS, RHINANTHUS; 


RHAMNUS, 41, 


alnifoius (dwarf alder. O. w-g. M. %.) unarm- 
ed : leaves oval, acuminate, strrulate, pubes- 
cent at the nerves beneath : peduncles 
gates 1-flowered : calyx acute : fruit turbinate. 
Berries black. Pursh calls this the frangu- 
loides, after Mx. and gives this name to a spe- 
cies found up the Missouri. H 

catharticus (buckthorn. E. h.) thorns terminal: 
flowers 4-cleft,dioecious : leaves ovate, serrate, 


RuevumM,; 55: 


palmatum (rhubarb. E. J. %.) leaves palmate, 
acuminate. From China. 

dataricum (pie rhubarb. E. J. %.) leaves heart- 
ovate, entire, flat, glabrous : petioles semite- 
rete, angled : branches of the panicle sulcate. 
The radicalleaves very large. From Tartary, 


RuHExIA, 54, 


virginica (meadow beauty, deer-grass. Y. C. H. 
.p. Ju. %.) stem wing-angled, with scatter- 
ed hairs: leaves sessile, lance-oval, denticu- 
late, setaceous, ciliate-errate. About 8 inch- 
es high. ig 
mariana (New-Jersey. w-r. Ju. 2.) stem and 
leaves very hirsute: leaves subpetioled, lance- 
— or lance-linear: calyx smoothish, tubular, 
ong. 


RHINANTHUS, 71. 


crista-galli (yellow rattle. yellow coxcomb. Can. 
y. J. &.) upper lip of the corol emarginate, 2- 
toothed, wide 
short. 


dle division of the under lip very 


eS Oa ee eee. 


RHODODENDON, RHUS. $99 


RwopopENDON, 57. 


maccimum (wild rose-bay, H. C. r. Ju. h.) leaves 
g, glabrous, paler beneath ; umbels ter- 
minal, dense : corols sub-bellform ; petals 
rounded. A small tree. 
ponticum (rose bay. E. p. h.) leaves oblong, 
glabrous, both sides coloured alike : corymbs 
od ong : corol bell-wheelform ; petals lance- 
ate. 


Rnopora, 56. 


canadensis (false honey-suckle, rhodora. H. Can. 
Granby, Mass. b. r. M. hb.) leaves oval, en- 
tire, glaucous-pubescent beneath : flowers in 
terminal umbels. About 2 feet high, 


Ruvs, 47. 


iyphinum (sumach. O. y-& Ju. h.) branches and 
petioles very villose : leaves pinnate, many- 
aired, leafets lance-oblong, serrate, somewhat 
owny beneath. Berries red and very sour. 
glabrum (sleek sumach. QO. g, r. Ju. .) branch- 
~ es, petioles and leaves glabrous: leaves pin- 
nate, many-paired ;  leatets lance-oblong, 
serrate, whitish beneath: frait silky. The 
leaves of both these species are used for tan- 
_ ning morocco leather. Berries red and sour. 
copallinum (wing-rib sumach, mountain sumach. 
QO. y-g. Ju. kh.) branches punctate ; leaves pin- 
nate, In about 5 or 6 pairs, with the main pe- 
tiole joint-winged ; leafets lance-oval entire : 
panicle leafy, branches sub-sessile: flowers 
dioecious. Berries red. 
vermx (poison sumach. O. y-g. Ju. h.) very 
glabrous : leaves pinnate, many-paired ; leat- 
ets oval, abruptly acuminate, entire: pani- 
cle lax: dioecious : fruit glabrous. Berries 


400 RHUS, RIBES. q 


green, at length whitish. Panicle few-flower- — 
ed compared with the preceding species. 
Very poisonous. See Bigelow’s Med. Bot. — 
toxicodendron (poison vine, péison ash. O. g. Ju. 
h .) rooting: leaves ternate : leafets oval, en- — 
tire or sinuate-crenate : racemes on the branch- — 
es and axillary, sessile : dioecious. Var. rad- — 
icans (poison ivy) stem climbing and rooting; — 
leafets broad, entire or with scattered teeth. — 
Var. quercifolium (poison oak) erect, low: — 
leafets variously sinuate-lobed. Var. microcar- — 
pon, leafets oblong-oval, long-acuminate, sub-. — 
rhombic : fruit very small. The sap of this — 
species is an excellent marking ink for linen. — 
aromaticum (P. y. M. k.) a very little woody: — 
flowers amentaceous, naked : leaves ternate : ; 
leafets rhombic-oval, toothed, pubescent, be- — 
neath.. Dioecious. P 


Hi y 


RuynxcwosPors, 29. 


sparsa (false bog-rush. P. Ju. ¥.) corymbs dif- — 
fuse, axillary, compound : terminal ones decom- — 
pound : peduncles capillary : seeds longer than — 
the beaks. a 

glomerata (P. J. 2%.) spikes corymbed-fascicled, — 
a in pairs: culm obtuse-angled ; leaves 
inear. | : 

alba (P. H. Ju. 2£.) spikes corymbed-fascicled : — 
culm and leaves setaceous. 3 

ciliata (P. ¥.) spikes corymbed-fascicled, termin~ 
ai: bracts and leaves obtusish, ciliate. 


fee 


Rrees,. 42. 
1. Currant-like. Flowers racemed. 


rubrum (currant. E. g. M. kh.) unarmed: ra-— 
cemes glabrous, nodding: corol flat ; petals 
obcordate: leaves obtusely 5-lobed : stem erect. 
Berries red. , oD 


RIBES. “of 


nigrum (black currant. E. g. M. h.) unarmed : 
leaves punctate beneath: racemes lax : flowers 
bellform . bracts shorter than the pedicels. 
Berries black. 
albinervium (Can. Catskill Mt. g-y. M. h.) un- 
armed: leayes abbreviated, acutely lobed, 
smoothish, nerves white: racemes recurved ; 
berry glabrous. Berries red. 
trifidum (P. Can. y-g. M- ).) unarmed : leaves 
moderately lobed,glabrous above,pubescent be- 
neath : racemes lax, pubescent : flowers flattish : 
divisions of the calyx about 3-cleft : petals spat- 
ulate, obtuse : berries hirsute. Berries red. 
ringens (Can. P. M. }.) unarmed : branches 
strait : leaves acutely lobed and toothed, retic- 
-nlate-rugose, pubescent beneath : racemes lax, 
becoming stiffly erect ; berry subhispid. Ber- 
ries red, erect. 
glandulosum (QO. r-y. M. kh.) unarmed : branch- 
es reclined-prostrate : leaves lobed, smoothish, 
younger ones pubescent: racemes suberect : 
tals deltoid : bracts minute : berry hispid. 
ost of the plant, particularly the calyx, cov- 
ered with glandular hairs, 
recurvaium (V. y. A. hb.) unarmed : branches 
~ recurved: leaves broadish, acutely lobed, pu- 
bescent, glandular-punctate : racemes reflex- 
ed: calyx tubular, glabrous, 

Jfloridum (wild black-currant. 0. M. ®.) unarm- 
_ ed: leaves punctate both sides : racemes pen- 
~ dant : calyx cylindric: bracts longer than the 

pedicels. 


2. Gooseberry-like. Peduncles mostly fewflow- 
ered ; rarely subracemed. 


grossularia (english gooseberry E. g- M. h.) 
branches prickly : petioles hairy : bracts 2. 
leaved : berry glabrous or hirsute. 

uva-crispa (smoot oe ke E. g. M. Bb.) 

19 


4.02 RIBES, RIOCIA. 


branches prickly : be labrous.; pedicels 
with 1-leaved bracts, " pela a Ces of 
grossularia. ae itt 
triflorum (wild gooseberry. O. g. M. ».) spine 
subaxillary : leaves glabrous, 3 to 5-lobed, — 
gash-toothed : peduncles sub-3-flowered with 
the pedicels elongated: bracts very short : 
petals spatulate, undulate : style hirsute, half 
2 or 38-cleft, exsert: berry glabrous, Ber- 
ries pale red. | 
hirtellum (W. Troy. Can. P. g¢. M. }.) spines 
very small, subaxillary : branches. subhis- 
pid: leaves small, semitrifid ; lobes subden- 
tate : peduncles 1-flowered : berry glabrous. 
Berries red. 
oxyacanthoides (C. P. Can. M. }.) the large and 
subsolitary prickles near the buds, the smaller 
ones scattered : leaves glabrous, with toothed 
lobes : peduncles short, about 2-flowered : ber- 
ries glabrous. 
gracile (P. W? ©. M. %.) little spines subaxilla- 
ry: leaves petioled, slender, pubescent both 
sides ; lobes acutely gash-toothed : peduncles 
capillary, about 2-flowered : calyx bell-tubu- 
lar: berries glabrous. Berries bluish purple. 
lacustris (Can. P. g-y. M. }.) spines manyfold, 
subaxillary : stem every where aculeate-his- 
pid : leaves lobed beyond the middle : petioles 
villose : berries somewhat racemed, hispid. 
conobasti (Can. P. Catskill Mt. g. M. hk.) pric- 
kles in pairs: leaves short-lobed, gash-toothed, 
with soft pubescence: racemes nodding, few- 
flowered : calyx erect, bellform: berry prickly. 
Berries dark brown. y 


Ricets, 110. 
natans (floating liverwort: W. Ju.) fronds obcor- 


date, with apexes meeting, so ag to form the 
sectors of circles, flat: radicles beneath flat, 


~ 


RICCIA, ROBINIA. 405 


Very abundant in a standing water one mile 
northwest of Williams College, near the north 
bank of the Hoosack. It floats on the water, 
with its short flat roots extending a little dis- 
tance into it. Colour sea-green. Each con- 
geries of floating fronds hardly an inch in di- 
ameter. Channels run on their backs, like 
midribs in leaves. 

fluitans (forkstems. W. J.) fronds rig “A egg for- 
ked, linear, convex or subcylindric, smooth, 
reticulate, obtuse and cloven at thetips. Very 
plenty in stagnant water among the Lemna 
in Mr. Noble’s field near Williams College. 
These plants appear like the branching stems 
of Yc re without any roots. They are pellu- 
cid, very cellular, about 2 or S$ inches long. 

glauca, frond many parted, forked, cloven at the 
top, grooved, obtuse. 


Ricinus, 96. 


communis (caster-oil plant, palma christi. E.©.) 
leaves peltate, palmate ; lobes lanceolate, ser- 
rate : stem with hoary mealiness. 


Riyina, 36. 


Taevis (rough-seed. P. r. S. ) .) racemes simple: 
leaves ovate, acuminate, glabrous, flat: stem 
terete. Margins of the leaves often purple. 


Rosrintia, 79. 


pseudo-acacia(locust tree, false acacia, Can. P. w. 
M. h..) leaves pinnate, with a terminal leafet : 
stipules thorny, or a thorn: racemes pendant: 
teeth of the calyx awned: legumes smooth. 
Cultivated every where. 

viscosa (clammy locust. Southern states. Ju. 

~ kh.) racemes with 1-flowered pedicels,.; leayes 


- 


464 ROBINIA, ROSA. | 


innate, with a terminal leafet : branches and | 
egumes with viscous glands : calyx acumin- 
ate. Racemes axillary, dense-flowered, erect 5 
flowers approaching from white tored. __ 
hispida (rose locust. Southern states. P. k .) ra 
cemes axillary, suberect : calyx acuminate i 
stem mostly unarmed ; most of the plant his<_ 
id: leaves pinnate, with a terminal leafet; 
eafets round-oval, mucronate, sometimes al- 
ternate. An elegant shrub. thins 
caragana (siberian locust. E.) leaves abruptly 
pinnate : calyx somewhat bellform : stigma 
glabrous, truncate : ieaue cylindric. There 
are several varieties of this plant which have— 
been divided into species. See 2d Persoong 
page 312. : & 


i 


Rosa, 63. q 


corymbosa (swamp rose. QO. r-w. Ju. h.) germs © 

(permanent calyxes) globose ; germs and pe- — 
duncles a little hispid, or glabrous : petioles — 
hairy and a little prickly : stem glabrous: 

rickles stipular, subuncinate : leafets 5 or 7, 
ance-oblong, acute, sharply serrate, glaucous — 
beneath : flowers solitary or corymbed. R, — 
carolina. From 3 to 6 feet high, Very varie 
able. Dr, Bigelow sent three specimens to — 
the greatest botanist in Europe, which were all — 
taken from different parts of the same plant. — 
He received an answer making two of the spe- _ 
cimens different described species, and the — 
third one a new species. ; 

parviflora (wild rose. O. r. w. J. hk.) germs de- 

pressed-globuse ; germs and peduncles hispid ; 
petioles pubescent, subaculeate : stem glab- — 
yous : prickles stipular, strait : leafets lance- 
oval, simply serrate, glabrous: flowers some- 
what in pairs, Very variable. Grows mostly 
on dry land. 


P ovate: (sweet briar. C. Y. P. N. r.J. h -) germ 


. 


ROSA. 405 


ovate : peduncles and petioles glandular-his- 
" pid; petiotes somewhat prickly : stem glab- 
~ vous ; prickles scattered, strait, slender ; lea- 
 fets (5 or 7) ovate, serrate, scarcely glandular- 
- hairy beneath: branchlets 1-flowered : divis- 
’ ions of the calyx entire. R. suaveolens. The 
-*leayes have often a rusty appearance beneath. 
lucida (P. vr. Ju. kh.) germs depressed-globose : 
germs and peduncles subhispid : petioles glab- 
_ rous, subaculeate : stem glabrous ; prickles 
stipular, strait: leafets lance-ovate, obtusish, 
coarsely serrate, glabrous, shining: flowers 
somewhat in pairs: divisions of the calyx en- 
tire. 4 to 6 feet high. 
gamella (P. N ew-England. r. Ju. R-) germs de- 
pressed-globose : germs and peduncles glab- 
rous : flowers somewhat in pairs: leaves ob- 
long, acute, opake ; petioles and veins pubes- 
cent beneath: prickles uncinate, the cauline 
ones in pairs below the axils. 
setigera (bristly rose. Southern states. J. h.)} 
germs globose: petioles and nerves prickly : 
branches glabrous : prickles in pairs and soat- 
tered : leafets (3 or 5). acuminate, glabrous : 
divisions of the calyx somewhat winged-bris- 
tle-bearing. 5 to 8 fect high. A 
pendulina (thornless rose. North America? E? 
r.J. R.) unarmed: germs oblong : peduncles 
~ and petioles hispid: stem and branches glab- 
~ vous : fruit pendant, 


_nitida (P.r. J. bh.) germs globose ; the whole 


calyx, peduncles and branches hispid ; petioles 
a little hairy, unarmed : leafets (7) lance-ob- 
long, very glabrous and shining both sides. 

canina (dog-rose. New-Jersey. h .) germs ovate; 
germs and peduncies glabrous ; stem and pe- 
tioles prickly : leaves ovate, glabrous. 

gallica (trench rose, common rose. E. r. J. R-) 
germs ovate; germs and peduncles hispid ; 


> 


406 ROSA. © ; 
¥ 
stem and petioles hispid-prickly. Sometimes 
the colours are variegated. eras 4 
dumascena (damask rose. E. w. r. J. h.) calyx 
half-pinnate: germ ovaté, turgid (thickened 
near its top) bristly: stem and petioles prick-— 
ly ; leafets ovate, ge downy beneath.’ 
muscosa (mess rose. E. r. Au. }.) germs ovate: 
calyx, peduncles, petioles and branches hispid, 
glandular-viscid (mossy-like) spines of the 
branches scattered, strait. a 
moschata (musk rose. E. kh.) germs ovate ; 
germs and peduncles villose : stem and peti- 
oles prickly : leafets chlong, acuminate, glab-_ 
rous : panicles many-flowered. 
burgundiaca eatin rose. E. ».) germs sub- 
globose ; germs and peduncles hispid: leafets 
ovate, pubescent beneath: corol small, full, 
fleshy-white, disk obscure. _ Var. provincialis, 
has scattered refiexed prickles on the branch- 
es, and glandular serratures. 
semperflorens (monthly rose. E, kh.) germs ovate- 
oblong, tapering to both ends : germs and pe- 
duncles hispid : stem prickly : flowers in 
~ erect corymds. Resembles damascena. 
alba (white rese. E. w. J. bh.) gernis erate, 
glabrous or hispid : stem and petioles prickly : 
eafets ovate, villose beneath. 
pimpinellifolia. (burnet rose. E. r. 2.) germs gio- 
bose ; germs and peduncles glabrous : stem with 
scattered strait prickles : leaves obtuse ; peti- 
oles scabrous. Very small. 
centifolia (hundred leaved rese. E. }.) germs 
ovate ; germs and peduncles hispid : stem hispid, 
prickly : leaves pubescent beneath ; petioles 
unarmed. 
cinnamomea (cinnamon rosc. E. kh.) germs gio- 
bose ; germs and peduncles glabrous : stem with 
stipular prickles : petioles somewhat unarmed : 
leafets oblong. R.majalis. Stem brown-cinna- 
mon colour. 


ROSA, RUBUS. 407 


ae ( japan rose. E. h .) germs ovate ; germs 
and peduncles unarmed, villose : stem and peti- 
oles prickly." Branches generally purple, leaf- 
ets ovate, flowers small, panicled. 
inosissima (scotch rose. K. h.) germs globose, 
glabrous : peduncles hispid : stem and petioles 
very hispid. Var. scotica, is smaller. 

parvifolia (small-leaf rose. E. kh.) smail: germs 
ovate, subglabrous: peduncles glandular : stem 
and petioles with slender prickles; leafets ru- 
gose, a little villose beneath, ovate, glandular- 

errate 


s , 

Remark. Thirteen exotic species of the rose may 
be considered disproportioned to other parts of 
this Manual. But as all these species are cul- 
tivated im the interior of Massachusetts, and most 
of them in Albany and Troy, descriptions of them 
may not be unacceptable. These species were most- 
ly. analyzed in the living state, and obligingly fur- 
nished for this work by Miss Henshaw, of North- 
ampton. 


ROSMARINUS, 27. 


officinalis (rosemary. E. h.) leaves. some green 
both sides, others whitish beneath, linear, mar- 
gins revolute. 


Rust, 55. 


iinctoria (madder. E.) leaves lanceolate, about in 
sixes : stem prickly, climbing. Var. sylvestris, 
lower leaves in sixes, upper ones in fours or in 
pairs. 
Rusvs, 63. 
ideus (garden raspberry. E. w. M. }.) leaves 


quinate-pinnate and ternate ; leafets rhomb- 
ovate, acuminate, downy beneath ; petioles 


408. RUBUS. 4. 


channelled : stem prickly-hispid ; flowers sub- — 
panicled. A variety has asmeoth stem.  . 
strigosus (red raspberry. O. w. J. h.) unarmed: 
rigidly hispid : leafets 3, or pmmnate-quinate, 
oval, ‘at the base obtuse, acuminate, marked 
with lines and white-downy beneath: calyx 
acuminate : flowers axillary, solitary at the 
ends of the branches : peduncles and calyx his- 
pid. Berries red, sweet, acines yery slightly 
attached. es pat 
odoratus (flowering. raspberry. O. r. J...) un- 
armed, erect, viscid-hispid : leaves. simple, — 
-acutely S or 5-lobed : corymbs terminal, 
spreading : calyx appendiculate ; petals sub- — 
orbiculate. Flowers large, berries rather 
dry and thin. | 
occidentalis (black raspberry. 0. w.J.}.)branch- — 
es and petioles glaucous and prickly : leaves 
ternate, oval, acuminate, sublobate and donb- © 
jy serrate, white downy beneath ; petioles te- 
rete : prickles recurved. 
villosus (high blackberry. O. w. J. h.) pubes- 
cent, hispid and prickly : leaves digitate, in 
threes or fives ; leafets ovate-oblong, acumin- 
ate, serrate, hairy both sides: stem and peti- 
oles prickly : calyx short, acuminate : racemes 
lax, pedicels solitary. 
irivialis (creeping blackberry, dew-berry. O. w. | 
J. kh.) sarmentose-procumbent : petioles and 
peduncles aculeate-hispid with the prickles re- 
curved: stipules subulate: leaves ternate or 
quinate, oblong-oval, acute, unequally serrate, 
subpubescent : pedicels solitary, elongated : 
etals obovate, thrice as long as the calyx.— 
ar. fiageliaris, has orbicular petals and small 
smooth leaves. yas 
suaatilis (brier herb, rock blackberry. O. w. J. 
2%.) herbaceous, pubescent : stem creeping: 
leaves ternate, rhombic, acute, gash-toothed, 
naked, terminal one petioled : flowers some- 
what in threes ; pedicels elongated. 


RUBUS, RUDBECKIA. 409° 


obovalis (C. M. 2.) stem becoming alittle woody, 
ispid with stiff hairs : leaves ternate, round- 
obovate, serrate, naked : stipules setaceous : 
racemes subcorymbed, few-flowered : bracts 
ovate : pedicels elongated. | 
ineifolius (P. New-Jersey. J. ) .) branches, pe- 
tioles and peduncles downy, with recurved 
Seg, leaves digitate, in threes or fives ; 
“feafets wedge-ebovate, unequally toothed 
above, plaited, downy beneath, margin entire, 
revolute : racemes terminal, panicled ; pedi- 
cel divaricate nakedish. 
hispidus (P. Can. w. J. bk .) sarmentose-procumb- 
ent : stem, petioles and peduncles very hispid 
‘with rigid bristles : leaves ternate, gash-ser- 
rate, naked, middle one peduncled. 
canadensis (Can. New-England. J. h.) a little 
labrous : leaves digitate in tens, fives and 
threes; leafets lanceolate, naked both sides, 
sharply serrate : stem unarmed : bracts lance- 
olate. Stem re 
chamaemorus (cloud-berry. Can. New-England. 
w.J. 4%.) herbaceous, small: stem unarmed, 
1-flo arcs erect: leaves simple, subreniform, 
ue obed : petals oblong. 
acaulis (Can. J.%.) herbaceous, small, nearly 
stemless, 1-flowered: leaves almost radical, 
ternate : leafets sessile, lateral ones somewhat 
trapezoidal. | 


f. 


-Repgecxra, 87. 


laciniata (cone-flower, cone-disk sunflower. 0. y. 
_ Au, 1.) lower leaves pinnate, leafets 5-lobed ; 
upper ones ovate: egret crenate: stem glab- 

rous. From 5 to 10 feet high. 

digitata (P. y. Au. 1.) lower leaves pinnate, leaf- 

ets pinnatifid ; upper ones simply pinnate ; 
_ top ones 3-cleft : egret crenate : stem smooth. 
pinnata (P. y. Ju, Y. ies all pinnate ; one or 


419.  RUDBECKIA, RUMEX, — 


more of the lower leafets 2-parted, the restun- _ 
divided : egret entire ; stem furrowed, hispid. — 
triloba (P. y. Au. %.) pilose-hispid : stem pani- 
cled ; branches divaricate, many-flowered, 
jeafy : leaves lanceolate, Acuminate at both 
ends, serrate, lower ones 3-lobed : Jeafets of the 
calyx linear, defiexed, of the length of the rays. 
4or5feethigh | ) . 
Julgida (P. Au. 21.) stem hispid: branches wand- 
ike; elongated, 1-flowered: leaves lance-ob- 
long, denticulate, hispid, narrow at the base: 
subcordate: calyx leafy, about equalling the 
ray: disk hemispheric, with lanceolate chaff: 
firta (P. y. Ju. aI.) very hirsute: stem wand- 
like, sub-ramose, 1-flowered : peduncles naked : 
Jeaves ovate-spatulate, S-nerved, serrate, 
rough-haired : calyx leafy, nearly SANGBIng 
the rays; disk conic, with lanceolate chaff, 
purpurea (P.p. Ju. 2.) rough: lower leaves 
broad-ovate, tapering to the base, remotely 
toothed : cauline leaves lance-ovate, acuminate 
at mth ends, subentire: rays long, pendant,. 
2-cleft. | 


RUELLIA, 72. 


strepens (ruel. P. w-b. Ju. 2.) erect, hirsute : 
leaves petioled, lance-ovate, entire : peduncles 
1 to 3-flowered : divisions of the calyx lanceo- 
Jate, hispid, half as long as the tube of tlie ce- 
rol. Flowers large. | 


RuMEX, 52. 


crispus (dock. O. Ju. 2%.) valves of the calyx 
ovate, entire, all bearing grain-like appendages 
on their backs: leaves lanceolate, undulate, 
acutish. | 7 

obtusifolius (O. J. 2!.) valves toothed, one princi- 
pally bearing a grain-like appendage ; radical 


RUMEX, SABBATIA. — 41h 


_ Jeaves heart-oblong obtuse : stem a little seab- 
rous, 
werticillatus (Can. Troy. P. J. 24.) valves en- 
tire, all bearing grain-like appendages : spikes 
‘(about 3) leafless, with the flowers half- 
. 2 iar : leaves lanceolate : sheathing stipu- 
_ les cylindric. . ' 
britanicus (H. P. A. J. 2.) yalve entire, all bear- 
ing grain-like appendages : spikes of the pani- 
_cle leafless : sheathing stipules obsoletely torn : 
leaves broad-lanceolate, flat, smooth. 
sanguineus (bloody dock. P. J. 2/.) valves entire, 
oblong, one principally bearing the grain-like 
appendage: leaves heart-lanceolate. 
aquaticus (water dock. P. Y. C. Ju. %.) valves 
‘ovate, entire, bearing obsolete grains: leaves 
heart-lanceolate, acute. 
- acutus (P. E ? 2%.) valves toothed, bearing grain- 
like appendages : leaves heart-oblong, acumin- 
ate. 
patientia (garden dock, patience. E. 2.) valves 
~ entire, one of them bearing a grain-like ap- 
pendage : leaves lance-ovate. . 


aon 
- 


Rumex, see Lapathum. 
Ruppra, 36. 


maritima (tassel pondweed. P. J. 2.) floating: 
leaves pectinate, obtuse ; flowers spiked. 


Ruta, 56. 
raveolens (rue. E.) leaves more than decom- 
"pound; leafets oblong, terminal ones obovate : 
_ petals entire. 
S, 
Sabbatia, see Chironia. = * 


412 SACCHARUM, SAGITTARIA. 


SaccHARUM, 31.0 


oficinarum (sugar cane. E..) flowers panicled, in 
pairs, one sessile and one pedicelled : corol 1- 
valved, awnless. From the East Indies ori- 
ginally. . 


SAGINA, 36. 


procumbens (pearlwort. Y. C. w. g. J. %.) stem 
procumbent, glabrous: petals very short.— 
Persoon and Smith say this species grows in 
barren fields, and Pursh repeats the remark. 
‘But at New-Haven it grows only in. running 
water or very wet shady places, forming a 
kind of water mat. I believe I was the first 
who found this plant in the Northern states.— 
Prof. Ives then doubted my accuracy on ac- 
count of its place of growth. F am now inclined 
to believe, that his doubts were well founded, 
and that this is a new species ; notwithstand- 
ing it agrees with the above diagnosis. _ 
apetala (P. J. ©.) stem erectish, pubescent : 
fiowers sub-apetalous. Both: species have lin- 
ear, glabrous, connate leaves and axillary flow- 
ers. 


SAGETTARIA, 94. — 


sagittifolia (arrow-head. O. w. Ju. 2.) leaves 
lanceolate, acute, sagittate ; lobes lanceolate, 
acute, strait: scape simple : bracts and calyx 
Janceolate, acute. In water or very wet places. 

latifolia (O. w. Ja. 2.) leaves ovate acutish, sa- 
gittate ; lobes ovate, slenderly acuminate, 
strait: scape simple: bracts roundish, obtuse. 
Var. major, leaves large, abruptly acute : 
scape subramose. Dioecious. = ee | 

obtusu (P. w. J. 2.) leaves. broad-ovate,. round- 


- SAGITTARIA. 413 


obtuse, mucronate, sagittate ; lobes near cach 
other, oblong, obliquely acuminate, strait : 
scape simple : bracts ovate acute. Dicecious. 
hastata (C. P. w. Ju. 2.) leaves lance-oblong, 
radually acute, sagittate ; lobes spreading, 
Tanceolate, Jong-acuminate: scape simple : 
bracts and calyx roundish, obtuse. Dioecious. 
gracilis (P. w. Ju. 2.) leaves linear, obtusish, 3- 
nerved, sagittate ; lobes spreading, linear, 
elongated, gradually becoming sienderly acu- 
minate : scape simple, few-flowered: bracts 
short, suborbiculate. Leaves very slender, 
about $ inches long, including the petiole. 
heterophylla (P. A. New-Jersey, Plainfield, Mass. 
w. Au. 2/.) leaves simple, linear and lanceo- 
late, acute at both ends ; or oval, acute, at the 
hase ob tuse, sagittate; lobes spreading, li- 
near: scape simple, few-flowered: pistillate 
flowers subsessile: bracts broad-ovate, acumi- 
nate. 
lancifolia (C. w. Ju. 24.) leaves broad-lanceolate, 
narrow below : scape sub-ramose: seeds flat, 
sabre-form, beaked. 
rigida (Oswego. w. Ju. 1.) leaves narrow-lance- 
olate, keeled below, rigid, very acute at both 
‘ends : scape ramose. Grows in deep water. 
simplex (New-Jersey. w. Ju. %.) leaves lance- 
linear, acute, narrow below : scape simple, ma- 
ny-flowered ; bracts and calyx round, obtuse. 
.  Dioecious. 
graminea (Y. Can. P. w. Ju. %.) leaves linear, 
~~ Jong, 3-nerved: scape simple, few-flowered ; 
‘bracts oblong, obtuse. 
acutifolia (P. w. Ju. %{.) leaves subulate, sheath- 
at the base, convex on the back: scape 
simple, few-flowered : bracts dilated, acumin- 


a . : . 
natans (P. w. Ju, 2.) leaves nodding, lance-oval, 
_ obtuse, 3-nerved, tapering to the base ; lower 
a 2 4 


414 SALICORNIA, SALIX. 


ones subcordate : scape react eee 
lower peduncles elongated, 


SALICORNIA, 25. 


herbacea (samphire, glasswort. Y. H. c. she &.) 
herbaceous, spreading : joints compressed at 
the apex, emarginate- bifid. Var. virginica, las 
the branches undivided: and the jointed spikes 
verylong. The fructification is very obscure ; 
but it may he known by its leafless nearly cy- 
indric jointed branches. It grows im salt 
marshes along the sea-board. Pursh says, he 
has seen it at the salt springs of Onondaga. It 
is used for pickles and for making soda. Bige- 
low says, the specimens about Boston have not 
the emarginate-compressed ape enempmencd 
above. 

a) mp eh (C. Ju. &. bh.) somewhat w woody, as- 
cending, very branching. 


SA Lix, | 97. 


1. Leaves entire, or obsoletely serrate. 


candida (white willow. P. Catskill Mt. Ap. hk.) 
_ leaves Jance-linear, very long, obscletely den- 
ticulate at the apex, pubescent above, white- 
_ downy beneath, margin revelute : stipules lan- 
ceolate about equalling the petioles : aments 
precede the leafing, cylindric ; 3 scales” ate . 
obovate, down very long.’ : 
muhlenbergiana (speckled willow. P. Reiss b.) 
leaves lanceolate, acutish, subentire, white-. 
hairy, rugose-veiny beneath, margin revolute ; 
stipules lanceolate, caducous : aments precede 
the leafing ; scales oblong with villose cert 
. gins: germs. lance-ovate, silk-villose, lous 
pedicelled : style short, stigma 2-cleft. . 
of the ament tipped with red. 3 to 5 feet high. 


SALIX. 4i5 


tristis (mourning willow. Y. W.P. A. C. Ap. b.) 
leaves lance-linear, acute at both ends, entire, 
margin revolute, smoothish above, rugose-vein- 
ed and downy beneath : stipules none : aments 
precede the leafing, eer 

- recurvata (shrub willow. P. New-Jersey. Ap. h .) 

. leaves lance-obovate, acute, entire, margin 
glandular, glabrous, glaucous beneath, in the 
young state silky : re none: aments 
precede leafing, recurved ; scales black at the 
apex, hairs of the length of the germs : germs 
ovate, short-pedicelled, silky: style short, 
stigma 2-cleft. Probably a variety of S. rosma- 
rinifolia. | 

. repens (creeping willow. Whitehills. J..h ) ereep- 

- ing: leaves ‘Tance-oval; entire, acute, glab- 

» rous, somewhat silky beneath: stipules none : 
aments precede the leafing, ovate ; scales ob- 
ovate, obtuse, hairy, sooty-yellow at the apex: 
germs ovate-oblong, pedicelled, pubescent : 
style short, stigma 2-lobed : capsules glabrous, 
Very small. found onthe Whitehills by Big- 
elow and Boot. We are indebted to these two 
gentlemen and Professor Peck, for most of the 
discoveries on this mountain, in every depart- 

~ ment of natural history. 

pedicellaris (stem-berried willow. Catskill Mt. 

Ap. kh.) branchlets smooth : leaves lance-obo- 
vate, acute, entire, both sides glabrous and 

_~ coloured alike : stipules none : aments flower 
at leafing time, peduncled, glabrous ; scales 
oblong, scarcely pilose, but half as long as the 
pedicels : germs ovate-cbiong, glabrous, with 

very long pedicels: stigma sessile, 2-cleft. 

- rosmarinifolia (rosemary willow. P. Ap. h.) 
leaves strait, lance-linear, acute at both ends, 
entire, subglandular at the margin, caducous- 

pubescent above, silky beneath : stipules nar- 

_ row-lanceolate, erect : aments precede the 

- leafing, ovate, recurved: scales oblong, ob- 


416. SALIX. i 


tuse, ciliate: germs pedicelled, lanceolate, 
villose : stigma subsessile, 2-cleft. About Se 
feet high. be: 1 ERE. f 
fuscata (sooty willow. P. *C. Ap.. kh.) leaves 
lance-obovate, acute, glabrous, subserrate, 
glaucous beneath, in the young state pubescent : _ 
stipules very narrow: aments precede the- 
leafing, nodding; scales obtuse, scarcely. hai- 

ry within: germs short-pedicelled, ovate, sil-_ 
ky : stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Ns : 


2. Leaves remotely and obtusely serrate. 


conifera (rose willow, cone-gall willow. 0. Ap. 
k.) leaves lance-cblong, remotely serrate, - 
acute, glabrous above, flat and downy beneath, _ 
the first year’s growth glabrous: stipules lun-— 
ulate, subdentate : aments precede the leafing : - 
scales lanceolate, obtuse, villose : germs pedi- - 
celled, lanceolate, silky : style 2-cleft : stigma 
2-lobed. ‘Che scaly cones are mere excres-~ 
ences or galis, caused by the stings of insects. 
myricoides (gale-leaf willow. P.A. New-England. _ 
Ap. kh.) leaves lance-oblong, acute, 2 glands — 
at. the base, glabrous, glaucous beneath :- 
stipules ovate, acute, glandular-serrate : 
aments flower at leafing time, villese, leafy at — 
the base ;. scales lanceolate, obtuse, villose, 
dark-coloured : germs. long-pedicelled, lance- - 
olate, glabrous: style 2-cleft ; stigma 2-cleft. 
prinoides (P. Ap. }.) leaves oval-oblong, acute, 
remotely wave-serrate, glabrous, glaucous be-_ 
neath : stipules half-cordate, gash-toothed :_ 
aments precede the leafing, villose; germs pe- 
dicelled, ovate, acuminate, silky : style long; 
stigma 2-cleft. shel 
discoior (red-root willow, basket willow. O. Ap. 
h .) leaves oblong, obtusish, glabrous, remote-_ 
ly serrate, entire at the apex,* glaucous be-— 
neath ; stipules caducous, lanceolate, serrate: 


SALIX. 417 


_..aments flower near leafing time, oblong, 


_ downy ; scales oblong, acute, dark-coloured, 


hairy : germs subsessile, lanceolate, downy : 
stigma 2-parted. 


, angustata (C. P. Ap. h .) leaves lanceolate, acute, 


»» very long, gradually tapering to the base, ser- 


rulate, glabrous, both sides coloured nearly 
alike : stipules half-cordate : aments precede 
the leafing, erect, smoothish: germs pedicel- 
ate arti, glabrous : style 2-cleft ; stigma 2- 
obed. 


longifolia (long-leaf willow. P. A. M. Ip.) leaves 


linear, acuminate at both ends, elongated, rc- 
motely denticulate, glabrous, both sides colour- 


aloes stipules narrow-lanceolate, denticu- 


late: aments flower after leafing, peduncled, 
downy : scales flat, retuse : filaments bearded 
at the base, twice as long as the scales, About 
2 feet high. 


3 


3. Leaves closely and acutely serraie. 


Remark. ‘The first six of the following spe- 


eles have about 3 stamens to each flower. 
babylonica (weeping-willow. E. M. ) .) branch- 


_ ferent c 


leis pendant : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 
serrate, Salvo, upper and lower sides of dif- 

ours : stipules roundish, contracted : 
aments flower at leafing time : germs sessile, 


_. ovate, glabrous. Supposed to be the willow on 


_ which the Israelites hung their harps, when 


captive in Babylon. See the 137th Psalm. 


_ falcata (P. h.) leaves long, lance-linear,. gradu- 
.. ally tapering above, subfalcate, acute at the 


_base, close-serrate, glabrous both sides, in the 
young state silky: stipules lunulate, toothed, 


.» deflected. Branches very slender and brown- 


<3 ‘ , - 
aigra (brittle-joint willow, black-willow. O. M. 


-h.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, ser- 
rulate, same colour both sides, glabrous, peti- 


2 4 é t F¥, 


EF ~ SALIX, 


oles and midribs downy above: stipules ‘cou- 
tracted, toothed: amenis flower at leafing © 
time, erect, cylindric, viljose : scales oblong, — 


lu 


‘ 2 PEs 


very villose: filaments 3-to 6, bearded at the 


F 


base : germs pedicelled, ovate, glabrous ; — 


style very short ; stigma 2-cleft. About 20 
feet high. rye 


cida (shining willow. P. A. C. M. '} 2) leaves | 


ovate-oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, rounded at 


the base, serrate, glandular, glabrous both © 


sides, shining : stipules oblong, glandelar-ser- 


' rate : aments flower in leafing time 3 scales — 


lanceolate, obtuse, hairy at the base, serrate at 


the apex, glabrous : germs lance-subulate, : 
glabrous ; style 2-cleft; stigma obtuse, Size~ 


between shrub and tree. 


rigida (stiff-leaf: willow. P. A. New-England. | 


cordata (heart-leaf willow. P. A. Ap. h.) leaves 
lance-oblong, acuminate, cordate at the base, . 
sharply serrate, glabrous, paler beneath; sti-. 
pules broad, round-ovate, cartilagineus-ser-. 
rate: amenis flower atieafing time ; scales lan-. 
ceolate, dark coloured, woolly : germs pedicel- . 


grisea (grey-willow. P. Ap. 2.) leaves lanceolate, ; 


Ap. kh.) leaves lance-oblong, acuminate, sub- 
cordate at the base, rigid, glabrous, sharply 

serrate ; lower scrratures clongatel: petioles — 
villose : stipules bread, cordate, obtuse, glan-_ 
dular-serrate : aments flower at leafing time : 
scales lanceolate, dark coloured, woolly: 
gerins long-pedicelled, lanceolate, glabrous :_ 


style very short ; stigma 2-parted. Branches 


red towards the end, in the young state pubes- 


cent. Used also in basket-making. 


led, lanceolate, glabrous ; style very short, 
stigma 2-cleft. 6 or 8 feet high. 


acuminate, serrulate, glabrous above, downy 
on the midrib, silky or naked beneath : stipules 
linear, deflected, caducous ; ament precedes the 
leafing ; scales oblong, hairy, dark coloured | 
atthe apex: germs oblong, pedicelled, silky 5 


SALIX, SALSOLA. 419 


stigma sessile, obtuse. About 8 feet high, 
_ joints brittle at the base. shay 
vilellina (yellow willow. 0. M. h.) leaves lan- 
ceolate, acuminate, thickly-serrate, glabrous 
above, whitish-silky beneath : stipules none : 
aments flower in leafing time, cylindric : scales 
lance-ovate, both sides coloured alike, outside 
pubescent: germs sessile, lance-oyate, glab- 
rous : stigma’ subsessile, 2-lobed. Middle 
size tree. Pursh is certainly incorrect in say- 
ing this very common willow is introduced.— 
Var. alba, has the leaves white-silky both 
sides, and very long aments. This variety is 
usually the tallest. 
ambigua (C. W ? Ap. hb.) leaves lanceolate. acu- 
minate, glabrous, both sides of the same colour, 
glandular-serrate : aments fiower in leafing 
time: the pair of nectaries large ; lobes lance- 
olate deformed, toothed at the apex. glabrous : 
the terminal florets have 5 stamens. Resem- 
bles the vitellina. 
russeliana (P. kh.) leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 
serrate, glabrous : aments flower in leafing 
time ; florets.generaliy with 3 stamens : germs 
pedicelled, subulate, smooth ; styles elongated. 
Tall tree. | . 


Satsonay 44. 


kali (saltwort. H. Y. ©. P. Ju. ©.) diffuse : 
-Jeaves 5S-sided-subulate, mucronate, linear : 
~ealyx margined, axillary. Flowers very 
~ small, seeds in a membranaccous calyx. 
caroliniana (H. Y. C. P. Ju. @.) decumbent, gla- 

~ brous : leaves spread-subulate, spinose : flow- 
_er-bearing buds very turgid: fruit-bearing 

~ calyx flat-winged. 

tragus (New-Jersey. Ju. ©.) erect : leaves subu- 
late, spinose, smooth : calyx ovate. 

oe ag @.) spreading ; leaves without pric- 

CS. sited 


420 SALSOLA, SAMOLUS. 


salsa (Can. &}.) erectish, very branching : leaves 
~mti without prickles, fleshy : i fohenils 
crowded, somewhat spiked ; fruit-bearing ca- 
lyx round-depressed- 5 © aie 
Sanvi, 27" ns 
officinalis (sage. E. b. J. Y. or &.) leaves lance- 
ovate, crenulate: whorls few-flowered : calyx 
mucronate. CO ipp i ts 8 
sclaca (clarry. E, %.) leaves rugose. cordate, 
oblong, villose, serrate: floral bracts longer 
than the calyx, concave, acuminate. 
lyrata (wild sage. P. Can. b. M. %.) radical 
leaves lyrate, toothed : upper lip of the corol 
very short: stem nearly leafless, reverse-hai- 
ry. " Var. obovata, has the leaves cbovate, re- 
and. ee 
nee (vervain sage. P. b-p. J. 2p.) leaves 
serrate, sinuate, smoothish : corol narrower 
than the calyx. mpi. ett 
urticifolia (nettle sage. New-Jersey. b. J. YH. 
villose-viscous : leaves ovate-cblong, toothed, 
decurrent along the petiole. Ph 


SamBucts, 47. 


canadensis (black-berried elder. O. w. J. hb.) 
branchlets and petioles glabrous: leafets about 


in 4 pairs, oblong-oval, giabrous shining, acu- — 


minate, midrib subpubescent, base sometimes — 


appendaged : cyme lax, divided into about 5 
parts. snd anes 


pubescens (red-berried elder. O. w. M. }.) bark 
‘warty : leafets in 2-pairs, Jance-oval, pubes- — 
cent beneath : flowers raceme-panicled or ina 
= cath wires wey 


crowded bunch. 


Sawotts,' 409i)! steiekinase 
> pee 


valerandi (brookweed. P. Y. N. w. Ju. Y.) leaves 


SANGUINARIA, SAPONARIA, 421 


obovate : racemes elongated : pedicels bracted 
_ near the middle. , ) 


SANGUINARIA, 64. 


canadensis (bloodroot. O. w. Ap. 1.) leaves sub- 
reniform, sinuate-lobed : scape 1-flowered. A 
yariety, stenopetala, has linear petals. Root 
highly efficacious in the influenza, hooping- 
cough, and the late epidemic. Ives. See Big- 
elow’s Med. Bot. ) 


SANGUISORBA, 34. 


canadensis (burnet saxifrage. N. C. P. w. Ju. 2/.) 
flowers in a long cylindric spike : stamens sev - 
eral times longer than the corols. ‘The leaves 
resemble the burnet. Grows plentifully in 

- Deerfield, Mass. 
media (Can? P. r-w. Ju. %.) spikes cylindric : 
stamens a little longer than the corel. 


SANICULA, 45. 


mariiandica (sanicle. O. w. J. 2.) leaves. digi 
tate ; leafets oblong, gashed.: part of the flow” 
ers are fertile, sessile and subternate ; the oth- 
ers are barren, pediceiled and the most numer- 
ous. The stem is upright and smooth, with 
retty upright branches. The seeds are farn- 
- ashed with hooked bristles. . After the unopened 
_ flowers appear, they are a long time in that state 
before they expand. About 2 or 3 feet high. 


SAPONARIA, 58. 


officinalis (soapwort. Y. W. P. w. J. %.) calyx 
cylindric : leaves lance-ovate. About 12 or 14 
inches high, It may have been introduced from 
Europe. “0 : 


_— 


422 SAPONARIA, SATUREJA. 


-y ¥ Vwavrs DD 
eaccaria (field soapwort. W. x. Au. @.) calyx 5- _ 
cornered, cone-ovate : leaves ovate, acuminate, 
sessile. Probably introduced ; but it now grows ~— 

wild along the Hoosack, near Williams College. 


SaroTuHRa, 47. 


gentianoides (nit-weed, false john’s wort. Y. C. 

: Pp: y. J- &.) small, erect, setaceous-ramose ; 
eaves minute, close-pressed : flowers on the 
branchlets, alternate, solitary : stamens 5 to 
10: capsule oblong, 1-celled. On the sandy ~ 
plain west of. Ball’s spring, New-Haven, it 
grows about 5 or 6 inches high, has a leafless 
appearance, and always 10 stamens. . 


SARRACENIA, 64. 


purpurea (side-saddle. A. H. ¥.P. N. C.p. 3. Y.) 
leaves (which are the lateral brims of large 
cups) short, erectish, spreading, having revers- 
ed prickles within ; petioles radical, inflated, 
forming large cups, a little contracted at the © 
top, with a vertical wing along the upper 
side ofeach. 'The scape grows 1 to 2 feet high, 
with a single, large, nodding flower. The 
whole plant has a very singular appearance for © 
this latitude, having the aspect of many tropi- 
cal plants. Grows plentifully in Botany ponds, 

2 miles east of Albany, and in Tracy’s swamp, 
$3 miles west. Also in the lakes on Cats. 


SATUREJA, 69. 


-hortensis (summer savory. E. b-w. Ju. @.) pedun 
cles axillary, somewhat in a cyme ; leaves 
lanceolate, entire : stem brachiate. Sort 

montana (winter savory. E. kh.) peduncles some- 
what 1-sided : segments of the calyx acumin- 
ate, mucronate ; leaves mucronate. 


SATYRIUM, SAXIFRAGA; 428 


of PAA oh ee 


war a  Savryriumy, 89. 


vw 


bracteatum (satyrion. P. W. A. g-w. M. %.) lip 
linear, emarginate at the apex, obsoletely S- 
toothed ; coloured calyx leaves somewhat con- 
_ verging, lateral ones ovate, broader : bracts 
twice as long as the flowers, leaf-like, spreading : 
» roots palmate. About 6 to 10 inches high. 
ebsoletum (New-England. P. Ju. %.) lip lance-ob- 
long, undivided : coloured calyx leaves erect : 
_ germs pedicelied ; scape nadied : bracts short: 
roots palmate. 
virescens (P. A? g. Ju. 2/.) lip lanceolate, crenate : 
_ coloured calyx leaves converging : bracts 
longer than the flowers : roots fascicled. 12 to 
18 inches high. Pursh places all these spe- 
cies under the genus Orchis, ' 


iver 9 _ Saururvs, 52. 


dernuus (lizard’s tail. P. ©, Can. Ju. 2.) stem 
leafy, many-spiked: leaves heart-sagitate. 
‘The stamens are so obscure, they can hardly 
be counted. r aad . aly } ee 
os coco >> Saxrpraea, 58, . 
eli toty sx ey ie wadatthi , sg 2 is 
eirginiensis (rock saxifrage. O. w. M. 1.) mi- 
_- mutely pubescent : Scolsnahiel. obtuse, adh 
_decurrent into the petiole : flowers subsessile 
onthe dichotomous branches of an almost leaf- 
less scape. Itmay be found in flower from 1 
to 15 inches high. S. nivalis. But Pursh 
. makes the nivalis a different species, growing 
-. in Labrador. | . 
pensylvanica (water saxifrage. O. g-w. J. %.) pu- 
_ bescent:: leaves lance-oblong, acute at both ends, 
. obsoletely denticulate : scape leafless ; pan- 
icle oblong, with fascicled branches at the top. 


A24 SUABIOSA, SCHIZAEA. 


iB 
Generally about a foot itire but I have ‘seen 
it three feet high along Whiteoak ch ah near 
Williams College. 


- SCABIOSA, 35. 


stellata (star scabious, cat’s eye. E. y-w, ©. oe “ 
rol 5-cleft, radiate: leaves cut andj 
outer crown of the seeds orbicular,’ wae. 
spreading, membranous, many-nerved. The 
heads of seeds are very ornamental for flower- 
pots in the winter, on petty 2 of their perma- 
nent shining crown. 


atropurpurea (sweet scabious. E. 2%.) corol 5- 
cleft, radiating : leaves pinnatifid and cut : 
receptacle cylindric : outer crown of the seed 
short, lobed and crenate. 


Scandix, see Chaerophyllum and Myrrhis. 
) SCHEUCHZERIA, 52. 
gists is (less flowering rush. A. gy. ae Y.) 


stem glabrous: leaves semi-cylindric, sheath- 
ing at the base; each having a lateral pore 


3 


on the inner side. immediately below the car- . 


tilaginous tip. Grows very abundantly in 


Botany ponds at Greenbush, 2 miles cast from — 


Albany. 
Seuizsn, 104; ath. 


| eit (one-sided fern. New-Jersey. J u. x f.) frond 
simple, linear-compressed : spikes conglome- 
rate, inflexed, one-way. A party of botanists, 
consisting of Le Conte, Eddy, Pursh and 
Whitlow, found 3 specimens only of this spe- 
cies, in 1805, all of which have been Jost.— 
This summer (1818) Dr. Torrey and Mr. 


SCHOENUS, SCIRPUS. 425 


* Cooper have found great numbers of them.— 
© Phe only known locality is near Quaker: 
bridge, New-Jersey, in aswamp, The speci- 
men, Which Dr. I’. sent to me consists of 20 
filamentous stems, proceeding from the same 
root. Some of them have heads not unrol- 
- led. The tallest is 4 inches high, terminated 
* by the one-sided fan-like aggregation of 
~ spikes, which is but one-eighth of an inch. 


of ScHOENUS, 28. 


setaceus (bog-rush. P, 2.) peduncles axillary, 
and terminal, about 3-flowered : culm 3-cor- 
nered ; culm and leaves setaceous. Most of 
- the species of this genus are now removed to 
~ the genus Rhynchospora. 


Schoenus, see Rhynchospora. 
ScHWALBEA, 71. 


americana (chaff-seed.. New-Jersey. p. J. UU.) 
simple, pubescent : leaves lanceolate : racemes 
- terminal ; flowers alternate. 


Scrrpus, 29. 
1. Culm with one terminal spike. 


fenuis (club-rush. O. M. 2.) spike oval, acutish 
at both ends ; the 2 ovate, obtuse bracts are 
dark-coloured with whitish margins: culm 4- 
sided, leafless, a span high: sheaths truncate, 
' submucronate : root creeping horizontally. 
In wet places, like most of the species of this 
~~ genus. S. quadrangulatus. | 
palustris (P. M. 24.) spike oblong, erect : bracts 
* obtuse : culm leatless, terete, purplish at the 
' base, not hollow, acucihes jointed, enclosed 
o 


ad 


426 SCIRPUS, 


at the base in a truncate sheath. About 2 feet 
. high. Willdenow says, the sheaths and scales 
are lanceolate, acute. The root creeps hori- 


zontally. Seed roundish, ragose, bristles 3 or 


4, hispid. 
slaucus (P. C.) spikes ovate, acute, sooty yellow ; 
scales ovate, obtuse, emarginate, membrana- 


ceous : culm glaucous, leafless, many-angled 5. 


the sheath striate, glabrous, acute : 4 hispid 
bristles longer than the orbicular seeds. This 
is one of Muhlenberg’s. anonymous species, 
Dr. Torrey found the same near New-York, 
and gave it this name. 

capitatus (P. C. Au.) spike globular-ovate, ob- 
tuse ; culm erect, leafless, compressed, cespi- 
tose, becoming slender under the spike ; the 
sheath at the base retusc-mucronate, becoming 
white: seed shining, oval, glabrous, with 6 
bristles, longer than the seed, placed under 
the style. Eleocharis of Brown. 

trichodes (P. C. J.) spike ovate, acute, 1, 4 or 6- 
flowered, with a single obtuse bract: culm 
acicular, about an ineli and an half high, cespi- 
tose, 4-sided, purplish at the base ; sheath 
truncate, obtuse: seed 3-sided, shorter than 
the bristles. 

intermedius (W. P.S.) spike ovate-oblong, acute, 
somewhat 2-cleft : culm greenish, 4-sided, ces- 
pitose, sulcate, a hand’s breath high; sheath 
at the base acuminate: seed pear-form ; bris- 
tles 6, longer than the seeds. 


planifolius (P. M.) spike ovate, acute, 6-flowered : 


bract yellowish, ovate, cuspidate, longer than 
the spike: culm 3$-sided, a span high, nearly 
leafiess, cespitose : leaves subradical, alternate, 
linear, flat, keeled, scabrous ; lewest ones 
broad, abbreviated, nerves mucronate ;. the 
rest 3-nerved, equalling the culm : seed 3-sid- 
ed, with 3 bristles equalling the seeds. x 
obtusus (Whitehills. Ju.) culm’ terete, naked 


SCIRPUS. 47 


&pike Janceolate, scales fleshy at the a ob- 
tase. A new species discovered by Bigelow 
and Boot. | 

bracteatus (Whitehills. Au.) culm terete: spike 
ovate, acute : involucre-like bracts: florets 
monandrous. A new species by Bigelow and 
Boot. 

depilatus (C.) culm leafless, 4-sided, acicular: 
yr ovate; obtusish, 1-bracted : glumes ovate, 
obtuse, convex : pistil 3-cleft, flat : seed round- 
ish, mucronate. Borders of salt marshes.— 
A new species discovered by J. Le Conte, Esq. 


2. Culm with several spikes. 


Jacustris (great bull-rush. P. C. J. 22.) spikes sub- 
terminal, many, oblong-ovate, peduncled and 
sessile, with sooty-yellow bracts ; peduncles 
flat, 2-edged and terete: scales glabrous mu- 
cronate: glumes ovate, obtuse, mucronate : 

istil -clelt : culm 4 or 5 feet high, terete, 
afless, becoming slender at the top : seeds ob- 
ovate ; bristles 4, hispid, rather Foner than 
the seed. , 
ecitus (common bull-rush. OG. Ju. 2 -) spikes with 
unequal compressed peduncles, oblong, subum- 
belled, lateral, near the top: culm about 4-feet 
highs leafless, terete, having oblong sooty yel- 
low spots : glumes yellowish, keeled, mucro- 
nate, pubescent. 

triqueter (O. Ju. U.) spikes lateral, 1 to 5. ovate, 

- conglomerate, sessile, sooty-yellow : culm per- 
haps somewhat leafless, sharply 3-corned, 3 to 
5 feet high, with an erect mucronate point, hol- 
Jowed out on the sides: uae ovate, mucro- 
nate. keeled : pistil 2-cleft: seed somewhat 3- 
sided, acuminate-crowned, flat and convex, be- 
coming black, setose at the base. Var. ? mono- 
tachius, is about half a foot high, with a very 
short subradical leaf, sheath obtuse, bearing the 


428 SCIRPUS. 


leaf ; spike simple ovate, sessile; seed oval. 
debilis (P. C. Au.) spikes lateral, sessile, ovate, 1, 
5, or 9, bractless, many -fiowered, short: glumes 
ovate, obtuse and acuminate, margin white, 
keel green: culm leafless, erect, channelled, 
about one foot high, cespitose, sheathed at the 
base, apex strait: seed somewhat 3-sided or 
obovate, shining, dark-coloured, rugose or 
punctate, bristles 3 to 5, hispid, a little longer 
than the seed. . Tage 
ferrugineus (P. C.) spikes subterminal, one in the 
middle sessile, the rest (3 or 4) peduncled, 
ovate acuminate ; the terminal involucre 3- 


leaved, unequal, pubescent, one leafet strait :_ 


glumes ovate, acute, keeled, redish-brown, 2 
little hairy : pistils fringed : culms cespitose, 
compressed, striate, glabrous : leaves radical 
and alternate, flat, striate, a little punctate, 
equalling the culm, at the base a bread sheath 
with a pubescent margin: seed obovate, stri- 
ate, beardiess. On dry land an inch or two in 
height, on wet land 1 or 2 feet. 

spadiceus (P. ©.) spikelets ovate-oblong ; scales 
roundish, glabrous, chesnut-brown : spikelets 

- in a terminal umbel ; peduncles compressed, 1- 
spiked and divided into 3 or 4 spikes ; involu- 
cres S-‘eaved, unequal : style compressed, pu- 
bescent : culm compressed, about 3 feet high : 
radical leaves filiform, glabrous ;: seed com- 
pressed, striate, beardiess. . whe 

capillaris (C. P, New England. Ju.) spikes 1 to 4, 
ateral, under the apex of the culm, one sessile, 
the rest peduncled ; involucre 1 or 2-leaved : 
lower vaive subulate, the rest obtuse, the keel 
green or white: culm setiform, an inch or two 
high, 3-sided, cespitese, nearly leafiess : the 
leaves are subradical and alternate, setaceous. 
sheathing at the base with hairs at the top of 
the sheath: seed somewhat 3-sided, beardless. 
subrugose, nerves. transverse. Isolepis of 
Brown. 


? 


SCIRPUS. 429 


aifumnalis (P. New England. Ju.) spikes termi- 
nal, panicled, subumbelled, peduncled, prolife- 
- rous with a 2 or 3-leaved involucre, oblong, 
'- acute, sooty-yellow, alternately sessile : glumes 
ovate, mucronate, keeled: culms a span high, 
' 2-edged, cespitose, with linear, flat, nerved 
leaves at the base : seed 3-sided, nerveless, 
- beardless. 
subsquarrosus (P. Ju.) spikes 1 to 5, terminal, 
lomerate, ovate, sooty-yellow, sessile, many- 
flowered ; involucre 3-leaved, leafets unequal, 
linear, broader at the base, striate: glumes 
ovate, acute, purplish under the apex, at the 
apex mucronate and subsquarrose, keel green : 
’ culm from 2 to 5 inches high, 3-sided, almost 
- leafless, purplish at the base, with 2 alternate, 
- short dattradienl leaves ; sheaths of the leaves 
nerved, glabrous : seed 3-sided, beardless. 
retrofractus (P. H. Ju. U4.) spikes 6 to 8, erect, 
ovate, peduncled, on a many-angled receptacle ; 
involucre 3-leaved, outer one very long, sca- 
_ brous ; peduncles 6 to 8, unequal, compressed, 
- glabrous, sheathed at the base ; the spikelets 
linear, acute, terete, imbricate, sub-pedicelled ; 
bracts 3-flowered, upper ones erect, the rest at 
length refiexed : lower valve ovate, middle one 
‘lanceolate, terminal one subulate : culm $-si- 
ded, 1 or 2 feet high, striate, nearly leafless : 
the subradical leaves lanceolate, striate, keeled, 
glaucous beneath ; sheath striate : seed 5- 
_. sided, peduncled, beardless. 
‘cyperifor mis (New-England. Ju. %.) spikes round- 
ish, terminal, 3 peduncled and one sessile 
~ (sometimes but the one sessile) ; involucre lon- 
ger than the spike, 3 or 4-leaved, channelled, 
margin scabrous: spikelets 7-flowered, linear, 
alternate, terete : glumes alternate, remote, 
ovate, obtuse, upper ones acute : culm 3-sided, 
- almost leafless, a span high: subradical leaves 
~ Jinear, glabrous; seed 3-sided, beardless.. 


430 ; $e IR P US. toi Ie 


ich terme 
brunneus (P, C, 8.) spikes panicled, terminal ; 
peduncles 5, unequal, alternately terete and 
flat, furnished at the base witha truncate 
sheath and a lanceolate I¢af or involucre ; 
spikelets 3, 5 or 16, ovate. glomerate : glumes 
imbricate, ovate, keeled, submucronate, brown : 
anthers red: culm 38-sided, striate, glabrous, 
leafy, about 2 feet high : leaves alternate, lance- 
linear, nerved, margin scabrous.; with a gla- 
brous striate. sheath : seed 3-sided, with, bris- 
tles longer than the seed, The general inyo- 
lucre is 4-leaved, erect, longer than the panicle. 
atrovirens (C, A. P. New-England. J. 2%.) spikes 
in aterminal panicle, proliferous ; inyelucre 
$-leaved, with the margin and keel scabrous : 
branches of the panicle or peduncles. unequal, 
3 to 6, pedicels about 12; spikelets glomerate, 
about 12, ovate, acute : glumes. umbricate, 
ovate, acute, keelhairy : stem 3-sided, striate; 
glabrous, leafy, about 3 feet highs, radical 
leaves lanceolate, keeled, Jong, those of the 
culm alternate, scabrous: sheaths striate, gla- 
brous, pellucid ; seed S-sided, small, with 4 
short bristles. pot g <4 
pendulus (P. J. 21.) spikes in terminal and lateral 
panicles, nodding, all oblong-cylindric, pedi- 
celled ; involucre 1-leaved ; glumes imbricate, 
ovate, acuminate, white, with green keels 3 
culm 3-sided, glabrous, leafy, about S feet high : 
leaves of the culm alternate, flat, striate, mar- 
gin scabrous, sheaths striate: seed 3-sided, 
with may interwoven bristles longer than the 
seeds. 
lineatus (New-Jersey.) spikes in a spreading ter- 
minal panicle ; peduncles 10,.sheathed at the 
base, retuse ; spikelets terminal, lanceolate, 
10-flowered, pedicels pubescent : glumes ovate, 
acute : involucre 1 or 2-leayed, much shorter 
than the panicle : culm 3-sided, glabrous, le 
fy, striate ; leayes of the culm lanceolate, al- 


: . 


SCIRPUS, SCLERIA: 434 


ternate, flat, striate, margin glabrous, with 
_ glabrous striate sheaths : seed 3-sided, bristly 

at the base. 
macrostachyos (HI. W. C.) spikes sessile, pedun- 

cled, 6 or 12, ovate ; involucre 3-leaved, une- 

tne elongated : scales of the spikes ovate, a 

ttle hairy, 3-cleft, the middle division awn- 
form: culm exactly 3-sided, glabrous, leafy at 
the base, more than a foot high: leaves lance- 
linear, nerved, keeled, glabrous, longer than 
the culm, sheathing at the base: seed with 
bristles, hispid backwards. 
gracilis (C.) spikelets oblong, 2-bracted : glumes 
oblong, obtuse, keeled : pistils 3-cleft, plumose : 
culm leafless, 4-sided, with a purplish sheath 
at the base. On the borders o's t marshes. 

Torrey. A new species discovered by J. Le 

Conte, Esq. 

Remark. ‘The species of Scirpus are very nu- 
merous in every part of our district ; and it is ve- 
| difficult to distinguish them by their essential 
characters alone. ‘Therefore to aid students in 
determining the species of this genus, I have 
here given a translation of most of Muhlenberg’s 
enlarged descriptions, 


ScLeRANTHUS, 58. 


annuus (knawel, gravel chickweed. H. Y. N. C. 
A. P. w-g. J @.) calyx of the fruit spreading, 
acute : stem spreading, subprostrate. In bun- 
ches 3 or 4 inches in extent, or more. 


ScLERIA, 91. 


triglomerata (whip-grass. P. J. %.) culm erect, 
simple, 3-sided, scabrous: leaves scabrous at 
the margin ; fascicles few-flowered, terminal : 
umes ovate, mucronate, scabrous : nuts glo- 
ose, acute, rugose, wid 


432  SCLERIA, SCORZONERA. _ 


paucifiora (P. Au. 2.) leaves narrow-linear, chan- 
nelled, margin scabrous : fascicles very few- 
flowered, in pairs, terminal : nut small, white, 
transyersely rugose. Stem, erect, hardly a 
span high. Cw ke eee 
reticularis (New-Jersey Ju. 24.) culm and leaves 
glabrous : panicles terminal and lateral, few- 
flowered : nut net-veined. estate 
verticillaia (P. Au. 4.) culm simple, 3-sided : 
culm and leaves glabrous: spike naked, with 
alternate distant glomerules : nut globose, mu- 
cronate, transversely rugose-warty. bi 


ScLEROTIUM, 118. 


semen (barked puff-ball. P.) globular aid ode 
blackish, scattered, becoming rugged. 


ScoLOPENDRIUM, 103. 
officinarum (caterpillar fern. Onondaga. Ju. 2.) 
frond broad-lanceolate, cordate at the base < 
stipe chaffy. ‘ 
ScoLymMws, 85. 
hispanicus (golden thistle. E. 2.) flowers aggre- 
gated : leaves scabrous, rough-haired on the 
mid-rid beneath ; interruptedly decurrent. _ 
ScoRPIuRUsS, 79s 6g 


vermiculata (caterpillars. E. J. €&.) pedancles 1- 
flowered : legumes covered with obtuse scales. 


'’ ScorzoNERA, 82. - 
hispanica (viper’s grass. E. 2.) stem branching, 


leaves .clasping, lanceolate, entire, subserru- 
late at the base. ‘eg ees 


¥ - ¢ 
SCROPHULARIA, SCUTELLARIA. 439 
mt avy ; 


—-- Scrorpavrnarr, 71. 


marilandica (figwort. O. ¢-p. Ju. 24.) leaves cor- 

- date, serrate, acute, roundish at the base ; pe- 

_ tioles ciliate below: fascicles of the panicle lax, 
ew-flowered. 3 to 7 feet high. 

lanceolata (P. g-y. Au. 7.) leaves lanceolate, un- 


equally serrate, acuminate, acute at the base ; — 


| Fr ey : fascicles of the panicle corymb- 
- ed. 


ScCUTELLAMTA, 70. 


galericulaia fseuli-cap..O. b. J. UL.) somewhat 
simple, glabrous : leaves subsessile, lance- 
ovate, subcerdate at the base, crenate : flow- 
-- ers axillary, solitary. ‘iowers large. From 
10 to 18 inches high. — 
laterifiora (mad-dog scull-cap, hoodwort. 0. b. du. 
UW.) very branehmeg. glabrous : leaves long-pe- 
tioled, ovate, toothed :; cauline ones subcord- 
-ate : racemes lateral, leafy. Before the fame 
of the Alisma plantago had reached this coun- 
‘try. this plant was honored with the high pre- 
rogitive of controling the monster, -Hydro- 
_ phobia. | 
scalifolia (©. P.b. J. Y.)-leaves sessile, ovaie 
or suboval, serrate ; upper ones lanceolate, sub_ 
- | entire. <A ; 
parewa (P. w-b. J. Uf.) small. simple. densely 
'. pubescent: leaves sessile: ovate, entire: flow- 
«ers axillary, solitary. About 2 inches high. - 
‘wegrifolia (C. P. b. Su. 1.) somewhat simple, 
densely pubeseent : Leaves subsessile, oblong or 
linear, obtuse, entire, tapering to the base : ra- 
cemes laxish, leafy. Var. /Ayssopifolia, has the 
_ Jeayes all linear. ati bs 
@riiflia(P. b. Av, u.) leaves heart-form. 


Mim 


way 


* 
454 SECALE, SENECIO, 
rs! se ian? D2 
Broan, Gh ioc: huoeld ai any 


cereale (rye. E. J. &.) ‘glume scabrous-ciliate : 
scales of the calyx narrow: awns long and re- 
verse-prickly : leaves rough near the point. - 


SEDuM, 59. - 


telephium (orpine, live-forever. E. r. w. Ju. 2%.) 
leaves flattish, tooth-serrate, thickly scattered : 
corymb leafy : stem erect. 

ternatum (falseice-plant. P. w. J. 2.) small, 
creeping : leaves flat, round-spatulate, ternate : 
flowers somewhat 3-spiked. Varies ‘into the 
eighth class. 

anacampseros (stone crop. E. 4.) leaves wedge- 
form, entire, subsessile : stem decumbent : 
flowers corymbed. ign 


SELINUM, 46. 


canadense (milk-parsley. P. Can. w. Ju. 2.) ver 
glabrous, shining : leaves doubly pinnate ; leal- 
ets many-parted, divisions lanceolate : fruit 
ovate. 


SEMPERVIYUM, 61. 
tectorum (house-leck. E. Au. 4.) leaves ciliate t 
bevel spreading: nectaries wedge-form, cren- 
ulate. 7. TE 25S HS 
arboreum (tree houseleek. E.) stem woody, 
smooth, branching : leaves wedge-form, glab- 
rous, With soft spreadiug hairs. ae 
SENECIO, 86. Lae 
1. Florets tubular 3 rays none, 
Remark. The three first species vary from 


) SENECIO. |. 435 


the character of the section, under which the ge- 
nus is placed ; being destitute of rays. 
vulgaris (groundsel. A. P. y. J. 2.) leaves most- 
ly clasping, sinuate-pinnatifid, toothed : flow- 
ers panicled : stem erect, branched, angular, 
About Albany it grows 18 to 20 inches high, 
and. the leaves a very little clasping. 
hieractfolius (fire-weed. O. w. J. ©.) stem wand- 
anicled : leaves clasping, oblong, acute ; deep- 
ae vse and unequally toothed : calyx 
_ smooth, From 4 to 8 feet high. This plant 
_ Springs up wherever land has been recently 
' cleared of timber ; and more eee anly if the 
pagehten aren ores ‘ * Hg ha 
apron -is said to be useful in stopping — 
oe lon dsel. P. J om 
é ws (long-stem groun . Jue Y%.) gla- 
 brous : oy ea eee spatulate, serrate, taper- 
ing into the petiole ; cauline leaves piunatifid, 
toothed very remote : peduncles clongated, 
corymb-umbelled. ct, 3 


2. Flowers with ray fiorets. 

aureus Gragworts Onyod - 1.) radical leaves ovate, 
cordate, serrate, petioled ; cauline ones pinna- 
tifid, toothed, terminal division lanceolate : 
peduncles subumbelled, incrassate- 18 to 24 
inches high. , 

_balsamitae (balsam groundsel. C. P. y. J. %.) 
radical leaves oblong, serrate, petioled ; lower 
cauline ones lyrate-pinnatifid, serrate ; upper 

ones pinnatifid, toothed : flowers subumbelled ; 

_. stem and peduncles villose at the base. 

abovatus (C. P. y. M. %.) radical leaves obovate, 
crenate-serrate, petioled ; cauline ones pinnati- 
fid, toothed : flowers subumbelled, long pedun- 
cled : stem somewhat glabrous. 

gracilis (P. M, 2.) radical leaves very long-peti- 

- oled, orbicular, subcerdate, crenate ; cauline 

7 : : Ath 


436 SENECIO, SIDA. 


ones few, very remote, linear-obleng, dilated 
at the base, gash-toothed : peduncles. very 
short, hirsute, subumbelled : calyx hairless : 
_» ways fews, very, shorts «5.1» gp io ieouets Lea 24 4 
canadensis (Can.) leaves doubly pinnate, linear, 
_ glabrous ; uppermost ones. simply pinnate < 
flowers ia .compound, fastigiate corymbs. . 
r ; 8) Sone ae 
} SERPICULA, 95. «deeb onan ont 
oceidentalis (little snakeweed. C. P.w. Jus Y.) 
flowers triandrous and perfect : stigmas strap- 
like, reflexed, 2-cleft : leaves ternate, linear, 
acute. Elodea canadensis, Mx. brat 
verticillata (P. w. J.) leaves wherled, lance-fin- 
ear, glabrous, denticulate : dioecious; stamens 
5: calyx S-cleft. The pistillate corols are tu- 
bular. Pursh has removed this genus to the 3d 
class. Though most of his changes of this kind 
are rejected by all our practical botanists’; in 
this instance perhaps-we ought to haye followed 
him. i. POs ee 
-S1orxos, 97.2. 


angulata (singie-seed cucumber. P. C. w. Ju. ©. 
leaves cordate with obtuse hind lobes, 5-angled, 
scabrous, denticulate : fruit capitate, hispid. 
Cultivated every where ; but I never saw it in 
a situation which evinced its being indigenuus. 


SIDA, 77. iF 4 


abutiion (indian. mallews. O. y. Ja-@.) leaves 
round-cordate, acuminate, tocthed, tomentose : 
peduncles. solitary, shorter than the peticles : 
capsules 2-awned, truncate. 4 to 6 feet highs 
about gardens, reads, &c. , 

spinosa (P. y. du. ©.) stem spreading ; axils sub- 
spinose : leaves long-petioled, lance-oveat, ob- 
soletely cordate, toothed : peduncles solitary, 
axillary ; stipules setaceous, longer than'-the 
peduncle : capsules 2-beaked. nin 


SIDA, SILPHIUM. | 437. 


Grispa (P) w. Ju. @.) leaves oblong-cordate, acu- 
- ‘minate,'crenate, top ones sessile: peduncles so- 
- Titary, longer than the petioles, when thre 
. bear fruit they are deflected : capsules inflated, 
. ‘awnless, crisp-undulate. On the sea coast. © 
ens w. Ju. Wf.) leaves cordate, 5-lobed, ela- 
3 lobes oblong, acuminate, toothed : pe- 
duncles many-flowered : capsules awnless, 
acuminate. 2 to 4 feet high. ’ 


ngwd Asim SULENE; 59. | | , 


antirrhina (sleepy catchfly. O. w-p. J. 6.) Jeaves 
lanceolate, subulate : peduncles S-parted : pe- 
tals emarginate : calyx ovate. Flowers small. 
pensylvanica (pink catchy. Y.H.N. C. P. A,r. 
_ J. U.) viscid-pubescent : leaves wedg<-form ; 
stem leaves laucecolate : the small stems are few- 
flowered at the summit: petals obtuse, slightly 
~ emarginafe, subcrenate. _ 
virginicu(V. v. J. 2.) decumbent: wholly viscid- 
pubescent : Ieaves oblong, a little rough at the 
margin > panicle dichotomous : petais 2-cleft : 
stamens and pistils exsert. Very handsome. 
socturna (RP. w. J. ©.) flowers alternate, sessile, 
on a one-sided spike : petals 2-cleft. 
eatesbaci: (P. x-p. J. 2.) flowers large ; petals 
- torn, furnished with a tooth each side: calyx 
~ eylindric: =. panicle sub-trichotomous : leaves 
. smeoth, broad-lanceolate. . 
quinguevulnera (Southern states. mJ. ©.) hir- 
-. Sute: leaves wedge-oblong, topsones linear : 
_ petals roundish, entive : calyx bearing. the 
ipuit erect, alternate ina kindiofspike, ., 
arineria garden catchily. IX. w-r. Au. .@.) flow- 
crs fascicled, fastigiate-supper leaves cordate, 
_ glabrous: petals entire. | 


ae tee . Sinpnium, e8.- Li 
perfoliatum Co P. y. Au. 2.) stem, 4: 
aim 2 


438 SILPHIUM, SISYMBRIUM. 


sided, smooth : leaves opposite, st 3 
connate, ovate, serrate. 5 or 6 feet high ; 
Very strong. 7) ee visi ay Neri emeeye lane 

ternatum (P. y. Ju. 2%.) stem terete, smooth : 
leaves whorled in threes, petioled, lanceolate, 
subdenticulate, a little scabrous, ciliate at the 
base ; the upper ones scattered, sessile : pani- 
cle dichotomous : calyx ciliate. Uushe 

integrifolium (P. y. Au. 1.) stem 4-sided, rough : 
leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, entire, scab- 

rous : fiowers few, short-peduncled. About 4 
feet high. MTS. BGS 


SINAPIs, 75. 


nigra (common mustard. E. y. J. €) silique 

- ‘glabrous, 3-sided, somewhat smooth, close- 
pressed to the stem: leaves at the top lance- 
linear, entire, smooth. ne 

alba (yellow-seed inustard. E. y. @.) silique bris- 
tly, rugged, shorter than the 2-edged beak : 
leaves pinnatifid ; upper ones sublyrate, all ir- 
regularly toothed. Seeds large, pale-yellow 
and sometimes become blackish. 


S1son, 35. 


canadense (honewort, mock-sanicle. 0. w. J. %.) 
_ leaves ternate : general involucre wanting 
[therefore it ought to have stood in the section 
next to Chaerophylium] seeds oval-oblong.— 
Stem 1 to 2 feet high, branched, terete, smooth : 
leafets: smooth, doubly and sharply serrate ; 
_ and the lower lateral ones sometimes divided, 
with the middle one 2-lobed : umbels slender. 


S; SY MBRIUM, 75. | 
amphibium (water radish. W. N. A.y. J. 2.)Sil- 
ique (or rather silicle) oblong-ovate, declined : 


leaves lance-oblong, pinnatifid or serrate : pe- 
tals Jonger than the calyx. 1 to 2 feet high 


SISYMBRIUM, SIUM. 439 


» Astadent would be induced, from the shortness 

_ of the pod, to look for it in the first order. 

nasturtium (english watercress. H. P. w. J. ¥.) 

- silique short, declined : leaves pinnate ; leafets 

_ roundish, somewhat repand-toothed. | 

palustre (Can. P. y. Ju. @.) silique declined, ob- 
long-ovate : leaves pinnatifid, serrate : petals 
shorter than the calyx. 


SISYRINCHIUM, 75. 


anceps (blue-eyed grass. O. b. J. 1.) scape for 
culm] simple, 2-edged or 2-winged : glume- 
like spathe of 2 unequal valves extending above 

_ the flower. Students generally puzzle them- 
selves in examining this plant, by considering 
the 5 united filaments enclosing the style, as a 
single filament. 10 or 12 inches high. 

anucronatum (P. b. J. ¥.) leaves and scape sim- 
ple, subsetaceous : spathe coloured, with one 
valve terminating in a long mucronate point. 


Srum, 46. 


latifolium (water-parsnep. O. w. Ju. 2.) leaves 
pinnate : leafets oblong-lanceolate, equally 

- serrate: stem erect, angular, hollow, smooth. 

- "Phe leaves are alternate, and generally consist 

- of about 3 pair of leafets, besides the terminal 
one. Whenever any of the leaves grow under 
water, they are subdivided. 

~ Bineare (W. P. C. Y. w. Ju. &.) leaves pinnate ; 
Jeafets elongated, linear, or sublanceolate : ser- 
atures ‘remotish: general involucre few- 
Jeaved ; partial ones numerous, linear: umbels 
with short peduncles. 

sigidius (P. w. Ju. Y%.) leaves pinnate ; leafets 
lanceolate, subentire, or toothed above. The 

.. flowers are small; leaves taper at both ends ; 
the involucres small. BAG al 


448 SIUM, SMILANS> = 


longifoliizm (New-Jersey..w. Au. 2.) leaves fins 
nee ; lower leafets very long, linear-falcate,. 
a few scattering teeth : stem few-leaved, and 

_ no. leaves above. : umbels mypedinbss wemneey hae: 
in pairs. if 


fy “abint aa 
> 


Sinilacina; see Canvalfaria, iy : 
Remark. Smith says. he cannot admit this: 
name, notwithstanding all his respect for its ex-- 
cellent author, Desfontaines. But le thinks the 
line of distiaction should be mube accuratel ¥ 
drawn between the Convallaria and some of ifs 
neighbors ; theugh he seems not inclined to adopt 
the modern divisions of this yery natural genus. . 
See = ees” "Cy clopocdia. 


Sa LAX, 100. 


5 Si oni avoody 3 branches pes 


guadrangularis (bind-bramble. Pe (Guide ‘ei): 
wickly : stem 4-cornered, unarmed above : - 
sa unarmed, ovate, subcordate, acute, 3%. 
nerved.. Berries blacks 

sarsaparilia (Ce P. J.) .) prickly-: leaves unarm- 
ed, .. lance- ovate, cuspidate, sub-5-nerved, be-. 
coming -glaucous beneath + the’ general: pedun : 
cles longer than the petioles... sary 


% Stem woody ; branches terete. ae 

*, CEES BE 
rotiiindéfebinisees green brier. O. w-g. J. hb.) tiettes 
scattered*: eas (when in maturity) round- 

ovate, acuminate, slightly cordate, 5-nerved : 
berry spherical; /P his singular bramble some- 
times climbs to the dreight of an hundred feet, 
while the largest part of its stem does not ex-- 

ceed the fourth of an inch in diameter. © °9% 


_ SMILAX, SMYRNIDM, 44h 


caduca (P. @. Can. J. bh.) prickly + leaves ovate, 
_ Maucronate, 5-nerved ; general peduncles 
_ scarcely longer than the petioles. 
pseudo-china (New-Jersey. M. bh.) unarmed in 
all parts : cauline leaves cordate, ramose ones 
oblong-ovate, 5-nerved : peduncles very. long, 
laurifolia (New Jersey. Ju. hb.) priakly ; branch. 
. es unarmed: leaves oval or lance-oval, leath- 
ery,.obtuse, recurve-prickly, 3-nerved: um- 
be ecoie pounced, ; 
pandurata (New Jersey. Ju. kh.) prickly : leaves 
_ ovate-guitarform, acuminate, $-nerved : gen-. 
eral peduncles twice-as long as the petioles, 


‘a «8. Stem herbaceous:. 
peduncularis (jacob’s ladder. O; w-g. M. 2.) 
stem terete, climbing-or arching over : leaves 
round-ovate, cordate, acuminate, about 9-nery- 
, ed (sometimes but 7) umbels long-peduncled. 
“erbacea (O. g. J. Y.) stem angied,.erect, simple = 
leaves jong-petioled, oval, about 7-nerved : um- 
-bels with long compressed peduncles: berries 
depressed-globose. 


SMYRNIUM, 46, 
7 sry - er 
aureum (alexanders. O. y.J. 2/.) leaves biternate ; 
- ‘Jeafets lance-oval, serrulate: uimbeis with short 
peduncles. Some of the leaves are often qui- 
nate. At a little distance this plant appears 
~ like a wild parsnip ; though much smaller. — 
cordatum (A. C. P. y. J. |.) radical leaves round- 
cordate, crenate ; cauline ones petioled, ter- 
nate ; uppermost ones 3-parted ; umbels with 
short petioles, 
integerrimum (A.C. P. y. 4.) very glabrous : 
' Jeaves subglaucous ; lower ones. thrice ternate, 
_ upper ones doubly ternate ; leafets oval, entire: 
ci aenee With. a few setaceous, elongated pedun+ 
cies. 


442  SMYRNIUM, SOLIDAGO. 


harbinode (P. p. y, Ju. Uf.) leaves. all ternate ; 
leafets ovate, acute, cele B atuopbergincel. 
Sonanum, 49, — a i kat 
dulcamara (bittersweet; O. b-p. Tu. b.) stem un-. 
armed, woody, climbing « lewer leaves mostly 
cordate, glabrous ; upper ones mostly guitar- 
hastate : few-fiowered corymbs opposite to 
leaves. This is the true bittersweet ; but the 
Celastres scandens is wrongly called so-by 
-some. Useful in asthma and rheumatism. 
Cartleriinj ual o's Bt 
nigrum (deadly nightshade. GC. w. p. b. J. ©.) 
stem unarmed, erectish or erect; branches 
angled, dentate: leaves ovate. repand, gla-. 
brous, racemes two-ranked, nodding, 
caralinense (P. b, J. 2.) stem prickly : leaves an- 
gular-hastate, covered with prickles both sides : 
racemes lax. EY | . 
tuberosum (potatoe. South America, b. w. Ju. %.). 
stem wing-angied, unarmed: leaves Wong ae 
edly pinnate ; leafets entire : flowers sub- 
corymbed ; roots knobbed-tuberous. 
_ fycopersicum (love apple, tomatoes. E. y. 8. @.) 
stem unarmed : leaves pinnatifid, gashed : ra- 


cemes 2-parted, leafless, fruit glabrous, toru-. 


lose. . inv 
melongena (egg-plant. E. J. @.) stem unarmed : 
leaves ovaie, tomentose : peduncles pendant, 
se a : calyx unarmed. | he) 2 
pseudo-capsicum (jerusalem cherry. E. 2 eeelte 
we 3: leayes lanceolate, repand: umbels SeS- 
sile. pe 


SoLIpAGo, 86. — 


Remark. During the last summer month a 


autumn, the species of this extensive genus Wi 
occupy much of the time ef the student in 


>| 


4 


SOLIDAGO. 445 


botany. Perhaps there is more difficulty in dis. 
tinguishing the species of this genus than of any 
other ; not excepting the Aster, Carex and Salix. 
I shall therefore give most of the extensive and 
accurate descriptions of President J. E. Smith 
iit ‘Rees’ Cyclopoedia.] He took a review of 
ursh and ofall preceding writers, and then wrote 
with simens ef almost every species before 
him. shall vary the expressions no more than 
is necessary to make our language uniform. 
To the essential generic characters add : calyx 
oblong ; with oblong, narrow, pointed, strait 
scales : ray florets always fewer than 10, lance- 
olate, 2-toothed : filaments capillary, very short: 
style thread-form, of the length of the stamens ; 
stigma cloven, spreading : seed oblong-obovate. 


1. Flowers one-sided. Leaves with three combin- 
| ed nerves. 


canadensis (canadian golden-rod. Can. P. y. Ju. 
%.) stem downy : leaves lanceolate, serrate, 
rough ; racemes copious, panicled, recurved : 
rays hardly longer than the disk. 18 inches 
to 5 feet high. Stem angular; leaves sessile, 

_ $ inches long, sometimes nearly entire. 

procera (great golden-rod. P. Can. y. Ju. %.) 
stem villose, erect : leaves lanceolate, serrate, 
rough, villose beneath : racemes spike-form, 
-erect, droo ing before flowering ; rays short. 
4 to7 feet high. . | 

serotina (smooth golden-rod. P. New-England. y. 

. ¥.) stem erect, terete, smooth : leaves lance- 

Mains GobroUss serrate, rough-edged : racemes 
panicled : peduncles downy. | ‘The young leaves 
are edged with many little white stiff hairs. 

Sigantea (giant golden-rod. P. New-England. y. 
Au. 2.) stem erect, .glabrous: leaves lanceo- 
late, smooth, serrate, rough-edged, obscurely © 
'8-nerved: racemes panicled: peduncles rough- 
haired: rays short. 4 to7 feet high. 


444 SOLIDAGO.” 


ciliaris (fringed golden-rod. Ww. PA. N. ‘Sy 
2%.) stem erect, glabrous : : leaves iiricoolaio, . 
somewhat ¢-nexveds glabrous, rough-edged, 
slightly serrate : racemes panicled : peduncles 
glabrous : : bracts. ciliate: rays short. The 
stem is angular ; radical leaves petioled, oval, 
pointed, veiny, serrate, rough, near a foot long : 
branches of the panicle ik saanens i shiepnas mi 
nute. 

-roflecea (hang-leaf ¢ solden-rod. C. P. 9 hi: my -) 
stem erect, villosc : leaves Lantcwclgaey! ssubser- 
rate, scabrous. refiexed : racemes panicled, pery, 
little one-sided, reflexed. 

‘laterifiara Ast ide-flowered goiden-rod. Pp. Gan. y- 

. Au. 4.) stem erect, alittle hairy :-leaves hanes- 
olate e, slightly 3-nerved; glabrous, rough-cdged, 
lower ones subserrate, racemes poneney, a lit-— 
tle recurved. . Flowers large, the rays being 
much longer than the calyx, stem 2 to 3 feet 
high, striated, often purplish, pinnatifid, “with 
numerous lat teral fiowering branches. “ 


°2, Racemcs, or flowers one-sided. Leaves ‘wein yf. 


aspera é frou volden-rod. C. Pay. Au. 2 23): stem 
erect; terete, hairy: leaves ovate, somewhat 
voval, . very rough, rugose, serrate |: racemes 
panicled. About 3 feet high; leaves J to 2 
inches long, acute ; racemes dense, somewhat 
Conic : ray ‘forets twicens long as the calyx. 
“allissima (variable golden-rod. ALW. Hee ye 
Au. %.) stem erect, rough-haired ; leaves lance- 
olate, lower ones deeply serrate, ‘scebrous, ru- 
gose.. The -panicled racemes are very numer- 
ous and spread every wey. so as‘ to briug the 
one-sided flowers upwards ; rays haif as long 
again as the calyx. Dut this species is so vari- 
able, that students generally endeavor to make — 
several, species, of it. It ‘is 3 to 5 feet high. 
he serratures of the leaves are or and une- 


SOLIDAGO. 445 


gual ; it is hairy or villose ; and sometimes the 
* racemes diverge but little. | 
“rugosa, (wrinkled golden-rod. P. Can. y. Au. 2.) 
stem erect, rough-haired : leaves lanceolate, 
~ seabrous, rugose, lower ones with close-pressed 
’ serratures: racemes panicled, very spreading. 
‘+ Leaves shorter and broader than ihe last, and 
» the flowers a little smaller. 
veillosa (soft golden-rod. P. y. 2.) stem erect, vil- 
lose: leaves lanceolate, softish, serrate: ra- 
-*cemes panicled. 18 to 36 inches high. 
seabra (harsh golden-rod. P. y. Au. ¥.) stem 
erect, rough-haired, furrowed : leaves oblong, 
tapering to both ends, acuminate, glabrous 
above, rugose and scabrous beneath, along the 
~ middle close-pressed-serrate, 
‘memoralis (woolly golden-rod. A. Can. y. Au. ¥.) 
stem erect downy: cauline leaves lanceolate, 
hispid, entire ; radical ones somewhat wedge- 
form, serrate : racemes panicled. 1 to 2 feet 
’ high, ofa grey aspect. ©” 
patula (spread gelden-rod. P. ‘C: y. 8. %.) stem 
erect, glabrous : leaves oval, serrate, glabrous, 
radical ones! oblong-spatulate : racemes pani- 
cled spreading : peduncles pubescent. Stem 
about 2 feet high, wand-like, angular and stri- 
.° vate; stem-leaves sessile, about an inch long, 
pointed, the radical ones resemble those of the 
ox-eyed daisy ; racemes about an inch long, 
flowers rather large. 
ulmifolia (elm golden-rod. P. C. y. Au. 2/.) stem 
-_ erect, glabrous, striate: leaves oval, deeply 
serrate, acuminate, villose beneath ; radical 
ones obovate: racemes panicled ; peduncles 
_villose : rays short. Radical leaves resemble 
' those of the last species and are hairy both 
. sides, some of the rest are oblong-ovate and 
' only villose near the veins beneath ; the peti- 
oles are bracted. — a , 
-arguta (sharp-notch pt a A. Can. y. 8. 2.) 
Nn ys. 


446 SOLIDAGO. 


stem erect, glabrous : leaves glabrous, sharply 
and unequally serrate, cauline ones oval, radi- 
cal ones oblong-ovate : racemes panicled : rays 
elongated. 3 AS: 
juncea (rush-stalk golden-rod."W ? C. P. y. Au. 
2%.) stem erect, glabrous : leaves lanceolate, 
glabrous, rush elect, lower ones serrate : 
racemes panicled. Stem brownish, somewhat 
angular and striate, leafy ; racemes a finger’s 
length, dense, recurved-spreading, compound, 
pedicels roughish, bracted ; ray twice as long 
as the calyx. 
elliptica (oval-leaf golden-rod. P. C. y. Au. 2.) 
stem -crect, glabrous : leaves oval, smooth, ser- 
rate : racemes panicled : rays of middling length. 
asperata (file-leaf. golden-rod. Can. y. 2{.) stem 
panicle-corymbed ; racemes suberect ; flowers 
ascending : leaves lanceolate, serrate, sca- 
brous. | 
recurcata (curved golden-rod, P. y. S. 2.) stem 
erect, pubescent : leayes lanceolate, serrate, 
rough-edged : racemes elongated, recurved, 
panicled. 
sempervirens (narrow-leaf golden-rod. C,. P. Can. 
. y-S. ¥.) stem erect, glabrous: leaves lance- 
; linear, somewhat fleshy, smooth, entire, rough- 
edged : racemes panied ; peduncles hairy. 
Stem tall, purplish, a little glaucous ; leaves 
many, narrow, long ; ray florets long, narrow, 
rather numerous, , 
wirgata (wand golden-rod. N. C. P. W. y. Au, 
2/.) stem very simple, glabrous : leaves wedge- 
- lanceolate, obtuse, entire, glabrous, close-pres- 
sed, upper ones gradually smaller: branches 
of the panicle elongated, with terminal ra- 
cemes ; peduncles glabrous. About 2 feet high, 
very smooth and slender. 
pdora (sweet-scented golden-rod. P. Can. y. Au. — 
2.) stem erect, pubescent : leaves lance-linear, — 
pptire, glabrous, yough-edged ; racemes pani- 


* 


° 


ay 


* 


SOLIDAGO. 447 


-eled. The upper part of the stem is furrowed ; 


vacemes 2 or 3 inchés long, aia horizon- 
tally, each generally accompanied by a leaf; 


bracts oblong, smooth ; stalk angular anc 


ugh. This is the true golden rod tea-plant. 
e flowers dried so as not to be musty make 
a pleasant tea, which is moderately astringent 
and promotes perspiration, 


8. Racemes erect. 


Bicolor (white golden-rod. W. A. H. Y. P. w. Au. 


2.) stem hairy : leaves oval, hairy, lower ones 
serrate ; those on the flower-branches entire, 
numerous, and small; scales of the calyx ob- 
tuse. Racemes are short and compact, rays 
white, somewhat numerous and shortish ; disk 
florets rather numerous. 


petiolaris (late golden-rod. P, C. y. Oc. UL.) stem 


erect, villose : leaves oval, roughish, petioled 
rays twice as long as the calyx. Stem branch- 
ing, terete, hoary ; leaves hoary about the ribs, 
over an inch in length, those covering the 
flower-branches subentire ; racemes numerous, 
short, with few and rather large flowers. 


“stricta (willow-leaf golden-rod. P. C. v. Au. Y.) 


stem erect, glabrous : cauline leaves lanceolate, 
entire, glabrous, rough-edged ; radical leaves 
serrate : racemes. panicied, erect ; peduncles 
glabrous. The branches of the panicle are 
erect, simple, close. 


lanceolata (grass-leaf golden-rod. N.W.HL.P.Y. y. 
‘5. 4) stem furrowed, smoosthish (rough-haired, 
Willd.) very branching: leaves almost linear 


(iance-linear, Willd.) entire, roughish ; nearly 
erect, with 3 or 5 rough nerves : corymbs ter- 
minal, level-topped : flowers in heads: fays 
not longer than the disk. Stem 4 or5 feet high, 
leafy ; leaves sessile, grass-green, about 2 in- 
ehes long and a quarter of an inch wide ; flow- 


448 - SOLIDAGO. is 


ers smallish ; calyx ovate, smooth, shining, with 
tumid green-tipped scales. | as 

fenuifoia (pigmy golden-rod. SL SB TB: 
stem rough, angular, branched, corymbed : 
leaves spreading, linear, very narrow, slightly 
$-nerved, scabrous, with axillary ‘intts of 
smaller ones : corymbs terminal, ce 
flowers in heads: rays scarcely exceeding the 
disk. About a foot high; leaves very small 
and narrow. : 

enesia (blue-stem golden rod. H. y. Au. ¥.) stem 
nearly erect; very smooth and even: leaves 
lanceolate, glabrous, with the margins and 
nerves roughish: rays rather longer than the 
disk. Stem upright, somewhat zigzag, branch- 
ed, leafy ; leaves about 2 inches long, point- 
ed, subentire, subglaucous, paler heneath: ra- 
cemes numerous, short, rough-pedicelled ; 
bracts small, smocth, subulate. ‘ 

livida (purple-stem golden-red. P. C. y. S. 2.) 
stem glabrous, panicled : leaves lanceolate, 
serrate, glabrous, rough-edged: branches ra- 
cemed at the extremity: rays elongated. Stem 
branched, dark purple; leaves tapering to 
both ends. 

hispida (P. C. y. Oc. 2.) stem erect, hispid, sca- 
brous : leaves lanceelate, rough, entire: rad- 
ical ones serrate : rays of middling length.— 
Resembles the caesia. 

hirta (hairy golden-rod. North America. y. 2.) 
stem panicled, rough- haired: leaves lanceo- 
tate, scabrous beth siies ; cauline ones serrate, 
those on the branches entire: rays elongated. 

lithosperinifolia (gromwell golden-rod. P. C. y. 
Au, 2{.) stem branching, hairy : leaves lanceo- 
late, scabrous both sides, tapering, 3-nerved, 
entire: rays elongated. Leaves bear some 
resemblance to these of the gromwell. 

igevigata (fiesh-leaf golden-rod. H. Can. P, y. 8. 
U) stem erect; smooth: leaves lanceolate, 


SOLIDAGO., 449 


fleshy. entire, smooth in every part : racemes 
panicled : peduncles scaly, villose : rays 

; ‘pyicp as long as the calyx. Tall, strong.— 

ably a variety of Maxicana. Growsin 

salt marshes. 
mexicana (New-England. P. y. Ju. 4.) stem ob- 
 lique, glabrous: leaves lanceolate, somewhat 
| fleshy, entire, smooth in every part : racemes 
~ panicled; peduncles scaly, glabrous ;: rays 
_ elongated. Grows near salt water. Tall, 

- flowers large; radical leaves obovate, long-pe- 
tioled : bracts numerous, lanceolate, keeled, 

_ recurved, thin, scale-like. 

‘wuminea (twig golden-rod. P. Can. y. Au. %.) 
stem erect, subpubescent: leaves lance-linear, 
membranaceous, tapering to the base, glabrous, 
rough-edged, the lower ones subserrate : rays 
elongated: Peduncles and branches angular 
and very rough ; bracts lanceolate, recurved, 

' ‘smooth ; flowers numerous. 

erecta (upright golden-rod, 24.) stem sub-villose : 

» Jeaves lanceolate, veiny, glabrous, entire, sub- 
petioled, 

macrophylia (Cau. 2/.) lower leaves ovate, acu- 

' minate, tapering, unequally and sharply ser- 

rate, glabrous ; cauline leaves tapering to both 
ends, lanceolate, subsessile, serrate : racemes 

_ axillary, pedancled, leafy, of the lerigth of the 

leaves: calyx oblong, turgid, many-flowered ; 

rays somewhat elongated. About 3 feet high. 

- — Intermediate between this genus and the aster. 

Jlexicaulis (zigzag golden-rod. W. A. ¥. Puy. Au. 

- Uf.) stem zigzag.glabrous,angled : leaves lance- 

_. olate acuminate, serrate, glabrous : racemes 
axillary :-rays half as long again as the calyx. 
Stem slender, purplish, partly terete and part- 
ly angular ; leaves numerous on short broad 
petioles, hardly 2 inches leng and half an inch 
wide, paler ory ty upper less serrate 5 

nh 2 


- 


450 SOLIDAGO. 


racemes much shorter than the leaves, the up- 
er ones subcapitate. Ere itis 

latifolia (broad leaf golden-rod.W.A.P.y. Au. %.) 
stem somewhat zigzag, angular, smooth : leaves. 
ovate, acuminate, strongly #serrate,. smoothy. 
contracted into winged petioles : racemes axil- 
lary. Leaves often 2 inches broad, and some-. 
times hairy on the under side of the mid- 
rib. 

virgaurea (mountain golden-rod. Saddle moun- 
tain, near Williams College. y. Ju. 1: .) stem er- 
ect, somewhat zigzag, angular, branching and 
pubescent above : cauline leaves lanceelate, ta- 
pering to both ends, serrate or crenate ; lower 
leaves oval, a little hairy : rays elongated : 
racemes lateral and terminal. Smuth describes 
several varieties of this species. Ihave select- 
ed those characters which agree with that va- 
riety which grows in great abundance en Sad- 
dle mountain. I always found the stem 5 or 6- 
angled and the ray florets 8 or 10. bags 

rigida (hand-leaf golden-rod. P. C. y. Au. Uf.) 
stem corymbed, hairy, scabrous : leaves ovate- 
oblong; rough, with minute rigid hairs ; lower 
ones serrate, upper ones entire : racemes com- 
pact : raystiice the length.of the ebtuse calyx.. 
Stem 4 or 5 feet high, terete,.striate, leafy ; 
leayes a little hoary, radical ones petioled, 12 
inches long, broad, acuminate,.nerved, the rest 
1. to 4-inches long ; seales of the calyx round- 
obtuse, nerved, membranous at the edges. 

noveboracensis (star golden-rod. N. ©, ¥. Oc. 2.) 
radical leaves oval-oblong, long-petioled,. 
rough : stem almost leafiess, branched, fur- 
vowed, level-top corymbed : rays twice as long 
as the tapering calyx. Stem 2 or 3 feet high,. 
strong, rough, furrowed, having leaves only at 
the origin of the flowering branches ; radical 
leaves with shailow serratures; flowers large, 
vesembling in form some asters; calyx scales 


SONCHUS, SORBUS. 451 


_ marrow, \ a enw Grows plentifully along the 
banks of Connecticut river at the Northampton 
meadows. 


SoncuHuws, 82. 


leucophaeus (sow thistle. O. b-w. Ju. 5.) peduncles 
» scaly: flowers racemed ; leaves runcinate, acu- 
minate : stem. wand-panicled. . 
oleraceus (O. y. Ju. ®.) peduncles sub-tomentose, 
umbelled : calyx glahrous: leaves lance-ob- 
long, clasping, denticulate,. subsinuate. 
pallidus (P. New-England. y. Ju. 2.) flowers in 
a compound terminal raceme or panicle: leaves 
lance-ensiform, clasping,. toothed. Lactuca 
canadensis. | 
palustris (marsh sowthistle. 2/.) calyx and pedun- 
cle hispid, subumbelled : leaves runcinate, sag- 
ittate at the base.. | 
arvensis (P. y. Au. 2.) calyx and peduncles his- 
id, subumbelled : leaves 'runcinate, denticu- 
ate, cordate at the base: root creeping. 
Jioridanus (P. b. Ju. % .) peduncles somewhat sca- 
ly : flowers panicled : leaves runcinate-lyrate : 
petioled, denticulate. Pursh says this is called 
the gall of the earth, and is used. for curing the 
_ bite of the rattlesnake.. 
acuminatus (P. b. Au. 3.) peduncles somewhat 
scaly : flowers panicled: radical leaves sub- 
runcinate ; cauline ones ovate, acuminate, peti- 
oled, denticulate in the middle. 
_ alpinus (mountain sowthistle, Can. b-w. Au. 7%.) 
eduncies hirsute, naked : flowers racemed, 
bracted : leaves runcinate,.sagittate at the base, 
glabrous, glaucous beneath: 


Sorpus, 62. 


americana (mountain ash. W. A. ©. A. P. w. M. 
h.) leaves pinnate ; leafets lanceolate, serrate, 


452 SORGHUM, SPARGANIUM, 


glabrous :_ flowers. corymbed, . Pursh applies. 
this name toa Canada species, ar eee 
species the name, microcarpa. ‘This shrub-or 
tree grows in very great plenty on Saddle 
mountain, near Williams College 5 particular- 
ly at the height of about two thousand feet 
above the level of the college. It is usuall 

from 10'to 20 feet high. The taste and smelf 


eee. eee 


of the bark greatly resemble that of the wild. — 


cherry tree. ‘It is an excellent tonic. 


“ +4 
TéA2 


SorcuuM, 32: 


saccharatum (vroom corn. E. y-g. Au. @.) pani- 
cle somewhat whorled, spreading: seeds oval, 
glames coyered with permanent softish hairs. 
Leaves linear; 6 to 8 feet high. From the- 
East Indies. 

eulgare (indian millet: E. 24) panicle compact, 
oval, nodding when mature : seed naked, sub+.. 
compressed; ‘ . $6 


SPARGANIUM, 91. 


rvamosum (bur-reed. O. w. Ju. €.) the three-sid- 
ed bases of the leaves concave on the two out- 
sides : the general fruit-stem branched : stig- 
ma linear... In water, generally. Flowers in 
round heads ; the staminate heads above the 
pistillate ones, and considerably the smaliest. 

simplex (flag bur-reed. A. P. w. Ju. Y.) three- 
sided bases of the leaves not concave on the 
outsides (the concavity commences. above ‘the 
base) the general fruit-stem not branched: 
stigma linear. ‘his species is much taller than 
the preceding, and though smaller peduncles 
are inserted upon the main one, the latter is not. 
itself branched. Near the Patroon’sy Albany, 
it grows in moist ground about 3 feet high. 

natans (C. Can. Au. 2.) leaves decumbent, flats 


a Siete tte yg shed ie a 
ee ee a ee we ee ee ee At is eae ae! - 


nag Be, 


~ 2 6? A 


ia ad 
, 


“ 
ri SPARGANOPHORUS, SPHAERIA. 453 


general fruit-stem not branched : stigma ovate, 

’ short : staminate head subsolitary. Var. an- 
gustifolium, has very narrow leaves, greatly | 
overtopping the stem, weak; floating. Heads 

very small. . 


SPARGANOPHORUS, 84, 


verticillatus (water crown-cup. New Jersey. p. 
Au. 2.) leaves setaceous-linear, whorled : 
stem generally 1-flowered : egret companulate, 

- §-toothed. Floating in water. 


Spartina, see Limnetis. 
SPARTIUM, 78. 


gunceum (spanish broom. E. J.  .) branches oP: 
ite, wand-like, bearing flowers at the end: 
leave lanceolate, glabrous. 
scoparium (scotch broom. E. J. ®.) leaves ter= 
nate and solitary, oblong: flowers axillary : 
obeys pilose at the margin : branches ange- 
ars 


SPERGULA, 59. 


arvensis ory. O. w. J. .) leaves filiform, 

- whorled : panicle dichotomous ; peduncles be- 
come reflexed as the fruit advances to maturi- 
ty : seed reniform. 

_ Saginoides (pearl spurry. New-Jersey. w. J. 2%. 
or &.) leaves opposite, subulate, naked: pe- 
duncles solitary, very long, glabrous. Per- 
soon asks, whether this is not a variety of the 
Sagina procumbens. 


SPHAERIA, 118, 


Sragiformis (globule fungus. P.) aggregated like 


sata 
454 SPHAERIA, SPINACIA. 


tle acines of a raspberry, rusty-red. Having 
a strawberry-like appearance. 4 
ucuta (P.) solitary, conic, minute. 4 
bombardica (P.) lustered, globular, black, ‘shine 
-in ; 
antes (P.) imbedded, clustered, ovate-oblong,._ 
black, ciliate. 
nivea (P.) white, clustered, tubercled, imbedded, — 


SPHAEROPHORON; 114. 


globiferus (seed-ball lichen) tila btiaithed, a 
cylindric, brownish, smooth. 


SPHAGNUM, 106. 


fatifolium (peat-moss, O.) leafets closely imbii= 
cate, concave, ovate, obtuse, . 

cupillifolinm (P.) leaves closely imbricate, Jances. ; 
ovate, acuminate, fiattish. ‘ 

euspidatum (P.) leaves remotish, spreading, lan« } 
ceolate, cuspidate, undulate. 


> 


SPIGELIA, 58, 


fnarilandica (pink-root. P. p.J. 4.) stem d-sided: k 
meh es all opposite. ‘The most celebrated vere. 
mi use. 


Sritoms, 111. 


qnelaleuca (effiorescent lichen) blackish, flat, bitte ; 
confluent. 


SPINACTA, 09, 


oleracea (spinach. E. J. ©.) fruit sessile, prickly : 
or unarmed : leaves hastate-sagitcate : stem: — 
branched. In habit resembles the Chenopodi-. 
um album, 


SPIRAEA, — 453i 


 -‘Sprraga, 62. 


‘1. Stem more or less woody. 


$alicifolia (meadow-sweet, willow hard-hack. 0. 
r.W.J. kh.) leaves lance-ovate, or obovate, ser- 
_-rate, glabrous: flowers in panicled spreading 
racemes, War. alba, has white petals, and 
_ generally the twigs are redish. The small 
branches are generally killed by frost in the 
winter, as also of the next species. 
‘tomentosa (steeple bush, purple hardhack. Y. N. 
.. HAP. ©. A,r. Ju. h.) leaves lanceolate, une- 
qually serrate, downy beneath : racemes ina 
crowded, sub-panicled spike. Prof. Ives con- 
_ siders a decoction of the leaves and branches 
_ of this plant, as one of the best tonics in use. 
epulifolia (uine-bark, snowball hardhack. A. C. 
_P. w.J. kh.) leaves subovate, lobed, doubly 
toothed or crenate, glabrous : corymbs termi- 
~nal, crowded: capsules inflated: flowers tri- 
ynious, 
bs reser (john’s wort hardhacx. P. Can. w. 
1. .) leaves obovate, entire, or toothed at the 
apex: umbels sessile. 
‘erenata (C. h.) leaves obovate, acute, tooth-cre- 
nae at the apex : corymbs peduncled, crowd- 
ed, eG 


‘2. Stem herbaceous. 


almaria (queen of the meadow. E. w. Au. ¥.) 

_ leaves pinnate, downy beneath ; the terminal 
leafet larger, 3-lobed, the lateral ones undivid- 
ed ; flowers in a proliferous corymb. 

aruncus (steeple weed. P. Catskill. w. J. UY.) 
leaves pinnate, with 2 or 3 pair of leafets: 
flowers in a panicled spike: styles 3 to 5. Var. 
americand,; has very long slender spikes. 


¥ il 


Grows from 4 to 6 feet high, north of Judge 
Benton’s on the Catskill, 


fobata (P. vr. Ju. 2%.) leaves pinnate, glabrous ; 


the odd leafet large, 7-lobed, lateral ones 3- 
lobed : corymbs proliferous. » switrs 


trifoliata (ipecac. indian physic, Bowman’s root. 


Can. P. w. J. %.) leaves ternate, lanceolate, 
serrate, subequal : stipules linear, entire, flow- 
ers terminal, lax-panicled : calyx tubular, 
campanulate. Gillenia trifoliata. An excel- 
let emetic. See Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. p. 
68. 


slipulacea (Western states. w. J. Ut.) leaves ter- 


nate, lanceolate, gash-serrate, nearly equal : 
stipules leafy, ovate, gash-toothed : flowers in 
a lax panicle : calyx bell-form. Possessing pro- 
perties similar to the last. Gillenia stipulacea. 
See Barton’s Veg. Mat. Med. p.75. Dr. Bar- 
ton remarks, that these two last species never 
grow in the vicinity ef each other ; but that one 
or the other can be found in most parts of North 
America. meet f | 


SPLACHNUM, 106. 


ampuilaceum (umbrella moss. P.) receptacle ebce- 


nic, obtuse, greenish purple : leaves swelling, 
lanceolate, serrate, pointed : apophysis blubs 
ber-like. sii il 


Stacwys, 68. — 


aspera (hedge-nettle, clownheal. O. w-p. Ju. U.} 


stem erect, hispid backwards : leaves subpeti- 
oiled, lanceolate, acutely serrate, very glabrous : 
whorls about 6-flowered: calyx with spread- 
ing spines. Yar. tenuifolia.leaves very thin 
and slender. 


ee oe 


Fs a 
STAPHYLEA, STELLARIA. 


i em 
- 


«> end 
STAPHYLEA, 47. oun 


trifolia. (bladder-nut. O. y-w. M. bh.) leaves .S 
threes : racemes pendant : petals ciliate below. ¢ 
A handsome shrub, about 10 or 12 feet high. 
- When in flower, if the germ be cut transversely % 
- and examined, it will appear 2 or 3-celled and 
will contain the rudiments of 15 to 20 seeds, 
But when the fruit is ripe, it consists of 2 or 3 
' inflated, adnate, ssubmembranous capsules, 
each containing i to 3 hard smallnuts. ‘There- 
fore the generic characters, given by Linneus, 
Smith, Persoon, Pursh, &c. will mislead the 
student, if examined in the time of flowering 
only. . have ventured to omit the number of 
nuts, in the generic description. 


~ 


STATICE, 48. 


limonium (marsh rosemary, sea lavender. H. Y. 
C. b. Au. 2%.) scape terete: panicle much 
- branched: leaves lance-obovate, obtuse, mu- 
cronate, glabrous. Very efficacious in dysenta- 
vies. See Moit’sdissertation. A decoction of 
the root is an-excellent gargle in cankers and 
ulcerated sore throat. See r’s Botanical 
arrangement, page 452. Mem. Soc. Arts. 
armeria (thrift. P.r. Ja. 2:.) scape simple, pilose ; 
- flowers capitate: leaves linear, grass-like, flat, 
obtuse. 


STELLARIA, 59. 


longifolia (long-leaf starwort. H. Y. w. J.) stem 
ecumbent, (or sub-decumbent) leaves lance- 
linear, opposite, entire, smooth: panicle ter- 
minal: calyx 3-nerved, about equalling the 
petals. Dr. ea tt informed me, that the 

Ree i) 


458 STELLARIA, STICTA. 


lant, which he called S. graminea in the Boston 
HMorula, is the S. longifolia. sito Fa ‘ 

palustris (stitchwort, meadow starwort. W. w. J.) 
leaves lance-linear, entire, glaucous: flowers 
panicled : petals 2-parted, i ger than the 3- 
nerved calyx. This plant grows along the 
south margin of a_meadow half a mile north of 
Williams College. The stem is mostly erect, 
and the cero] is twice as long as the calyx. I 
could not therefore make it agree with any spe- 
cies credited to this country. It ought to be 
compared with Smith’s drawing of it, which he 
Sn glauca; butitis net now in my power to 

- do it. | 

pubera (P. w. M. 2%.) pubescent : leaves sessile, 
ovate, ciliate: pedicels erect: petals longer 
than the calyx. Flowers large. 


STEMONITIs, 118. 


fascicularis (brittle-bark buff-ball. P.) fascicled, 
steel-blue : head subturbinate : stem very short. 

ee (¥ ?) stemless, globular : seeds rusty- 
ochre. 


- 


STEREOCAULON, 117. 


¢amulosum (knobbed lichen. P.) shrubby, rough, 
fibrous, pale: branches scattered, diffuse, near- 
ly simple : knobs scattered and terminal, near- 
ty globular, black-brown. 

paschale (P.) brittle, shrabby, greenish-grey, 
granular-scaly : branches short, crowded : 
knobs flattish, turbinate, scattered, lateral and 
bey at length clustered and convex; olive- 

rown. 


. Sricra, 115. 


crocata (pit-back lichen. P.) subcoriaceous, sub 


COE... : Pe] 
STICTA, SWERTTIA, 459 
~ @epressed, round-lobed, pitted, ¢laucous-brown, 
_ with a citron-mealy margin and tubercles, pits 
beneath citron: shields black-brown with a 
glaucous-brown margin. 
anthrapsis (P.) cartilage-membranous, round- 
‘Tobed, pitted-reticulate, greenish-grey, nearly 
~ naked and a little ra beneath with minute 
white pits: shields lateral, becoming convex, 
black, with a greenish-grey margin in the 
_ young state. 
sylvaticus (P.) membranous, ascending, glaucous- 
brown, somewhat pitted, cut-lobed, ferrugi- 
nous-brown and vilioas beneath with white 
its : shields nearly marginal, ascending, 
roWne 


Sripa. 80. 


avenacea (feather grass. P. J. 2.) leaves striate, 
labrous : panicle spreading, sub-unilateral 5 
ranches whorled with branchlets ; calyx acute, 
membranaceous, eqalling the glabrous seed : 
awn naked, twisting. 
sericea (New-Jersey. J. 2.) leaves terete-fili- 
form, very long: panicle effuse, slenderly ca- 
pillary ; corol small, but twice as long as the 
calyx: awn naked strait. Am elegant grass 
~ with a silky purplish panicle. — 


STYLOSANTHUS, 81. 


hispida (pencil flower. C. P. y. Au. /.) stem pu- 


bescent on one side: Jeaves lanceolate, giab-— 


vous: bracts lanceolate, ciliate: heads 2 or 3- 
flowered. Var. procumbens, stem procumbent. 


SwerTia, 43. 
pusilla (false gentian, Whitehills, b. J. ©.) corol 


wheelform, twice as long as the calyx : Stem 
simple, 1-flowered : leaves oblong, 


% 


460 SWERTIA, TALINUM. 


corniculata (Can. Western states. g-y. Fu. % ) 
corol bellform, with a deflected horn: leaves 


ovate : branches short. In swamps. © ¢° 
; . J x i ea Rite 
SYMPHITUM, 87.0 9 0) oR 


Hithio meh hed 
officinale (comfrey. E. y-w. J. 2!.) leaves ovate- 
sublanceolate, deeurrent, rugose. Naturaliz- 
ed. Dr. Cutler says, the leaves give a grateful 
flavor to cakes. “Fa B 


Symplocarpus, see Pothos. — we? 
SyRInGa, 26. 


re -os (lilac. E. b-p. w. M. h.) leaves cordate: 

owers inastyrse. - 

persica (persian lilac. E. b. M. 2.) leaves lanceo- 
late, entire and pinnatifid. 4) bg eas a 


pers =” 


tes 
TAGETES, 85.. 


erecta (african marygold. E. y. Ju. ©.) leaves 
pinnate ; leafets lanceolate, ciliate-serrate : 
peduncles 1-flowered,.incrassate, subinflated : 
calyx angled. | 

patula (french marigold, E. y. Ju. &.) leaves 
pinnate ; leafets lanceolate, ciliate-serrate : 
peduncles 1-flowered, subincrassate ; calyx 
smooth: stem spreading. 


Tatinum, 60. 


teretifolium (taliny. P. p. Ju.y.) leaves cylindric. 
fleshy : corymbs terminal,.peduncled. 


TAMARIX, TEUCRIUM. 463 


& 


4. ; : TAMARIX, 473 
B37 Fi 
germanica (tamarisk. E. h .) flowers decandrous : 
spikes terminal : leaves sessile, lance-linear. 
ica (french tamarisk. E. J. h.) spikes later 
al ; leaves clasping.. 
Sie ah 


bene we « TANACETUM, 85. 


vulgare (tansey. E. y. Ju. %.) leaves doubly pin» 
nate, nen Naturalized. Var. cris- 
pum (doubly tansey) leaves crispid and dense. 


Taxus, 104. . 


canadensis (dwarf yew, shin-wood. P. Can. Fish- 
kill, New-York. Ap. k .) leaves linear, 2-rank- 
ed, margin revolute : receptacles of the stam- 
inate flowers globose. 1 to 2 feet high, with 
creeping roots. . 


Tephrosia, see Galega. 
Terraputs, 106. 


pellucida (four-tooth moss. P.) capsule cylindric: 
_ leaves ovate, acute, 1-nerved. Stem simple, 1 
inch high : lid conic, reddish, thin, half as 
a as the capsule: teeth rigid, polished, 
rown.. 


Trevucrivm, 67.. 


canadense (wood-sage, germander. O. r. Ju. ay 
whitish-hirsute : ate lance-ovate, serrate, all. 
petioled : stem erect ; spikes whorled,. crowd- 
ed: bracts twice as long as the calyx. 
virginicum (C.r, J. 2.) pubescent ; leaves ovate- 
oblong, serrate ; upper ones subsessile : stem 
7) 


a 


462 THAELAEPHORA, THALICTRUM. 


erect : spikes whorled, crowded : bracts of the 
length of the calyx. tityes ) eee 5 eee 


ef &2) sees Sr aeee \s 


a Pfehjeoimia: 
“ open hee se ae ; us ge Oe) eoBRaey 
caryophyllea (pink fungus. P.) head furmel-fornt, 
thin, purplish-brown, fringed, variously jagged 
or crisped. Substance tough and somewhat 
woody, chocolate brown. 1 to 3 inches in di- 
ameter. ‘ittw weite 
rubiginosa (P.) imbricated, rigid, rusty-brown, 
smooth both sides, with scattered, largi 
knobs: soft and velvety. About an inch in di- 
ameter. | ie exe 
hirsuta (P.) aggregate, rounded, coriaceous, con- 
vex, somewhat zoned, yellowish, shaggy above, 
smooth nero ath. An inch Mecliatelc 
uercina (P.) oblong, coriaceous, rugose, pale 
; flesh coloured 3 mar egiad somewhat involute, 
blackish-brown at the back. ‘Two or three 
inches long, somewhat oval, light flesh colour- 
ed, with a dusty surface. 


"THALICTRUM, 66. 


polygamous. sentr RATES 
diocum (meadow rue. O. w-r. M. YJ.) leaves 
thrice ternate, leafets cordate, many-lobed, 
very smooth: panicles axillary, filiform : flow- 
ers dioecious : petals not longer than the fila- 
ments or germs : stigmas almost capillary.— 
Leaves often 5 to 7-lobed : panicles solitary or 
in pairs, subumbelled, often the panicle is ac- 
+ companied by along peduncled solitary flow- 
er ; seed ovate-oblong, striate. Whole plant 

smooth, little umbels few-flowered: 

cornuti (A. W. g-w. J. 2.) leafets 3-lobed, glau- 
cous, smooth: panicles terminal: flowers di- 
eecious : petals 5 ; roots fibrous. | About ’s or 


Remark. Our species are mostly dioecious or 


THALICTRUM, THESIUM. 463 


»4-feet high: stamens white with yellow an- 
thers ; seeds triangular. 
polygamum (O.W. Ju. or Au. 2.) pubescent with 
slender down : leafets ovate, subcordate and 
wedge-form, 3-lobed at the apex, stbrugose 
above, subtomentose beneath : panicles termin- 
‘al; pedicels subumbelled, divaricate: flowers 
t gamous, Late in autumn some indivi- 
uals still remain in flower, and make a fine 
shew with the numerous long white stamens. 
C. pubescens, Pursh. 
yugosum (A. C. P. w. J. 2/.) stem striate : leafets 
ovate and lanceolate, rugose, veiny, obtuse- 
lobed : panicle large, terminal, corymbose ; 
flowers erect. ‘Tall. Panieles almost leafless. 
purpurascens (P. Can. p. J. 4.) stem twice as tall 
as the leaves : leaves compound ; leafets round- 
~ ish, S-cleft, gashed: panicles nakedish ; flow- 
ers nodding ; stamens purple. Small. 


TuHea, 64. 


bohea (bohea tea. E. M. }.) flowers 6 petalled : 
leaves oblong-oval, rugose. From China and 


a 

viridis (green tea. E. }.) flowers 9-petalled : 

/ leaves very long-oval. J. C. Lettsom says, 
.. this is only a variety of the bohea. | 

280 THELOTREMA, 115. 


_-pertusus (crust lichen.) warts hemispheric, with 
lor 2pores. Smith has removed this species 
to the genus endocarpon. * 

Tursivum, 43. p. 


-winbellatum (false toadflax. O. w-g. J. ¥.) erect : 
leaves lance-oval : fascicles of flowers corymb- 
terminal. Nuttall has changed this generic 


a 


H04 THESIUM, THYMUS: © 


- name to Comandra. With all due deference 
to the opinion of this learned botanist, I would 
ask, whether he has, in this case, sufficient rea- 
son for rejecting an established name?» I know 
R. Brown says, that our speeies resembles the 
Santalum, an East India plant, with a single 
species in the genus. But why not rather im- 
prove the generic character, and retain the old. 

--name notwithstanding ? ove Hite slat 

ore ye ty rantl> 


‘THUASPI, 74.. 


bursa-pastoris ;(shepherd’s purse. O. ws M. ©.) 
hirsute : silicles. deltoid-obcordate : radical 
leaves pinnatifid. iiey mds uepa tere 
campestris - (yellow-seed, - false-flax,. mithridate 
mustard. O. J. &.) silicle obcordate, inflated, 
_ glandular-punetate : cauline leaves. sagittate, 
toothed. Very troublesome’in flax fields, and 
was probably introduced with flax-seed. 
arvense (penny-cress. C. P. Detroit. J. @.) si- 
licles suborbicular, compressed, smooth ; leaves. 
* oblong, toothed, glabrous. FaseEM egy 


~ Tausa, 96... — 


eccidentalis (arbor-vitae,. false » white-cedar. A. 
Can. P. M. hk.) branchlets 2-edged: leaves. 
imbricate 4 ways, rhomb-ovate, close-pressed, 
naked, tubercled.:. strobiles obovate ; inner 
scales truncate, gibbous below the apex... 

, ’ , 4 . ‘a ctep 


TuyMos,.79. 


serpylium (mother of thyme. E. b-p. J. .) flower- 
~ heads: stem creeping: leaves flat, obtuse, cili- 
ate at the base. ae 
vulgaris (thyme. E.: b-p. J. Y. %.) erect : leaves 
ovate, and linear, revolute ; flowers ina wherl- 
ed spike. — fe 0 le i 
: ott 


- Cte. ey . ars wae 
THYMUS, TILLAEA. 465 
336 


fanuginosus (lemon thyme. E. %. hk.) flowers in 
- heads : stem.creeping,. hirsute : leaves obtuse, 


ahahass om | TraARELLA, 58. 

MILK x 

<ordifolia (miter-wort, gem-fruit. W. C. P. A. w. 

» 0M. %.) leaves cordate, acute-lobed, toothed : 
teeth mucronate: scape racemed, Resembles 
the Mitella diphylla. 


Titra, 64. 


glabra, (basswood, limetree. O. y-w. Ju. bh.) 
leaves round-cordate, abruptly acuminate, 

. sharply serrate, subcoriaceous, glabrous : pet- 
als truncate at the apex, crenate: style about 
equalling the. petals: nut ovate, subcordate. 

» Large tree; wood soft and white. ‘T. amer- 
icana. 

pubescens (crop-ear basswood. O. y-w. Ju.. na 
leaves truncate at the base (one lobe cropped 
_oblique,acuminate, tooth-serrate, pubescent be- 
neath: panicle dense-flowered : petals emar- 
ginate, about equal to the style : nut globose, 
smooth. Resembles the last so nearly, that 

_ farmers.rarely observe, that there are two spe- 
cles. ths 3 


TILLAEA, 36) 


ascendens (pigmy weed. Y. w.) stem ascending, 
~  -pooting at the lower joints: leaves connate, 
somewhat sheathing, Very minute. A new 
species. Found on the Housatonic by P 
Ives, in the summer of 1816. It was at fi 
taken for the T. connata; but on a strict ex- 
_ amination, Dr. Ives was convinced that it was 
' not described...I drew up this description from 
a specimen, which I received from Dr. I. last 


ali. I would have preferred a specific des- 
= 


466 TIMMIA, TRAGOPOGON. 


. al 
cription given by himself ;: though [ believe _ 
this to be sufficiently distinctive. : 

Tit ; i) VRigeie 
TiMMtA, 10% 8») >) 


polytrichoides (many-haired moss.) leaves lance- 

inear, serrate, spread ; capsule drooping, on a 

_ receptacle : lid convex, depressed in the centre. 

Smith says, he cannot consider Timmia an 

admissable genus, as itis not well distinguished 
from Bryum dae 


TOFIRLDA, 25.0005 ee 


pusilla (scotch asphodel. Can. gw. J. 2.) glab- 
rous : leaves short: scape filiform’; spike few- 
flowered, globular: little calyxes adnate to 
the rachis : capsule globose. Mountain 
biti Eat 4.) d pedi tino 

gtitinosa (Can. %.) scape an a ‘lutinous- 
scabrous : spike with afew Seronte tenckette . 
capsule. ego-form, twice as long as the calyx. 


barbata (hawksbeard. E..S. G.) leaves oblong, 
toothed: peduncles 1-fiowered, Bats > ir 


‘TRADESCANTIA, 45. 


virginica (spiderwort. P. b. ps. M. 3.) erect’s 
leaves lanceolate, elongated, glabrous’: flow- 
ers sessile ; umbel compact, pubescent. Oulti-. 
_ vated in gardens, | Bd 4 


TrRaGopogon, Sis 


porrifoium (vegetable oyster, goat-beard, salsi- 
fy. K. p. du. &.) calyx longer than the rays of 
the corol ; the corollets very narrow, truncate 3 
peduncles incra ssate. 


TRICHODIUM, TRICHOSTOMUM. 467 
Sumited 4.0% 'TRICHODIUM, $1. 


laxi m (thin-grass. O. M. 2%.) culm erect, 
striate, purplish ;: leaves involute, subulate ; 
upper ones flat, nerved, margin scabrous ; 
. salinates roughish ; panicie capillary, lax, spread- 
- ing3 branches whorled about in threes: glumes 
lanceolate. 12 to 18 inches high ; the panicle 
is very thin and delicate. Usually grows in 
dry fields, 
scabrum (C. P. Ju. Y¥.) culm glabrous, geniculate 
at the base, with erect branches : leaves lance- 
linear, striate. flat, margin scabrous ; stipule 2- 
cleft, acute ; sheaths striate, glabrous : panicle 
very branching, spread, with whorled, zigzag. 
branchlets, 


TRICHOPHORUM, 29. 


eyperinum (light-hair, clamp-head grass. 0. Ju. 
U4.) culm S-sided, leafy, hollow: panicle ter- 
minal, more than decompound, proliferous, pe- 
duncles and pedicels scabrous ; spikes glomer- 
ate, 3 or 4 ina head, or more, ovate, obtuse. 
$ to 5 feet high. Very common in wet mea- 
dows and swampy ground. Eriophorum cy- 
perinum. 


'TRICHOSTEMA, 69. 


dichotoma (blue curls. Y. N. H. P. b. Au. ©.) 
~  Jeaves rhoui-lanceolate : branches flower-bear- 
ing, 2-forked: stamens very long, blue, curv- 
ed. 6 to 8 inches high. Gives out a scent, — 
recisely resembling that of the spikenard. 
ar. linearis, has linear leaves. 


TRICHOSTOMUM, 107. | 
pallidwm (hair-mouth moss. P.) stem simple ve- 


i 
. 


468 TRIENTALIS, TRIFOLIUM. 


ry short : leaves capillary, sheathing : capsule 
cylindric: lid conic ; calyptre halved. 
i ert 7 tj) soe, 


TRIENTALIS, 8. =. 


europaea {chick-wintergreen. W. H. N. A. C. P. 
w. Ju.2.) leaves oval ; stem naked belows with 

a tuft of dval leaves at the top.; Var. america- 

- nds has lanceolate leaves, tapering to both ends. 
About 3 to 5 inches high. hough in the gen- 
eric description itis said the stamens vary in 

- number: in the specimens about Williams Col- 
lege org the largest proportion have the true 
number. bt 


TRIFOLIUM, 80. sso .sa%os 


pratense (common red clover. O.'r. M. 2.) as- 

cending, smoothish ; leafets ovate, subentire : 

- stipules awned: spikes dense, ovate ; lower 

tooth of the calyx shorter than the tube of the 
-corol, and longer than the other teeth. _ 


repens (white clever. GO. w. M. ¥.) creeping : | 


jeafets ovate-cbleng, emargimate, serrulate : 
fiowers in umbelled heads : teeth of the calyx 
subequal : legumes 4-seeded. -Foreign botan- 
ists often call these two species. intreduced 
plants ; but I know not on what authority. I 
have never seen a place of a few miles extent 
where they do not grow, however wild the 
country. ms 
-qrvense (rabbit-foot, field clover. O. w. Ju. ©.) 
erect, branching, villose ; leaves lance-linear, 
serrulate at the apex: stipules connate, subu- 
late at the apex: spikes villose, oval-cylindric : 
teeth of the calyx setaceous, longer than the 
corel. Grows in dry pastures or barren fields, 
stoloniferum (buffalo clover. Western part of the 
state of New-York. w. J. 2.) sending off sack- 
ers from the base of the stem : leaves obovate, 


‘TRIFOLIUM. 469 


‘unequally serrate on the sides, ‘and toothed at 
the end : teeth of the calyx narrow-lanceolate 
or subulate, longer than the tube : florets large, 
ina head-form spike. This description I drew 
_ from a dried specimen in the herbarium of 
Dr. T. R. Beck ; being unable to procure any 
other. 
pensylvanicum (P. rv. J. 2.) ascending: stem 
very branching, zigzag: leafets oval-ovate, ob- 
‘tuse, entire: stipules awned : spikes ovate-. 
cylindric, dense, solitary : lower tooth of the 
ealyx shorter than the tube of the corol. Pursh 
’ says, this is known by the name of Buffalo clo- 
ver. This is one of the many instances,where P. 
makes his popular remarks at random. Want 
of fidelity, as Mr. Nuttall calls it. has induced 
many to speak contemptuously of Pursh’s flora. 
‘This fault is, to besure, a great objection to his 
remarks atthe end of some'species. But after 
all, take his book as it is, it affords more aid in 
determining North American plants, than all 
other works extant. “ Justitia fiat,” &c. 
reHexum (P. r. J. 2.) procumbent, pubescent : 
leaves obovate : stipules oblique, cordate : 
heads many-flowered ; flowers pedicelled, at 
fength al! reflexed : legumes about 3-seeded. 
procumbens (hop clover. P. y. J. ©.)procumbent : 
stem hairy: leafets ebovate, submarginate, 
glabrous : stipules short, lanceolate, acute : 
spikes oval, imbricate: banner deflexed, fur- 
rowed, permanent. 
campestre (C. P. y. ©.) spike ovate, imbricate : 
~ banner deflected, permanent : leafets lance- 
ovate, middle one petioled: stem subdiffuse 5 
branches decumbent. 
agrarium (P. y. J. ©.) erect, subpubescent ; 
leafets lance-wedgeform, obtuse, middle one 
sessile : stipules lanceolate, acute: spikes 
oval, imbricate : banner deflexed, permanent : 
teeth of the calyx — glabrous, unequal. 
P 


470 TRIFOLIUM, TRILLIUM, 


Trifolium, see Melilotus. 


: 


TRIGLOCHIN, 53.g 


maritimum (arrow-grass. Y. H, g. Ju. %.) cap- 
sules short, evate. furrowed, 6-celled, rounded 
at the base : leaves semicylindric : reot tuber- 
ous. Grows plentiful, about 12 er 14 inches 
high, in the salt meadows about New-Haven. 

palustre (Onondaga salt springs. g. Ju. %.) tri- 
androus : capsules linear, tapering to the base, 
3-celled, smooth ; stigmas erect : leaves radi- 
cal, 2-ranked, sheathing, linear, channelled, 

smooth: roots fibrous. About 6 inches high. 

iriandrum (Can. P.) triandrous : flowers 3-cleft, 
short-pedicelled : capsules roundish-triangu- 
jar : leaves subsetaceous, almost as tall as the 
spike or scape. 


TRIGONELLA, 80. 


foenum-graecum (funegreek. E. ©.) legumes ses- 
sile, solitary, strait, erectish, subfalcate, acu- 
minate : stem erect : leaves wedge-oblong. . 


TRILLIUM, 52. 


erecium (wake-robin. W. A. N. P. p-w. M. WU.) 
peduncles erect or erectish, with the flowers a 
fittle nodding : petals oval, acuminate, spread- 
ing, equalling the calyx: leaves rhomboid, acu- 
minate, sessile : peduncle about 3 inches long. 
Var. atropurpureum, petals large, dark purple. 
Var. album, petals smaller, white; germ red. 
12 to i8 inches high. Leaves often 3 or 4 
inches broad. - 

cernuum (nodding wake-robin. Y. H.C. P. g. & 
w. M. 4.) peduncles recurved, shortish : pe- 
tals lanceolate, reflexed, the size and form of 


a ee 


TRILLIUM, TRIOSTEUM. 47 


the calyx-leaves : leaves rhomboid, abruptly 
acuminate, very short petioled, About half 
the size of the last species. Petals dull brown- 
ish white, striped with green. 
pictum (smiling wake-robin. W. C. P. w. & r. 
_M. ut.) peduncles erectish: petals lance-ovate, 
acuminate, recurved, almost twice as long as 
the narrow-leaf calyx: leaves ovate, acumin- 
ate, rounded at the base, abruptly petioled.— 
Very abundant in moderately dry woods north 
of Williams College. An elegant species. 
pendulum (P. w. M. 21.) peduncles erect, with the 
flower a little nodding: petals ovate, acumin- 
ate, spreading, longer than the calyx : leaves 
rhomboid, acuminate, sessile. Smaller than 
the erectam, germ reddish, anthers and styles 
yellow, flower dull white. I took this descrip- 
tion from Smith. He says Pursh has given 
the characters of the erectum for this species. 
But [ never saw the pendulum. 
srandifiorum (P. w. M. Y.) peduncles a little 
curved and the flowers a little nodding: petals 
-lance-spatulate, erect at the base, limb spread- 
ing, much larger than the calyx: leaves broad 
rhomb-ovate. Berries dark purple. 
sessile (P. p. M. 2.) flowers sessile, erect ; pet- 
als lanceolate, erect, twice as long as tle calyx: 
leaves sessile, broad-ovate, acute, ~ 
_ pumilum (dwarf wake-robin. P.r. M. Y.) pedun- 
cles erect; petals scarcely longer than ‘the 
calyx: leaves oval-oblong, obtuse, sessile. 


_ TriosreuM, 41. - 
perfoliatum (fever-root, norse-ginseng. O. p. J. 4.) 
eaves oval, acuminate, connate : flowers ses- 
sile, whorled. 2 to 4 feet high ; berries purple 
or yellow. Very valuable as a cathartic and 
emetic. See Bigelow’s Medical Botany and 
Barton’s Vegetable Materia Metlica. ; 


472. 'TRITICUM, TUBERCULARIA. 
TRITICUM, 31. 


hybernum (winter wheat. E. J. 3.) rg oan 
4-flowered, tumid, even, imbricate, abrupt, 
with ashort compressed point : stipule jagged :. 
corols of the upper. florets somewhat heardeis, 
‘There are several varieties of this species, 
which are induced by culture.. 

aestivum (summer wheat. E. J. &.) calyx 4-flow- 
ered, tumid, smooth, imbricated, awned.— 
Smith says this may be a variety of the last. 

compositum (egyptian wheat.. E.) spike. coms 
pound ; spikelets crowded, awned. 

repens (wheat-grass, couch-grass. O. J. Y.) calyx 
acuminate, many-nerved, 5-flowered ; flowers 
pointed : leaves flat: root creeping. — 


TRoLLIUS, 67: 


laxus (globe-flower. C. P. y. M. 2.) petals 5, 
obtuse, spreading: nectaries shorter than the 
stamens. TI’. americanus. Petals always, per-. 
haps, 5, obovate : capsules short, abrupt, 
crowded with the elongated style. | 


TROPAEOLUMy 55. 


majus (nasturtion, indian cress. E. y. & r. Ju. 
©. 2.) leaves peltate, sub-repand : petals ob- 
tuse, some of them fringed. 


- PURERCULARTA, 119. 


vulgaris (tubercle fungus. P.) aggregate or scat- 
tered, bright red,.ridgy or wrinkled, with a 

_ thick pale base. 

rosea (P.) scattered, loose, irregularly. globose,. 
rose-coloured. Bright pink little masses, which 
dissolve. in rainy weather. This Smith. gives. 
as its best distinction from some lichens, 


TULIPA, TYPHA. 473 


Tourrpa, 50. 


suaveolens (sweet tulip. E. M. 4.) small: stem 
1-flowered, pubescent : flower erect : petals ob- 
tuse, glabrous: leaves lance-ovate. 

gesneriana (common tulip. E. M. 2f.) stem 1-flow- 
ered, glabrous ; flower various-coloured, erect : 
petals obtuse, glabrous : leaves lance-oyate. 


TurritTis, 74. 


hirsuta (tower mustard. O. w. M. 6. or 2.) leaves 
all hispid ; cauline ones clasping : silique 4- 
angled. Pursh describes-a-variety, probably, 
of this species, he calls it ovata, pubescent : 
radical leaves petioled, ovate,.toothed, obtuse ; 
cauline ones clasping, oblong, serrate acute. 

laevigata (P. w. M. ©. or 2.) leaves glabrous ; 
radical ones obovate, serrate ; cauline ones 
fance-linear, entire, clasping. About 12 inch- 
es high. 


Tuss1ztaco, 86. 
farfara (colt’s foot. W. A. P. N. y. Ap. 2/.) scape 
single-flowered, scaly : leaves cordate, angular, 
toothed, downy beneath. The flower appears 
_ long before the leaves. 
Ing (mountain colt’s foot. New-Hampshire, 
ermont. y. M. {.) scape many-flowered, co- 
rymbed, bracted : leaves triangular, cordate, 
with deep triangular teeth, downy beneath. 


TYPHA, 91. . 
latifolia (cat-tail, reed-mace. O. Ju. 4.) leaves 
linear, flat, slightly convex beneath : stamin- 
_ ate and pistillate aments close together. 
angustifolia (P. Ju. 2.) leaves linear, channelled, 
semicylindric below and flattish above : sta- 
minate and pistillate aments a little separated. 
Not so large as ~ last species, , 
p 2 


ar4. ULEX, ULVA 


U. 


éuropeus (furze. E. M. hk.) leaves lance-lineary 
villose : bracts ovate lax ; branchlets erect. 


Uimus, 44. 


americana (elm, white elm. O. g-p. Ap. %.) 
branches smooth : leaves oblique at the base, 
having acuminate serratures a little hooking : 
flowers pedicelled: fruit fringed with dense 
down. A very large durable tree, with the 
branches gradually spreading, when it grows in 
open fields, so as to form a fan-form top. Var, 
pendula, has hanging branches and smoothish 
leaves. Rafinesque says this is a distinct spe- 
cies. See Florula Ludoviciana, page 115. 

Jfulva (slippery elm, red elm. O. Ap. ) .)branch- 
es scabrous, whitish: leaves ovate-oblong, acu- 
minate, nearly equal at the base, unequally ser- 
rate, pubescent both sides, very scabrous : buds 
tomentose with very dense yellowish wool ; 
flowers sessile. May always be known by 
chewing the bark, which is very mucilaginous, 

yemoralis (river elm, grove elm, New-England. 
Ap. kh.) leaves oblong, smoothish, equally ser- 
rate, nearly equal at the base: flowers sessile. 


Uxyva, 110. 


Remark. The species examined by Muhien- 
berg are all membranaceous. a 
purpurea. (glue-seaweed. P.) lance-oblong, flat, 
- margin entire, undulate. 
lactuca (P.) several fronds from the same base, 

distinct, oblong, flat, somewhat undulate, ta- 

pering below, dilated upwards, torn. os 


ULVA, UREDO. 7 475 


lubrica (P.) crowded, in tufts, oblong, convolute, 
inflected, undulate, ugsed, intersecting or an- 
astomosing, very thin, lubricous. 

intestinalis (P.) tubular, simple, green. 

compressa (P.) tubular, branched, compressed, 


Sp Unioxna, 32. 


paniculata is rush-grass. P. Ju. ¥.) panicle 
long ; spikelets subsessile : calyx many-valv- 
ed: flowers glabrous on the keel : leaves con- 
volute : culm very tall. On the sea-shore. 

latifolia (P. J. 4.) panicle lax: spikelets all long- 
Tat egal calyx 3S-yalved: flowers monan- 

rous, subfalcate, hairy on the Keel: leaves 

broad, flat. 

spicata (C. Ju. %.) flowers ina thyrse: spikelets 
approximate, close-pressed, about 6-flowered, 
awnless : leaves convolute-subulate, rigid, al- 
ternate, pointing 2-ways: culm erect, glabrous. 
Festuca distichiphylla. 


Uraspermum, see Myrrhis. 
Urcronarka, 114. 


panyrga (pitcher-shield lichen. P.) effuse, granu- 
-lar-warty, pure white : warts clustered, bear- 
ing shields which are glaucous-mealy, with 
_ . convex entire margins. — 

bryophylla (P.) effuse, tatarous, wrinkly-plaited, 
ranular, uneven, | idea 3; with a slightly 
obed leafy circumference : shields glaucous- 
black, with a flattish disk and nearly distinct 

margin. 


UrReEpDO, 118. 


i (blight, grain-rust. ©. J. ©.) linear, ob- 
long, black brown, growing from under the en- 


476 UREDO, URTICA. 
ticle of culms through the pores. See- Siz 


Joseph Bank’s essay on blight, with’ a- plate 


by F. Bauer:. 


ati 


ao 


." 


) 
%. 
¥ 


’ 


flava (yellow rust. O. J. &.) globular, yellow, — 
y 
Og 
ument. It often occurs on the stems of elder _ 


growing from under the cutiele of leaves and 
stems which have a thickish soft cellular integ- 


and swamp-willowherb. | 
segetum (smut. O.) black, powdery, in the spike- 


lets of grasses. Is not this rather a morbid. — 


swelling, and final disintegration of parts? 
Urtica, 92-, 


dioica (common nettle. O. J. %.) leaves sop 
cordate, lance-ovate,. coarsely serrate, flowers - 
dioecious : spikes panicled, glomerate, in pairs, . 
longer than the petioles. | 

procera (O. Ju. %;,) leaves. epposite, cordate, . 

_ lance-ovate, serrate ; petioles ciliate : flowers 
dioecious : spikes somewhat branched, glom- 
erate in pairs, equalling the petiole. Not so 
common as the last ; which if examined before 
full maturity, may be mistaken for this. 

gracilis (N. Can. Au. 2.) leaves opposite, lance- 


ovate, nakedish ; leaves and petioles hispid: 


racemes in pairss. Pursh says this and the 


last species are the same. Perhaps they are 3. 
butif'so, the gracilis at Northampton, isa very. 


slender and delicate variety... 


divaricata (QO. Jue 2.) leaves alternate, broad-. 


ovate, acuminate, serrate, smeothish ; petioles - 
long, ciliate ; panicles axillary, solitary, spread- 


subpalmate, very branching, longer than the- 


petiole (in maturity) stem furnished with stings. | 
pumila (stingless nettle. O. Ju. @.) leaves oppo- 
site, ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, serrate ; low- 
er petioles as long as the leaves:: flowers mo-- 
noecious, triandrous; in. corymbed  headss. 
shorter than the petioles. Stem smooth. and « 


URTICA. 477 


- shining ; when in deep shades the stem is pel- 
jucid. Adesia tvinerva. Raf. 

wrens (dwarf stinger. N, A. P. H. J. @.) leaves 
opposite, oval, about 5-nerved, sharply serrate : 

spikes glomerate, in pairs. 

capitata (C. P. Can. J. %.) leaves alternate, 

eart-ovate, acuminate, serrate, S-nerved, 
twice as long as the petiole : glomerules spik- 
_ ed; the spikes are- solitary, shorter than the 
leaves, leafy above : stem naked, 
‘canadensis: (canada nettle. O. Ju. 2/.) leaves al- 
- ternate, heart-ovate, acuminate, serrate, hispid 
both sides : panicles axillary, mostly in pairs, 
spread-branched ; the. lower staminate ones 
longer than the petioles, upper pistillate ones 

elongated : stem coyered. with stings. 5 ta 6 

feet high. 
whitlowr (aibany hemp. A. Au. Y.) stem simple, 

terete, and sub-glabrous at the hase ; towards 
the top it is 5 to 8-grooved, and covered with 
reversed stings : leaves serrate, punctate (with 
_. deep green specks or spots) acuminate, long- 
petioled,. alternate ;.lower ones broad-oval, 
with the base. wedge form ; uppermost ones 
nearly opposite, heart-ovate : * panicles pe- 
duncled ; staminate ones axillary dichotomous, 
longer than the petioles ; pistillate ones termi- 
_-nal : capsules orbicular-compressed, mucro- 
nate” : root tuberous-fusiform, often with tu- 
bereus branches nearly at right angles. Stem 

5 or 6 feet high. 

Dr. Muhlenberg examined this plant and named 
_it in honor of its discoverer, Mr, Charles Whit- 
low ; whose opinion, that.it may be advantageous- 
ly cultivated as a substitute for hemp, seems to 
be confirmed by the observations of McKinzie. 
Dr, Withering also observed, long ago, that he 
had no doubt some species of the netile might be 
used as a substitute for flax. 


473 .  URTICA; USNEA: © 


Several botanists consider ey whitlowi as a 
variety of the canadensis. — herefo 
been particular to give a full d sétiptials which T 
took from several living specimens on an island 
near Albany, and compared it with those cultivat- 


! 


; 


| 
. 


ed in Mr. G. Webster’s garden. ‘That part of the - 
description relating to the fructification, £ trans- — 


lated from Dr. Muhlenberg’s description: 


Whether it is a distinct species or only a vari- _ 


ety, will not affect the question of its usefulness. 
And it is to be hoped, that agr iculturalists will 
reir more extensive exper iments. 


io oe © 


UsnNEA, 116, : 


angulata (fat-stem tree-moss. G.) stem and 
flattish, naked ; whole frond greenish-blue : 
orbs of the colour of the froud. Very stromrg 
and wo ody. I do not know that this is Muh- 
jenberg’s angulata, But as I can find no des- 
cription ot this common Usnea, found every 
where on trees, [have described it under this 
name. Perhaps it may be a pistillate lichen, 
ofa deserrbed species, 

florida (spreading-tree moss. O.) erect, cylindric, 
rough, greenish-grey ; with horizontai fibres ; 
branches scattered, somewhat fast tigiate, | near- 
ly simple: orbs ter minal, large, greenish- 
white, radiated with fibres: lateral warts or 
knobs, patish ycliow. 

plicata (long tree-moss. ¥. Catskill Mt. P, Ware 
( Mass.) and on nrost high mountains, on ak 
green trees.) -palish, “glamentoas, “Han 
down 6 to 20 cided lone, eyHiitiniee branc eth 
entangled: orbs greenish-white, edged with 
radiating fibres : lateral knobs yellowish. ~~ 


hirtus nye -) greenish-grey : branches” me 


crowded, fibrelious, rough-mealy : : orbs min 
white, radiate : knobs pale reddish-yellow: ~~ 
strigosus (P.) branches scattered, short, rigid, 


USNEA, UTRICULARIA. 479 


every where much crowded : orbs very broad, 
_ pale flesh-colour, slightly lobed, tooth-rayed. 
trichodeus (P.) very tender, filamentous, cylin- 
dric, diffuse, pale-white : filaments capillary, 
_ branched, fibres mostly inclining one-way: 
_ orbs pale-white, with a thin, inflated, naked, 
entu’e margin, 


UTRIcuLaARIA, 26. 


wulgaris (bladder-wort. O. y. J. 2/.) spur-necta- 
ry conic, upper lip of the length of the palate, 
reficxed to the sides : scape strait, few-flower- 
ed. Scape generally proceeding from the junc- 
tion of several horizontal branches. which lie 
in the mud or float. on the surface of water. 
The leaves are capillary, generally bearing 
small bladders. 

cornuta (leafless bladder-wort. P. Can. Plainfield, 
Mass. y. Ju. %.) spur-nectary  subulate, 
lengthened out longer than the corol, nearly 
vertical, acute: lower lip of the corol broad, 
3-lobed : scape with 2 nearly sessile flowers at 
the top: no leaves at the base. In the marsh 
on Crooked lake, Plainfield (Mass) it grows so 
plentifully as to give the lake the appearance 
of being bordered with yellow. I saw thou- 
sands there still in flower in September. 

sacchata (C. P. p. Au. ©.) scape 1 to 3-flowered : 

- lower lip of the corel S-lobed, lateral lobes 

_ cowled on the under side ; palate large and pro- 
minent : spur-nectary compressed, keeled, sub- 
acuminate, close-pressed to the corel, which is 
upside down and covers the spur with its reflex- 
ed margins : upper lip almost round. This 
species was discovered by Mr. Le Conte. 
But Nuttall says, it is the purpurea of Walter. 

gibba (New Jersey. y. Ju.) spur-nectary gibbous : 
divisions of the coro] rounded : scape general- 
ly 1-flowered. Very small. 


480 UTRICULARIA, UVULARIA. 


subulata (Can. P. New Jersey. y. Ju. &.) 5] 
néctary obtuse, shorter than the under hi 
scape about 2-flowered. Flowerssmall. — 

setacea (C. New Jersey. P. y."3.) leaffess ; scape 
minute, terete, slenderly setaceous, 2 or 5-flow- 
ered, rooting; flowers on eae t - 
spur-nectary longish. it appears that Mr. Le 
Conte sometimes found 6 or 7 fiowers on a 
scape; and Mr. Elliott says the lower lip of 
the calyx is subemarginate. Pursh says this is 

- the subulata.; but Nuttall says it cannot possi- 
bly be that. 

minor (New Jersey. y. Au. 2.) spur-nectary gib- 
bous, keeled : throat of the corol open. Flow- 
ers small. | 

ceratophylla (C. y. Ju.) leaves at the base of the 
scape cylindric, capillary, divided, branched at 
the extremities : scape producing 6 to 10-flow- 
ered racemes : lower lip of the cerol with 3 re- 
tuse lobes : spur compressed. ‘The largest of 
the species. | were, 


UvvuLARIA, 51. 
1. Capsules 3-cornered ; stigmas reflexed. 


perfoliata (bellwort. O. ys M. %.) leaves perfoli- 
ate, oval, obtuse (lance linear or oval-oblong, 
in the young ‘state) corol bell-liliaceous, scab- 
rous or granular within: anthers cuspidate. 
pad ki te (O. y. M. ¥.) leaves sessile, lance- 
oval, becoming glaucous beneath : petals flat, 
smooth within: capsule stiped (raised above 
the receptacle on a little stem) : stem giabrous. 
lanceolata (P. Can. y. J. 2.) leaves perfoliate, 
oblong, acute ; petals smooth within : anthers 
-obtusish : nectaries roundish. Flowers large. 
U. grandiflora, IR pi - 
flava (New-Jersey. y. M. %.) leaves perfoliate, 
oval-oblong, obtuse, undulate at the base : co- 


UVULARIA, VACCINIUM. 481 


rol tapering to the base, scabrous within: an- 
thers copy ate. Is not this description drawn 
from the U. perfoliata, which was gathered in 
the earliest state of poverng Excepting the 
tapering. base of the corol, Iam sure we can 

_ always find all parts of this description in the 
U. perfoliata, for several days after the flow- 
ers begin te expand; and I can hardly find it 
excluded by basi attenuata. 


2. Capsules subglobese; stigmas wery short. 


anpleaifolia (Can. P. g-w. M, 2f.) leaves clasp- 
ing : pedicels solitary, twisted-geniculate in 
the middle. Streptopus distortus. 

rosea (W. Can. P. p. M. 2.) leaves clasping, 

~ serrulate-ciliate : anthers short, 2-horned. Ve- 
vy abundant in a deep ravine west of Williams 
College. It is from 12 to 18 inches high, with 

_ purple flowers speckled with deeper purple. 

lanuginosa (P. y-g. J. 2.) whitish-woolly : leaves 
sessile, subcordate at the base, acuminate ; pe- 
dicels in pairs, meeting upon a short general 
pedicel. Flowers large, berries red. 


Yy. 
VACCINIUM, 57. 


Remark. President Smith remarks upon the 
removing of this genus to the 10th class in a 
- ways Which strongly implies his dvappeneayen. 
He says Pursh removed it; not recollecting at 
the moment that Persoon removed it about ten 
years before Pursh wrote. ‘There are about 25 
species in North America, not one of them oc- 
tandrous ; and barely three octandrous species in 
Europe. Ought we therefore to make our 25 spe- 
cies into anomalies, on account of the European 


species? I presume re Smith would not object to 
4 


482 VACCINIUM, 


taking offthe Oxycoccus genus, should he become 

acquainted with all our species of the old genus 

Vaccinium, growing in their native wilds. See 

Rees’ Cyclopedia. m: 

stamineum ig ot whortleberry. O. w. M. kh.) 
leaves oval, acute, entire, glaucous beneath : 
pedicels solitary, axillary, filiform : corol 
spreading be}l-form ;-divisions oblong, acute : 
anthers exsert, awned on the back: berry 
pear-form. About 2 or 3 feet high. Var. al- 
gum, has the nerves and veins of the leaves 
hairy and the berry globose. Pursh makes 
this variety a distinct species ; but Smith says 
“it can hardly be called a variety. Berries of 
this species are large and light green, when 
ni 3 very soft and juicy within, with a tough 
skin. 

dumosum (bush whortleberry. C. P. w. J. .) 

’ dranchlets, leaves and racemes a little hispid, 
bedewed with resinous specks ;_ the leaves ob= 
jong-obovate, acute at the base, mucronate, en- 
tire, both sides coloured alike : racemes bracted, 

- pedicels short, axillary, subsolitary, 2-bracted 
near the middle : corol beli-form,~divisiens 
roundish, including the anthers. 

_frondosum (blue whortleberry, P. A. W. w, 
M. h.) leaves oblong-obovate, obtusish, en- 
tire, glabrous,-glaucous beneath, bedewed with 
many resinous dots: racemes lax, bracted ; ped- 
icels long, filiferm, bracted ; the bracts linear: 
corol ovate-bellform, with acute divisions, and 
enclosing the anthers. “Var. lanceolatwm, hay- 
ing lanceolate leaves acute at both ends. About 
8 feet high, berries large and blue. 

resinosim (black whortleberry. ‘O.*p. M. °h.) 
leaves slender, petioled, oblong-oval, mostly ob- 
tuse, entire, bedewed with resinous specks’ be- 
neath: racemes lateral, one-sided ; ‘pedicels 
short, somewhat bracted : corol ovate-conic, 5- 
cornered. 1 to 4 fect high; berries “black. 
Much taller in woods than in open fields. 


VACCINUIM. 48’ 


mbosum (giant whortleberry. O. w. M. bh.) 
pee bres re branchlets almost leafless : 
leaves oblong-oval, acute at both ends, mucron- 
ate, subentire ; subtomentose beneath and hai- 
ry both sides when young, but glabrous above 
and a little hairy at the veins beneath when 
mature ; racemes short, sessile, with. scaly 
bracts: corols cylindric-ovate : calyx erect : 
style somewhat: exsert In wet ground, it 
rows very large ; near Albany it grows 12 
eet high and 2 or 3 inches in diameter. Ber- 
nies black. Var. amoenum, has the style not 
exsert, and the racemes are crowded, corol 
cylindric and the calyx reflexed. The twigs 
are reddish, flowers large with a reddish tinge. 
Var. virgatum,. has the leayes a little serrulate, 
glabrous, racemes. corymbed, corol cylindric 
with the throat closely pressed together, divis- 
ions: very short, calyx refiexec and style ‘not 
exsert. Flowersreddish. Var. fuscatum, has 
the leaves a little serrulate, glabrous, corymbed 
racemes terminal, pedicels long and nodding, 
corol cylindric with short erect divisions, style 
hardly exsert. Flowers striped with red, calyx 
brown. Pursh and others make these varieties 
distinct species. But 1 have followed. Dr. 
Smith, who, after critically examining Pursh, 
Michaux and others, and comparing the spe- 
cimens, has judged them to be but varieties. 
igustrinwum, (prim whortleberry. P. p. M. h.) . 
branches angled : leaves subsessile, erect. 
lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate, veiny, hairy : 
fascicles melee in sessile tufts : corol ob- 
long-ovate. Veins of the leaves often purplish, 
_ berries black. ~~ 

tenellum (dwarf whortleberry. P. Whitehills. r- 
w. M, kh). branches angled, green : leaves 
sessile, lance-ovate, mucronate, serrulate, shin- 
ing both sides ; flowers in crowded, mostly 

sessile fascicles : corols ovate. 
gaultherioides (wintergreen whortleberry, White-- 


484  WACCINIUM, VARIOLARIA. 


hills. Ju. h.) prostrate : leaves obovate, en- 
tire : flowers subsolitary : berries oblong, 
crowned with the style. Very small. A new 
species discovered by Bigelow and Boot. 
vitis-idaea (bilberry. Can. New-England. w-r- 
M. bh.) low; stem creeping, branchlets erect : 
leaves obovate, emarginate, revolute, subserru- 
late, shining above, punctate beneath: racémes 
terminal, nodding : corol bell-cylindric. Some-~ 
times tetandrous. 


Vaccinium, see Oxycoccus.. 
VALERIANA, 27.. 


phu (valerian. E. %.) cauline leaves pinnatesrad- 
ical ones undivided ; stem smooth, 


Valeriana, see Fedia, 
VALRISNERIA,. 97. 


spiralis (tape grass. Y. Fishkill (New-York) P. 
Au. ¥.) leaves floating, linear, obtuse, serru- 
jJate at the summit, tapering to the base : pe- 
duncle of the pistillate flower long and spiral.; 
of the staminate, short and erect. Var. amer- 
icana,. When in shallow water has the pistil- 
jate peduncle erect. But as this variety has a 
spiral peduncle in deep water, perhaps it is not. 
even.a variety. 


VARIOLARIA, 112, 


jaginea (bitter small-pox lichen. O.) crust cartil- 
aginous, rugged, polished, greyish, bordered: 
with brown: receptacles prominent, hemis- 
pheric, mealy, very white ; witha pale flat- 
tish, and at length naked disk. Very bitter » 
little after chewing it. , 


VARIOLARIA, VERBASCUM. 485 


discoidea (flat-cup lichen. P.) crust cartilaginous, 
cracked, somewhat rugged, polished, grevish,- 
bordered with brown ; at length powdery. 
Receptacles flattish, mealy, very white, af 
length concave, depressed, with a dilated torn 
border. Very white on old trees in wet weath- 
er. Noproper receptacle has been found of a 
different colour from-the frond, Thisis one.of 
the genera, which Sprengel considers as only 
the rudiments of other genera, im an immature - 
state... 


VARATRUM, 52... 


ctride (itch-weed, -indian poke, white hellebore. 
O. g. J. %.} flowers in terminal racemed-pani- 
cles ; bracts of the branches lance-oblong, the 
bract of the flowers longer than the subpubes- 
cent peduncles : leaves broad-ovate, plaited, 
many-nerved. . Useful: in» rheumatisms and 
many cutaneous eruptions. Doct. Cutler says. 
erows may be destroyed by boiling indian corn 
in a decoction-of this plant, and strewing it in 
corn fields. 

infeum (blazing’star. P. Connecticut. y-w. M.¥.) 
flowers in a simpleraceme: leaves sessile, nar- 
row-lanceolate : root bulbous. Ihave seen a 
dried specimen of this species from some part 
of Connecticut ; but I do net at this moment 
recollect from. what town. my 


VERBASCUM, 89. 


a ie 


Qq 2 


486 VERBASCUM, VERBESINA, 


blattaria (sleek-mullein. A. N..C. P. w-y. J. %.) 

 Jeaves glabrous, tooth-serrate ;. lower ones ob- 
long-obovate, upper ones heart-ovate, clasping : 
pedicels solitary, 1-fiowered. ‘This description 
differs widely from that giveff by Pursh. But 
it agrees with scores which I have examined 
about Albany and Troy. | 

lychnitis (P- r. w. J. %.) leaves ovate, acute, cre- 
nate, white-downy beneath: spikes lax, later- 
al and terminal. 


VERBENA, 68; 


hastata (vervain, simpler’s joy. O. p. w. Ju. 2.) 
erect, tall: leaves lanceolate, acuminate, gash- 
serrate, lower ones sometimes gash-hastate : 
spikes linear, panicled, subimbricate. Var. pin- 
natifida, has the leaves gash-pinnatifid,.coarse- 
ly toothed. 

urticifolia (nettle-leaf vervain. U. w. Ju. MU.) 
erect, subpubescent : leaves ovate, acute, ser- 
rate, petioled : spikes filiform, with flowers a 
little separate, axillary and terminal. Both of 
these species grow from 3 to 5 feet high. Gen- 
erally about garden fences and old fields.. 

angustifolia (pigmy vervain. Y. C. P.b J. 2.) 
low, erect : leaves [ance-linear, tapering to the 
base, thinly. serrate, with channelled veins : 
spikes filiform, solitary, terminal or axillary. 
About a foot high, in the dry fields about New 
Haven. 

spuria (C. ¥. P. b. Ju. %. &.) stem decumbent, 
with spreading branches : leaves in many-cleft 
divisions : spikes filiform: bracts exceeding 
the calyx. Very abundant 7 or 8 miles about 
New Haven. 


VERBESINA, 87. 


sigesbeckia (crown-beard. P. y. Ju. 2.) stem 


VERBESINA, VERONICA, 487 


, winged : leaves opposite, lance ovate, acumi- 
nate at both ends, sharply serrate : panicle 
brachiate : flowers in fascicles on the ends of the 
branches. 

virginica (P. w. Ju. %.) stem narrow-winged : 
leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate, subserrate : 
corymb compound : calyx oblong, pubescent. 
Ray florets 3 or 4. 


VERNONIA, 83. 


noveboracensis (flat-top. O. p. Au. Y.) tall : 
leaves thick-set, lanceolate, serrate, rough : 
corymb fastigiate : scales of the calyx filiform 
at the apex. 4or5 feet high. 

praealta (C. New England. PB. r. Au. y.) stem 
tall, angled, thickly pubescent : leaves. -thick- 
set, lanceolate, acutely serrate, pubescent be- 
neath : corymb fastigiate : scales of the calyx 
ovate, acute, awnless. 


VERONICA, 26. 


officinalis (speedwell. A. Y. C. P. b. M. 2/.) 
spikes lateral, peduncled : leaves opposite, ob- 
ovate, hairy : stem procumbent, rough haired. 

serpyllifolia (Paul’s botany, smooth speedwell. O, 
b. M. %.) racemes terminal, subspiked : 
leaves ovate, glabrous, crenate. Stem. 4 to.6 

_ inches long. 

Seccabunga (brookline. W.N. A. P. b. J. 2.) ra- 
cemes lateral : leaves ovate, flat : stem creep- 
ing. Stem 8 to 15 inches long. Flowers 

arge. 

anagallis (brook pimpernel. C. A..Can. P. b. J. 
2%.) racemes lateral: leaves lanceolate, ser- 
rate : stem erect. 

scutellata (scull-cap speedwell. Y. A. W. N. b. J. 
4.) racemes lateral, alternate ; pedicels pex- 
dant ; leaves lance-linear. 


4 
488  WERONICA, VEXELLARIA. ' 
arvensis (wall speedwell. W. C. P. w-b. M. ©.} ‘ 
flowers solitary, nearly sessile : leaves ovate, © 
serrate ; floral ones lanceolate, entire : stem. ‘ 
erect, seeds flat. 4 to 6 inches high. it 
perigrina (purslane-speedwell. W. C. P. A.w. M. — 
€}.) flowers sessile,. leaves glabrous, lance-li- — 
near, toothed and entire, obtuse, lower ones op< — 
posite : stem-erect. 
agrestis (field speedweli. C. P. b. M. ©.) flow- — 
ers solitary : leaves. ovate,.serrate, shorter 
than the petioles : stem procumbent : segments — 
of the calyx ovate: ‘The stem:is terete, hairye. — 

5 to 10 inches tong. 
Aederifolia (ivy speedwell. ©. w-b. Ms §.) flow-- 
ers solitary : leayes cordate, flat, 5-lobed :. — 
segments of the calyx cordate, acute: seedss 
wrinkled. 


ow er ee ee - 


te. tie tt 


Veronica, see Callistachia. - 


VERRUCARIA, 115. - 


ez A 
aww eT CU hen eee. 


schraderi (mite lichen. P.). crust tartarous, hard,~ 
whitish, smooth:: receptacles -minute, crowd-- — 
ed, nearly globular, navelled, sunk,: semitrans--— 
parent within. Often on limestone, or other 
wrought stones in- burying grounds, &c. scarce- 
ly visible. _ a 

stigmatella (P.) very tiiin, membranous, smooth, 
rather polished, greyish=: tubercles minute, 
convex, warty, black. 

aitida (P.) effuse, cartilaginous membrane, 
smooth, pale green: tubercles crowded, hem- 
ispheric, becoming: bluish-black at the tops. 
shining, warty, at length navelled.- 


VEXILLARIA, 80. 


virginiana (butterfly-weed. P. b. Ju. 2.) leaves» 
ternate, ovate: calyx 5-parted,- longer than- 


VEXILLARIA, VIBURNUM. 489 


the bracts ; its divisions subulate, incurved, di- 
verging: legumes subensiform. 

mariana °P. w-b. Ju. 4.) leaves ternate : calyx 
much larger than the lance-linear bracts, ob- 
long-tubular, 5-cleft: legume torulose on the 
convex sides: seeds glutinous, 


VIBURNUM, 47. 


spulus- (guelder-rose, snow-ball. E. w. J. kh.) 
leaves S-lobed, sharp-toothed ; petioles gland- 
ular, smooth : flowers in compact cymes, sur- 
rounded with radiating florets.. Var. roseum, 
a the whole cyme made up of radiating flor- 


tinus (laurestine. E. r-w.  .) leaves ovate, entire, 
with tufts of hair in the axils of the veins be- 
neath : flowers in smooth.cymes. 

oaycoccus (high cranberry. A. W. Y. P: r-w. J. 
h.) leaves 3-lobed, acute at the base, axils of 
the veins hairy beneath, 3-nerved ;. lobes long- 
acuminate, with a few-scattering teeth; peti- 
oles glandular, grooved above: cymes rayed. 
5 to § feet high. Fruit resembles the low 
cranberry, red and very acid. Grows. plenti- 
fully in various parts of Columbia county, New- 

York. ¥. opuloides, Muhl. 

lentago (sheep-berry. O. w. J. bh.) glabrotis : 

_ Jeaves broad-ovate, acuminate, hook-serrate : 
petioles margined, undulate : cymes sessile.— 
8 to 15 feet high. ‘The branches when full 
zvown often form a fastigiate top. Berries 
black, oval and sweetish, pleasant-tasted ; 

- somewhat mucilaginous. 

‘tantanoides (hobble-bush, tangle-legs. O. w. M. 
®.) leaves broad, round-cordate, abrujitly 
acuminate, unequally serrate ; petioles and 

- nerves furnished with powdery rusty down : 
cymes sessile: fruit ovate. Stem very flexi- 


490. VIBURNUM. 


ble and crooked, about 5 or7 feet-long ;. some- 
times much longer. 7 

acerifolium (maple guelder-rose, deckmackie. O. 
w..J. i.) leaves heart-ovate$ er 3-lobed, acu- 
minate, sharp-serrate,. pubescent beneath : 
cymes long-peduncled. Stem very flexible, 
leaves broad and submembranous. "The oldest 
Dutch settiers in Columbia county, New-Yorkg. 
inform us, that the Indians in that vicinity 
considered the external application of the 
leaves of the dockmackie as a sovereign 
remedy in every kind of inflammatory tumour ; 
and that they have ever since adopted: this 
practice with success. 

dentatum (arrow-wood. A. N. C. w. M. hk.) 
smoothish : leaves roundish’ and-ovate, acute; 
tooth-serrate, furrow-plaited, glabrous both 
sides ; cyme peduncled : fruit subglobular. 
Berries blue. About 4 to 6 feet high. 

pyrifolium (W. N. P. w. Ju. bh.) glabrous : 
leaves ovate, acutish, subserrate ; petioles 
smooth : fruit oblong-ovate : cymes subpedun- 
cled. Berries. dark-coloured. 

prunifolium(N. P.w. J. %.) glabrous: branches 
spreading : leaves. roundish, crenate-serrate ; 
petioles smooth : cymes sessile : fruit round. | 

awvdum (C.P. Can. w. M. hk.) very glabrous : 
leaves oval, subentire, margin revolute ; peti- 
oles smooth: cymes peduncled and without 
bracts. Berries.black. 

pubescens (C. w. J. hk.) pubescent: leaves round- 
oval, acuminate, tooth-serrate, furrow-plaited,. 
downy-villose. beneath : cymes. peduncled ; 
fruit oblong. Small bush. | . 

edule (Can. P. w. Ju. h.) leaves 3-lobed, obtus- 
ish atthe base, 3-nerved ; lobes very short, 
tooth-serrate, with acuminate serratures ; pe- 
tioles. glandular ; cymes radiate. Small and 
upright. “* 


VICIA. 494 


Viera, 79. 


faba (garden bean, windsor bean. E. w. ‘& black. 
J. ©.) stem many-flowered, erect, strong : 
legumes ascending, tumid, coriaceous : leafets 
oval, acute, entire; stipules sagittate, toothed 
at the base. From Persia. ‘his is very dif- 
ferent from the beans most commonly cultivat- 
ed in our gardens, under the names pole-bean 
and bush-bean. ‘They belong to the-genus Pha- 
seolus. & 

pusilla (creeping vetch. Y. C. b-w. J.) peduncles 
solitary, i-flowered, capillary : stipules semisa- 
gittate (that is arrow-form on one side) entire : 
leafets somewhat in sixes, lance-linear, obtus- 
ish : legumes small, oblong, glabrous. 

mutchiila (mitchill’s vetch. C. b. ps Ju.) peduncles 
many-fiowered : leafets in abeut 7 pairs, re- 
“tuse-mucronate : legume 2-seeded. Raf. See 
Pisum maritimum. 

americana (C. P. p. M. 2%.) peduncles somewhat 
many-flowered, shorter than the leaves: sti- 

ules semi-sagittate, toothed : leafets 8 to 12, 
tance-eval, obtuse, glabrous. 

_ gattea (tare. C. W. A. P. b-p. Ju. &.) flowers in 
' pairs, subsessile: stipules -toothed, marked 
with dots : leafets oblong-ovate, retuse, mucro- 
nate : legumes erect, linear-terete, glabrous. 
Perhaps it may have been introduced ; but it 
is now very common in all parts of Berkshire 
county, Mass. ; 

cracca (Can. P. b. S. 2/.) spikes many flowered, 
imbricate backwards, larger than the leaves : 
stipules semi-sagittate, linear-subulate, entire : 
jeafets numerous, lance-oblong, pubescent. 

ceroliniana (P. w. M. &.) peduncles many-flow- 
ered ; flowers distant : stipules lance-ovate, 
entire : leafets 8 to 10, lance-oval, smoothish : 
stem glabrous. The banner of the flower is 
tipped with black. 


A92 YILLARSIA, VIOLA. 


VIZEARSTA, 38. 


lacunosa (spur-stem, floating heart. Plainfield, 
Mass. C. P. w. Ju. Y.) leaves heart-reniform 
(or shortish heart-form) sub-peltate, lacunose 
beneath, floating : petioles bearing the flowers : 
corol -glabrous. Menyanthes trachysperma. 
Grows in great abundance in Crooked lake in 
Plainfield. The peduncles proceed from the — 
side ef the petioles, under water.a little below 
the leaf, and ascend raising the flowers through 
the sinus at the base of the leaf. Opposite to 
the origin of the petioles, proceed several spurs 
about an inch long. J visited the lake in Sep- 
tember (1817) and the flowers were still in 
perfect bloom ; as well as of the Hydropel- 
iis purpurea and Utricularia cornuta, ail of 
which flower in July. This lake is about 
three thousand feet higher than the tide waters 
at Albany. 


Vines, 40. 


minor (periwinkle. P? E? b. Ap. ®.) stem pro- 
cumbent : leaves Jance-oval, smooth at the 
edges : flowers petioled: teeth of the calyx 
lanceolate. 


Viota, 42. 


1. Stemless ; leaves all radical and the fiowers on 
scapes. 


odorata (sweet violet. E. b. M. 2.) seyons creep- 
ing : leaves cordate, crenate, smoothish : 
calyx obtuse : two lateral petals with a beard- 
ed or hairy line. Cultivated in gardens. 

pedata (birdfoot violet. Y. H.C. P. A..b. M. 2.) 
leaves many-parted-pedate ; divisions lance- 


Sy VIOLA. 495 


: 3 
‘linear, subentire : divisions of the calyx linear, 
acute. 
palmata (hand violet. Y. C. P. A.b. M. Y.) pu- 
bescent : leaves cordate, hastate-lobed, or pal- 
mate ; divisions teothed : divisions of the calyx 
lanceolate, glabrous : 2 opposite petals bearded 
at the base. Var. asarifolia, leaves sub-reni- 
- form. Muhl. makes this a distinct species ; 
but Nuttall calls it a variety. ‘A 
sagittata (arrow violet. H. P. C.b. Ap. 2.) 
pubescent : leaves oblong, acute, heart-sagit- 
tate, subserrate, gashed at the base: scapes 
fonger than the leaves : divisions of the calyx 
- Yinear, glabrous : three lower petals bearded 
' at the base. Lower petal white towards the 
bottem with purple veins ; the rest longer, nar- 
rower, and whiter towards the base. 
dentata (toothed violet. P. b. M. 2.) glabrous : 
leaves oblong, acute, truncate at the base, ser- 
rate, coarsely toothed or hastate below: scapes 
shorter than the leaves: divisions of the calyx 
linear: three lower petals bearded at the base. 
lanceolata (spear violet. Y. C. P. H. w. Ap. ¥.) 
glabrous : leayes lanceolate, subserrate : scape 
scarcely longer than the leaves : petals beard- 
less ; 2 upper ones roundish and painted with 
‘ purple veins. Small. Grows in wet places, 
as on the margin of Beaver pond, New-Haven. 
‘blanda (smooth violet. H. W. K. C.Y.N. P. y-w. 
M. 2%.) glabrous : leaves cordate, acutish, flat- 
tish, remotely serrate : scapes of the length of 
the leaves : petals beardless, the 2 laterai ones 
shorter, the lower one lan:eolate and longer 
than the rest. Lower petal marked with blue 
stripes. ; 
obliqua ne violet. A. W. P. w-p. M. 
u%.) glabrous : leaves cordate, acute, crenate- 
serrate, flattish: flowers erect ; scapes of the 
length of the leaves : petals twisted a little in- 
to an oblique <Nepeg lateral ones narrower 


494 VIOLA. 


and longer, bearded below the middle. FidW- 
ers with purple and yellowveins. — . 
primulifolia (primrose-leaf violet. C. Y. A. P. H. 
N. w-b. Ap. 2.) pubescent : leaves ovate, sub- 
cordate, crenate ; petioles margined : calyx 
ciliate, long : petals all obovate, 2 lateral ones 
bearded. = op 
cucullata (common blue violet. 0. b. M. %.) gla- 
brous : leaves cordate, glabrous, serrate, cowl- 
ed (or rolled in at the base) scapes of the 
length of the petioles: petals bent obliquely, 
eae ones bearded. Petals all whitish at the 
ase. 
sororia (bearded violet. W. P. b. M. 4%.) leaves 
cordate, crenate-serrate, obtuse, pubescent : 
scapes shorter than the leaves : petals oblong, 
the lower one bearded at the base, and veined. 
i ae 19 (butterfly violet. A. P. b. M. 2.) 
eaves heart-triangular, acute, crenate, some- 
what cowled, smoothish : scapes of the length 
of the leaves: petals obovate ; 3 lower ones 
bearded below the middle, converging ; 2 up- 
per ones refiexed. ‘Beard yellow. Nuttall 
considers this as a variety of the V. cucullata. 
rotundifolia (ground violet. W.C. P. y. Ap. 2%.) 
smoothish : leaves round-cordate (when ma- 
ture) obtusisb, crenate-serrate—the sinus at 
the base closed and serratures glandular : [sci- 
ons flower-bearing, Pursh] petals linear, scarce- 
dy longer than the calyx. The leaves lie very 
close to the ground. Y. clandestina, Pursh. 


2. Having a stem ; more or less of the leaves cau- 
ine. 


tricolor (garden violet, heart’s ease, pansy. E. 
p- y. b-p. M. 2f.) stem angular, diffuse, divid. 
ed: leaves oblong, deeply crenate : stipules ly- 
rate-pinnatifid. : 

canadensis (woods violet. O. b. & w. J. 21.) smooth- 


VIOLA. 495 


ish : leaves subcordate, acuminate, serrate : 
peduncles of the length of the Jeaves : stipules 
short, entire. Sometimes 6 or 8 inches high, 
in damp woods. 

striata (striped violet. W. P. Catskill Mt. w-p. M. 
%.) glabrous : leaves cordate, acuminate, ser- 

rate, flattish : peduncles very long: stipules 

lanceolate, serrate-ciliate. 

debilis (weak-stem violet. A. P. b. M. %.) glab- 
rous : leaves heart-reniform, short-acuminate, 
crenate, cowled at the base : peduncles twice 
as long as the leaves: stipules serrate-ciliate. 
Flowers small, 

rostrata (beaked violet. W. A. P. b. M. %.) glab- 
rous : leaves cordate, acute, serrate : pedun- 
cles twice as long as the leaves : stipules lance- 
olate, serrate-ciliate : spur longer than the co- 
rol, extending into a beak. | 

pubescens (yellow woods-violet. O. y. M. 2.) vil- 
lose-pubescent : stem erect, leafy towards and 
at the top: leaves. broad-cordate ; stipules ob- 
long, serrate at the apex. Varies much in its 
height. Usually 6 or 8 inches high; but I 
have seen it 20 inches high, Dr. Solon Smith 
showed me a specimen about 4 feet high, which 
he found in New-Hampshire. 

hastata (halbert violet. P. y. M. %.) glabrous : 
stem simple, leafy above ; leaves hastate, short 
petioled : stipules minute, denticulate. 

concolor (green violet. P. w-g. J. 21.) strait, erect: 
leaves broad-lanceolate, entire: stipules lance- 
linear, entire: peduncles axillary, in pairs, 
short. About 20 inches high, flowers small. 

bicolor {two coloured violet. P. C. w. p. M. €.) 
subpubescent : stem angled, simple: lower 
leaves round spatulate ; subdentate ; upper 
ones lanceolate, entire ; stipules comb-tooth 
7 jpeg calyx acute, about halfas long as the. 
corol, 


496 VIOLA, VITIS. 


tenella (slender violet. New-Jersey.. w.) lower 
leaves. opposite, roundish, minute ; upper ones 
sub-alternate, oblong, obtuse ;,all glabrous en- 
tire : peduncles longer than the leaves. Flow- 
ers small, solitary, with capillary peduncles. 
arvensis (field violet. P. w. Ap. ©.) stem angled, 
grooved ; leaves lance-ovate, serrate ; sti- 
ules gashed at the base: calyx hairy a little 
onger than thecorol. Petals white, the lower 
one spotted with yellow. Smith sets this down 
under V. tricolor as one of its varieties. 
Remark. Nuttall says, that all the North 
American species of violet (excepting V. conco- 
jor) after their blooming season is over, still con- 
tinue to produce flowers without petals, through 
the rest of the summer... 


- ¥istum, 99. ° 


album (misseltoce,. P. g-w. J. h.) leaves laneeo- 
late, obtuse : stem dichotomous : flowers 5 to- 
gether, in terminal sessile heads. On the branch- 
es of old trees. Leaves an inch long, thick and 
leathery. This, Smith says, is the golden 
poust of Virgil, and the sacred plant of the 
Druids. y CORR 


Yiris, 41. 


vinifera (wine grape. E. J. 2.) leaves sinuate-lob- 
ed, naked or downy. 

Remark. All the North American species of 
grape are polygamous or dioecious. 
fabrusca (plum grape. A. Y. C. H. P. weg. J. hk.) 

leaves broad-cordate, lobe angled, white-downy 

beneath : fertile racemes small: berries. (blue, 
flesh-colour and green) large. Var. labruscoi- 
des (fox grape) has smaller fruit, approaching 

a tart taste. rs a bo 
aestivalis (summer grape. C. P, w-g. J. bh.) leaves 


VITIS, WOODWARDIA. 497 


broad-cordate, 3 to 5-lobed ; in the y ung state 

rust downy beneath; fertile raceme: ob ong : 

berry small. yy 

cordifalka (frost grape. O. w-g. J. h.) léaves 
cordate, acuminate, gash-toothed, glabrous 
both sides: racemes lax, many-flowered : ber- 
ries small. Var. vulpina, leayes very varia- 
ble ; but the uppermost mature leaves will 
agree with the description. 

riparia (odoriferous grape. C. P. w-g. M. b.) 
-leaves unequally gash-toothed, shortly 3-cleft, 
pubescent on the petioles, nerves and margins. 


Vitis, see Ampelopsis. 
VirrTarRia, 102. 


lineata (ribbon fern. P. 2%.) frond linear very 
long, pendant: fruit-dots solitary within the 
margin. 


W, 
Woopsta, 104. 


hyperborea (flower-cup fern. Can. P. Ju. 2%.) 
ye pinnate ; leafets S-parted, or gash-pin- 
natifid, wedgeform, obtuse, toothed, rough- 
haired beneath : fruit-dots solitary, at length 
confluent. Small, in tufts. 

- ilvensis (N? Can. P. Ju. 2.) frond bipinnatifid ; 

divisions oblong, obtuse, lower ones repand, 

upper ones entire, rough-haired beneath : fruit- 
dots submarginal, at length confluent: stipe 
villose above. Small. 


Woopwarpbia, 103. 
angustifolia (kidney-fern, C. Au. 2.) barren 


‘Trond pinnatifid ; Suis lanceolate, repand 
ra 


498 WOODWARDIA, XYLOSTEUM. 


slenderly\serrilate : fruit-bearine frond pin- 
| nate Teatets entire, acute, line 2 "About a 
foot high. W. onocleoides. 
virginica (C. Ju. Y.) frond very glabrous, pin- 
nate ; leafets sessile, lanceolate, pinnatifid ; di- 
visions oblong, obtuse, cranulate, fertile ones 
elongated : stipe glabrous, terete. “About a 
foot high. aS BRCM BOS 


2. € 
XANTHIUM, 93. 


strumarium (clott -burr. N. Y. C. H. Au. ©.) 
stem unarmed, branching : leaves cordate, 
lobed, serrate, scabrous, 3-nerved at the base : 
fruit oval, pubescent, with stiff hooked bristles. 
Has alittle the habit of a burdock, 

orientale (C. ©.) stem unarmed : leaves wedge- 
ovate : fruit in strobiles. Here Pursh is expe- 
rimenting upon our patience again. He has 
removed this genus to the class Syngenesia. 


XEROPHYLLUM, 52. 


setifolixem. 'This species is described under the 
Helonias asphodeloides. But Nuttall thinks it 
ought te be placed here. 


XYLOSTEUM, 40. 


ciliatum (fiy-honeysuckle, twin-berry. 0. w-y. M. 
bh.) berries distinct: leaves ovate and subcor- 
date, margin ciliate, in the young state villose 
beneath : corol a little gibbous or calcarate at 
the base, tube ventricose above, divisions short, 
acute : style exsert. RI 

solonis (swamp twin-berry. W. New Hampshire. 
y. M. h.) berries united in one, not distinct : 
two flowers situated on one germ: leaves ob- 


_. XYLOSTEUM, XYRIS. | 499 


Jong-ovate, villose. Berries dark purple.— 
Found first by Dr. Solon Smith (1815) at the 
foot of Whitehills. In 1817 found by Professor 
Dewey and Tutor Bascom, one mile east of 
Williams College, in a swamp. It is a small 
shrub, not aa rate 2 feet high. 
» Remark. Dr. Bigelow thinks this may be the 
villosum of Mx. But I cannot believe that 
Michaux would have omitted the most impor- 
tant character of the species, the united berry, if 
this were his plant. Besides, the place of growth 
given by Mx. is very different from this, as well 
as the colour of the fruit. 


XyYLosTROMA, 119. 
giganiewm (punk, oak-leather. O.) fibres paral- 
el, the whole fungus filling the interstices be- 
tween the cleaveages of decaying wood, I have 
attentively compared our punk with a coloured 
drawing of the European species, and find it 
the same. ‘This drawing may be seen in a 
splendid anonymous work of 3 vols. 8vo. de- 
signed as an illustration of the Linnean system, 
published about 3 years ago in London. 


XYRIS, 28. 


anceps (yellow-eyed grass. Y. H. P. y. Au. 7.) 

- Jeaves linear, obtusish : scape spread and 2- 
edged near the top: scales of the head round- 
‘ish. 6 to 10 inches high. Grows on the mar- 
gin of the Beaver pond, New-Haven. X. car- 
Oliniana. Pursh. 

brevifolia (C. P. y. Au. ¥.) leaves sword-subu- 
late : mane forshne : head a eae P 
eaxcuosa (C. y.) leaves grassy, long: s an 

ft leaves vad Ba zigzag : head S hoedt aelien 
roundish obtuse, Perhaps this description is 
not accurate, 


500 ZANTHORHIZA, ZIGADENUS, 


Z. 


ZANTHORHIZA, 48. 


apiifolia (parsley yellowroot. P. p. Ap. k .) flow- 
ers panicled : leaves compound, subpinnate, a 
little sheathing at the base. 


ZANTHOXYLUM, 99. 


fraxineum (prickly ash, tooth-ache bush. O. g-w. 
M. ».) prickly: leaves pinnate ; leafets lance- 
oval, subentire, sessile, equal at the base ; com- 
mon petiole unarmed : umbels axillary. — 
have examined this plant in various parts of 
New-England and of New-York, without ever 
being able to find the staminate plant. 


ZAPANIA, 71. 


vodifiera (fog-fruit. P. w. Ju. 2/.) leaves wedge- 
obovate, serrate above: spikes head-conic, soli- 
tary, long-peduncled : stem creeping. 

lanceolata (P. w. Ju. 2.) leaves lance-linear, 
sharply serrate : spikes head-conic, solitary, 
long-peduncled : stem creeping. 


~ ZEA, 91. 
mays (indian corn. O. y-g. Ju. &.) leaves lance- 
linear, entire, keeled. Var. precow (dw 
corn) stem low : seeds mostly 8-rewed. 
ZIGADENUS, 52. 
slaberrimus (zigadene. P, w. J. bos scape leafy ; 


bracts ovate, acuminate: petals acuminate; 
leaves long, recurved, channelled. 


\~ “JINNIA, ZIZANIA. ss 508 
ZANNIA, 85. 


/ 
giultifiora (P. r. S. ©.) leaves opposite, lance- 
ovate, subpetioled : flowers peduncled. Per- 
haps not anative of North America. Nuttall. 


ZIZANEA, 953.. 


clavulosa (water-oats, wild-rice. C. P. S. @.) 

panicte pyramid-form ; staminate flowers be- 
ow, spreading ; pistillate flowers above, spik- 

ed; appendages to the flowers clavate, awned, 
long ; seed long, cylindric, becoming black. 

fuitans (Lake Champlain. Pursh. Tu. 2.) small 5 
culm slender, branching : leaves linear, flat ; 

‘spikes solitary, axillary, setaceous, about 4+ 

flowered : glumes awnless. = 

miliacea (P. Au. x.) panicle effuse : glumes 
short-awned : staminate and pistillate flowers 
intermixed ; seed ovate, smooth. 


Enp or Parr Uk 


ey 2 ee) 


50% 
_ ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 


‘During the progress of this work, some new re- 
marks have been made by my. correspondents,. 
some thoughts have occurred, and several errors. 
have been detected, which I shall notice here. 

But this addenda is more particularly necessa- 
ry on another account. After 432 pages were 
struck off, I received Nuttall’s genera of North 
American plants.* On comparing his generic 
characters and remarks, with those giver in this 
Manual, I found he had greatly improved them in 
some of those natural assemblages, which are 
always the most difficult. These improvements 
will be found here. 

Nuttall is a strong advocate for some of those 
innovations, which are not received by all botan- 
ists. But he has arranged his genera very near- 


EE eR RS 


* Every teacher of botany, who adopts this Manual, is ad- 
vised to procure Nuttali’s most excellent work on North 
American genera. It will be found very useful in all-cases 
of doubt. His extensive notes and remarks, which are the 
result of long experience and the most persevering industry, 
will be found very instructive ;. though they are mostly con- 
fined to the southern and western states. While I amon the 
subject of botanical works, I will take the liberty to recom- 
mend two more cheap and very useful books. I mean the 
Catalogues of the New-Haven. and New-York plants ;. both 
of which will appear in a few weeks. Meny of the materi. 
als of which the original part of this Manual is composed, 
were derived from a manuscript copy of the New-York cata- 
logue, obligingly furnished by Dr. John Torrey. It will 
not be a naked list of plants ; but will contain many inter- 
esting remarks, popular characters «nd localities ; also full- 
length descriptions of the new species. 

Those who wish to study the genera only of the Crypto-. 
- gamous class, or both genera and species of ferns, will find. 
avery good system in this Manual. But those who wish to 
study the species of fungi, lichens, mosses, liverworts and, 
algae, extensively, must wait for the works of Muhlenberg 
and of Collins, which we hope will shortly appear. Ses. 
preface, page 6. a 


ADDITIONS anny CORRECTIONS. 5035 


‘ly upon Persoon’s plan, excepting that he has re- 

jected the class Dodecandria.* “/// 7 0/)) , 
The following remarks will be made under ati 

alphabetical arrangement of the genera, ,’Phe 

reader is requested to prefix a cross ({) to each 
genus or species in the body of the Manual which 
is noticed here. ‘Then during the investigation 
of plants, it will appear by the occurrence of the 
cross, that something further may be found, 
by searching for the same genus, alphabetically, 

im this addenda. 

Acrostis, stolonifera (fiorin grass. E. Ju. 2.) 

| peal compact : culm creeping, branching: 

~ flowers heaped together : glumes equal, lanceo- 
late, pubescent. This grass was introduced 
from Europe by Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer, 
Now it is periectly naturalized and grows in 
ereat plenty near Albany. 

Arra, oespitosa should be coespitosa. 

Amoi. Improved from Nuttall—fruit oblong, 
having a kind of bark, angular, ridges 5, ob- 
tuse, with the intervals between the ridges 
convex : involucre pinnatifid. 

ANGELICA. ronal General involucre none, 
or caducous. 

Arapis. Nuttall. rine linear, mostly com- 
pressed, crowded, with a subsessile stigma : 
valves veined or nerved : seeds disposed in a 
single series : calyx erect. 

Aster, linarifoluis should be linarifolius. 

ATHYRIUM, aspleniodes should be usplenioides. 

Batsamira, suavolens. should be suaveolens, 

Bromus. Improved, Nuttall. Outer valves of 
* He has distributed our genera of the 11th class, as fol- 

lows : Asarum to class 19, order 13 (taking our method of 

numbering classes and orders.) Hudsonia to 13.1. Portu- 
lacca to 13.1. Lythrum to 12.1. Decumaria to12.1. Ta- 
linum to 13.1. Cuphea to 12.1. Agrimonia to 12.2. Eu- 


phorbia to 20 16. Esula [by the same rule would be] 20. 16. 
and Reseda 13. 2—5. 


504 ADDITIONS ann CORRECTIONS. 


aa corol often bifid at the Doni apiagiors | 

ume pectinately ciliate. ‘ 

Buias, MNardtina: should he edentula, 

LISTACHIA, Improved. Nuttall. Calyx 5- 
parted, divisions acuminate capsule acumi- 
nate. See Nuttall’s genus Leptandra, which is 
a synonym of this genus. 4 A. Rafinesqu e had 
constructed this genus and published itll before 
Mr. Nuttall. And though this was no known to 
M. N. still it is the legitimate name on account 
ofits being first published. See the N aa 
monthly Magazine. 

CENTAUREA acea should be jacea. 

CHimapnina. Nuttall Caivx 5-toothed : pe- 
tals 5: style very short, immersed in the germ $ 
stigma surrounded or edged around with a ring, 
orbicular, with a 5-lobed disk : filaments with 
broad ciliate bases :* capsules 5-celled, mar- 
gins unconnected. 

CrMicrevea. Nuttall. Calyx 4 or 5-leaved : 
petals 4 to 8, defor med,. thickish, sometimes 
Ww anling + capsules 1 to 5, many-seeded : seeds 
scaly 

CLEMATIS, hexagona. IT am now conv inced, 
that this is a very singular variety of the Atra- 
gene americana, in which the numerous petals, 
within the coloured calyx (or according to 
Pursh, the spatulate nectaries, alternating with 
the petals, and the dilated outer filaments) were 
nearly all cylindric and bearing perfect an- 
thers. I have found some of this character, 
while others were as described by Pursh, on 
the same plant, this season. The reader will 
please to prefix the cross to the Atrogene ame- 
ricana also. 


* The reader is not to make Mr. Nuttall responsible for 
what may be deemed unscientific, or not sufficiently technic- 
al, inthe language. For I depart from his language in all 
cases where it is necessary, for the purpose of making the 
language of this Manyal uniform. 


ADDITIONS axp CORRECTIONS. 505 


MORATAEGUS, punctata, erase P. and substitute O. 
“CymBrpivm, hiemale, erase the words “ in pairs,” 
and insert * solitary.” Mr. Edwin James had 
found this plant in abundance near Middlebury 
“College in Vermont, (where it is called putty 
root) and about Albany. But could never make 
it agree with any author's description ; as all 
' give it two radical leaves. Mr. Nuttall has cor- 
_ rected the error. See his Genera, vol. 2, p. 198. 
‘He has however separated from this genus, this 
species, together with the corallorhizwm and 
odontorhixum, and madé a new genus, which he 
calls Corallorhiza. 

-Oynoctesum. Improved. Nuttall—throat of the 
corol closed hy 5 converging, convex, process- 
es: stigma emarginate, 

ERIOCAULON, gnap/ualioides (New-Jersey. Ju. 2/.) 
scape subcompressed, with 10 grooves : leaves 
short, subulate-ensiform, glabrous ; heads hem- 
ispheric-convex : the inyolucre consists of shin- 

ing, scarious, oval, round-obtuse scales, Late- 
ly found in New-Jersey by Dr. Torrey. Here- 
tofore found only in the Southern states. 

Evoyymus. Improved. Nuttall—the base of 
the calyx inside covered with a flat, peltate 

_ disk : petals 5, spreading,-inserted on the out- 
_side margin of the glandular disk, 

Freruna. Improved, Nuttall—petals oblong : 
seeds marked with 3 lines on the back ;: inter- 
yals and seam (or the pare where the seeds 
unite, commissure) striate. 

Festuca. Improved. Nuttall_—spikelets com- 
pressed, twe-ranked, acute at both ends : outer 
Nae of the coral entire—seed growing on the 
corol., 

Gato. sirictum should be strictum. 

GERANIUM, diessctum, should he dissectum. 

GuiycrreHiza, afficinalis, should be officinalis. 

Heracteum. Improved. Nuttall—fruit emar- 
ginate at the top, wee with 3 lines, intervals 

s 


zt6 ADDITIONS ann CORRECTIONS. 


spotted or dotted half way down; the joining 
_ of the seed (commissure) flat, 2-dotted: involu- 
cre none. _Persoon says the involucre is 
caducous. We rarely find the involucre ; but 
_ TE believe itis because it falls of, while the umbel 
is unfolding. , ste 
imMPERATORIA. Improved. Nuttall—fruit emar- 
ginate at the base, 3 ridges on the back of each 
seed, obtuse, intervals flat, convex, 
Kyriietra. The geuns, at pase 28, should have 
been placed under section D. at page 29. 
Latuyrus, stapulaceus, should be stipulaceus. 
Mr. E,. James found this species this season 
(1818) on Catskill Mt. 


LrmnetTis. Improved. Nuttall—fiowers in uni- | 
lateral, or one-sided, ‘spikes—seeds oblong, — 


compressed. ; ‘ : 
Lycium, barbarewm. This species varies into 
the fifth class. 


Lycunis. At page 60, strike out the word. 


“ smooth,” and add at the end—capsule with a 
5-toothed opening. one 


Mataxts. uttall. Petals 5, narrower than the — 
lip, spreading or deflected : lip flattened, un- — 


divided, sessile (mostly situated behind) the col- 
umn (including the style, &c.) lengthened and 
somewhat straightened : rolls of pollen (pollin- 


ia) 4, parallel, affixed to the summit of the 


- 


stigma. , 
Marrvupium. Motherwort should be horehound. 
Marniscus. The genus at page 29, should have 


been placed under section D. at the bottom of 


the same page. 


MEnyANTHES. Improved. Nuttall—corol fun- 
nel-form: border densely villose on the upper 


side. ' 


MicroPetTatum. [Make one cross and interline | 


this word on page 59, immediately over PEN- 


TAGYNIA ; and again on page 319, over Mika- | 
nia] calyx 5-leaved, spreading: petals 5, en- — 


ow 


ADDITIONS ann CORRECTIONS 507 


tire, minute or none: capsule ovate, 4-valved. 
_Nattall says this is a trifling genus, and ought to 
De united to Stellaria. lanzeolatum (Catskill 
Mt. P. Ju. %.) glabrous: leaves lanceolate, 
narrowed at both ends: flowers panicled : pe- 
tals ovate, very short. grainineum (C.J. 2.) 
very glabrous: leaves linear, erect: ane 
terminal, lax : pedicels filiform: petals lanceo-~ 
late, of the length of the calyx. | 

Myosoris. Improved, Nuttall—throat of the 
corol closed with. 5 small convex, converging 
scales. 

Myreuis, see Uraspermum. further on. 

NYMPHAEA. Improved, Nuttall and Tracy— 
petals about equalling the calyx in length, in- 
serted upon, or adhering te, the germ, beneath 
the stamens. 

Nopuar, At page 65, about one third of the edi- 
tion was struck off with Naphar instead of 
Nuphar. 

OENOTHERA, chrsesaniha, page 332, should be 
chrysantha, 

Oropancue. [Nuttall has divided. this genus, so 

- that our three species are in separate genera. 
I regret, that he had not rather left them as 
they were, and given us an improved definition 
of the old genus with his usual accuracy. Iwill 
now attempt it from his remarks,] Improved. 
Calyx 4 or 5-cleft, or 5-toothed: corol more 
or less ringent, or equally 5-cleft: capsule 
ovate, acute, or oblique-truncate, 1-celled, 2- 
valved, many-seeded. Sometimes there is a 

land beneath the base of the germ; when this 
is Wanting, the capsule is truncate and opens 
only on one side. 

ORonTIUM, aqualicum. Erase floating arum and 
insert, golden-club, 

Panassia, alter to Parnassia. Page $49. 

PRIMULA, auricula, for auricula tulip, write auri- 
cula primrose. 7 


508 ADDITIONS snp. CORRECTIONS. 


Prunvs serotina. Erase choke-berry. and insert 
choke-cherry.  ~ | Pit tras Vea iil 
Pyrota. Nuttall. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted : 
petals 5, caducous : style exsért: capsule 5- 
celled, opening at the angles. near the base ; 
margins of the vaives connected by entangled. 
dowi:... ‘THe middle: partitions of the capsule 
uniting with the columella : seeds very numer- 
ous, minute, and partaking a little of the form 

of a.samara.-. pet badiciage 
Savi, sclava; should be sclarav. 
Scirpus. [Erroneously printed at page 29.] 
Improved=style caducous. ‘This ete best 
character by which it is distinguished from 
Rhynchospora, For in the latter some part of 
the style remains permanent upon the. seed. 
Sor1paGo, rauta, should be arguta.. ‘This. error 
_ extends through but part of the edition. _ 
Gotta At page 48,.for heads-read 
AL'S... 
Turritis. Nuttall. Silique elongated, 2-edg- 
ed: valves nerved or keeled: seeds disposed 
in two yews, or-a double seriés. By this last 
character it is best distinguished from Arobis,. 
whose. seeds are all arranged in, one series. 
URasPerMuM. | Prefix the cross, referring to 
this, to Myrrhis, page 326 and 46.] Nuttall has 
here added another name, to the many hereto- 
fore given, intended, I. presume,. to include. 
the sweet cicily.. Fruit sublinear, solid, acute- 
angled, tailed, and not striate ; angles a little 
furrowed, hispid ; the joining sides of the seeds~ 
furrowed ; style subulate, permanent, termin- 
ating the fruit, Tam still altogether at a loss. 
vespecting the two plants, which we call the 
sweet cicily and poison cicily. = = 8 © . 
Veronica. Improved. Nuttall. Capsules ob- 
cordate. "This is a decisive character toe dis- 
iinguish this genus from the Callistachia. 
Note, Several specific names, which shonlé 


ADDITIONS anp CORRECTIONS. 509 


‘begin with c, begin with e ; but they may be rea- 
dily corrected without being referred to. At the 
foot of page 120 add, E, stands for exouics. 


ADVERTISEMENY: 


‘The plants described in this Manual are as 
follows. Phenogamous. genera 690.—Indigenous 
species 1950. Exotic species’542. Introduced from 
the Southern states 22. Cryptogamous genera 100° 


Species 476. ‘Total species 2790. None have been 


omitted (unless by mistake) which are known to 
inhabit any part of the United States, north and 
north-east of Virginia ; excepting rare exotics. © 


Itis the intention of Messrs. Websters and 


Skinners, always to keep on hand a supply of the 
Manual, sufficient to answer all orders. ‘The 
science of Botany is continually receiving impor- 
tant contributions from the original productions 
of able Naturalists. Such works are: becoming 
very interesting and do honor to the American 
character. A pocket book of reference, embrace. 
ing the essence of these learned labors, is, per- 
haps, indispensible. No pains will be spared to 
add to the present contents of this Manual, the 
results of future investigation, as fast as they ap- 
pear. 

Heretofore it seemed to be the opinion of most 
Botanists, that enlarged descriptions of the plants 
of such an extensive district, could not be includ- 
ed in a book of this portable size. Now the book 
is completed, it will be seen, that the descriptions 
are, in most cases nearly as extensive as those of 
Willdenow ; and far more extensive than those of 
Persoon- | 


ihre aps tata 


UND IBIE 


TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 


WWen @ @wrwwse 

A. Ashwort 206 
Page| Asparagus 150 
ACACIA ° 403 | Aspen 375 
Adam and Bye =. 224 Asphodel 150,528,466 
Addermouth $13 | Aster 177 
Addertongue 242,333 | Auricula $82 
Agave 126 | Avens 258 
Agrimony 126 | Awl-cap moss 262 

Albany hemp 477 B 

Alder 130,131,209,382, ¥ 
398 | Bachelor’s button 261 
Alexanders 441| Balm 210,317 
Allspice 184 | Balm-of-gilead 235,375 
Almond 134 | Balsam apple $22 
Allum root 270 | Balsam poplar 375 
Aloe 129 | Balsam tree 359 
Amaranth 132,261 | Balsam weed 282 
Anemone 137,158 | Bane-berry 123 
Angelica 138,141 | Barberry 172 
Apple 221,228,389 Barley 974 
Apricot 145 | Barn-grass $39 
Arathusa 143 | Basil 351,387 
Arbor-vitae 464 | Basket-of-gold 131 

- Arbutus 238 | Basswood 465 - 

_ Archangel 138! Bayberry $26 
Arnic 145 | Bead fungus $25 
Arrowgrass 470] Bead tree 317 
Arrow-head 412/ Bean 259,355,356,491 
Arrow-wood 490] Bear berry 2 
Artemisia 146! Beard grass 136,144 
Artichoke 224,267 | Beard throat 134 
Arum 147,336 | Beard tongue 353 
Ash 250,451 | Beaver tree 313 


512 INDEX. 

Bedstraw ~ 953 | Borage ke AFF 
Beech 247 | Bowman’s root 456 
Beech drops $23-24,336 | Box — » © 181,217 
Beehive 316 | Box-flower $90 
Beet 172 | Brake 886 
Beggarticks 173,174| Bramble — 440 
Bell-flower | 184,185 Brier-herh 408 
Bellwort 480 | Brittle lichen 168 
Bent grass 126 | Brompton queens 202 
Betony 172 | Brompton stock 202 
Bilberry 484 | Brooklime 487 
Gindweed 214,215,284 | Brook-liverwort © 314 
Birch - 172,173 | Brookweed 420 
Birdsnest 325 | Broom 2555453 
Birthwort 144 | Broom corn 452 
Bishopweed 134 | Brooin grass 179 
Bitter lichen 484 | Buckbean $18 
‘Bitternut 288} Buckthorn. 275,309 
Bittersweet 197,442 | Buckwheat Leg FO 
Blackberry 408 | Buffalo clover 468 
Black-flower 316 | Bugbane » 205 
Black-snake root 205|Bugloss 134,171,236 
Bladder-campion 221]! Bullrush ABT 
Bladder-mouth 233 | Bunch flower 816 
Bladdernut 457 | Burdock 142 
Bladder senna 210 | Burnet 380 
Bladderwort 479 | Burnet saxifrage 421 
- Blazing star 485 | Burning bush 243 
Blessed thistle 199 | Burr-flower 277 
Blight 475|Burr-marygold 174 
Blite 175 | Burr-reed 452 
Bloodroot 421 | Bush clover $00 
Biue-bottle 198| Bush trefoil § 264 
Blue-curls _ 467 | Butterfly weed = 488 
Blue-eyed-grass 439} Button bush 199 
Blue-grass 363 | Butternut. 287 
Blue-hiearts 181] Button wood 868 
Blue thistte 256 | C da 
Bog-rush 299,400,425 ‘ 

Boneset 245,292 | Cabbage 178 


INDEX. 543 

€alabash _ 222, Chesnut’ 124,197 
Calomint 817 | Chess 179 
Camphor 216,295! Chickweed 131,134, 
Campion 126,221] .183,199,273,394,491 
Canary. grass 355 | Chick-wintergreen 468 
Cancer root 336 | China aster 158 
Candy tuft 282 | Chinquapin 197 
Cane 412| Choke-berry} 145 
Canterberry bells 185 | Choke-dog 224. 
Caper 242| Chrysanthemum 205 
Caraway 181,182,196 | Cicily 201,326. 
‘Cardinal flower 505} Cinquefoil. 378—580 
€ardoon 294 | Cives 130: 
Carnation. 280 | Clary. 420 
Carolina potato. 215) Cleavers 255 
‘Carpet weed $22 | Climbing fern: 31} 
Carrot 928 | Clott-burr 498 
Cased fungus. 128 | Cloud berry 409 
assia. 196 | Clover - 468,469 
Caster-oil plant 403 |, Clown-heal 456 
Catalpa 197 | Club fungus 207 
Catchfly. 487 | C}ub moss. 309 
Caterpillar-fern 432} Club rush 314,425 
Caterpillars 482 pani heat Brees 567° 
Catmint. $29 | Cockle 126. 
Catnep. $29 | Cock’s crest 198 
Gat’s eye 424,| Cohosh 197,205 
Cat-tai 473 | Colic-weed 218 
Cedar- 223,291,464. | Colt’s. foot 473 
€elandine 2 | Columbine 140,141 
‘Celery 140 | Comfrey 460 
Centaury, 198,199 | Cone-flower 409 
. 204,368 | Coral-lichen 286 

Chaff-seed 425 | Coral-root, 224 
Chamomile 139,177, | Coriander 216 
$15 | Costmary 170. 

-Charlock 397 | Cotton 262 
Ghecker-berry 321 | Cotton grass 244 
Cherry. 217,358,383, | Cotton thistle $32 
' $85,442 | Cotton tree 3876 
Cherville 201 | Cotton wood 37%: 


Custard appie 139, 376 


Cut-grass 298 
Cypress 203,223 
D, 
Daffodil $27 
Daisy 172,245 
Dandelion 292,299 
Darnel grass 306 
Day-flower 210 
Day-lily 269 
Dead-nettle 293 
Decumary 229 
Peergrass 398 
Dewberry 408 
Dill 138 


Dish-funers 


354, 


514 INDEX. 
Cowhage 234 | Dittan Lees 
Cowslip 183,184,234 | Dock 410,411 
Cow-wheat ~ $16 | Dockmackie 490 
Coxcemb 132 | Dodder 223 
Crab apple $89 | Dog-bane 140 
€ranberry 338,489 | Dogtail grass 236 
Creeping cereus 182] Dogtooth violet 242 
Creeping moss 315 | Dogweed ee ie 
Crowberry 237 | Dogwood 121,217,2. 
Crowfoot 394 te 397 | Double-tooth moss 232 
Crownbeard 486 | Dragon 146 
Crowneup 453| Dragoness-plant 234 
Crownimperial 250} Dragon-head 235 
Crust lichen 463|Dropseed grass 325 
Cuckow-flower 1861 Duckmeat. 298 
Cucumber,  221,222,| Dust-leaf 135 
315,317,436 | Dyer’s broom 255: 
Cucumber-tree 313 | Dyer’s weed 397 
Culver’s physic 183 
Currant 400.401 E.. 
Currant-leaf’ $21 | 
Curve-hair moss 336] Earth moss 355 


Egg-plant 442 
Elder. 122,420: 
EKlecampane 233 
Elephant foot 23 

Elm A474 
Endive 205 
Eye-bright 246 

F. 

False flax 464 
False moss 290 
Featherbeds .- 201 
Feather-grass 459 
Fennel 138,247 
Fennel-flower 830 
Fescue-grass . Q47 


Efflorescent lichen 455: 


INDEX. FAG 


Gold thread 216 


Four o'clock $20 y 
Gooseberry 401,402 — 


Four tooth moss 461 


Festoon pine $10 | Foxglove 232,257 
Fever-bush 295 | Foxtail 131 
Feverfew 204 | Fringe-tree 204 
Fever root 471 Fritillary 250 
Fig 248 | Frog’s spittle 211 
— 433 | Frost plant 206° . 
Filbert 219 | Fumitory 251 
Fine-haired fern 230 | Funegreek 470 
Finger grass 252 | Fungus-lichen 182 
Fir | 359 | Furze 474 
Fireweed 455 
Fivefinger 210,378,379 G. 
Flag 122,285,452 
Flat-cup lichen — 485 | Galingale 235 
Flattop 487 | Gall-of-the-earth 451 
Flax 140,304,464 | Garden bean 49} 
Flaxseed 299 | Garlic 130 
Fleabane 239 | Gay feather 301 
Floating daisy 243 | Gem-fruit 465 
Floating heart 492!1Gentian 255,256,285. 
Floating liverwort 402 _ 459 
Flower-cup fern 497 | Geranium 241,256," 
Flower-de-luce 284 “+ 35.15352 
Flowering fern 337 | Germander 461 
Flowering nettle 252! Gill-overground | 259 
Flowering rush 424 | Ginger 148 
- Flowering winter- Ginseng $39,471 
green ! 368 | Glasswort 4i4 
Flower-of-an-hour 272 | Globe-flower 472 
Fly honeysuckle 498 | Globe-thistle 236 
Fog-fruit 500 | Globule-fungus 453 
Follicle vine $54 | Glue seaweed 474 
Fork chickweed 374 | Goat’s beard 466 
Fork-fern 122 | Goat’s rue 952 
Fork-moss 230 | Golden club 336 
Fork-spike 137 | Golden rod 443, to 450 
Forkstems 403 | Golden thistle 432 
Fothergill’s bush 249} Gold-of-pleasure 325 _ 


—_ 


516 INDEX. 


Gourd - 222 | Helonias | 69 
Grain rust ~475|Hemlock 205,212,360 — 
Grape 134,496,497 | Hemp 122,185,228,477 
Grape-fern 177|Hempweed =—>s- 245 
Grass-pink 224 | Henbane fare: 75 
Grass-weed 300 | Henbit _ 893° 
Greek valerian 368}Herbrobert- «256 
Green brier 440 | Hibiscus ; 271. 
Green hair 211,212} Hickory 288 -— 
Gromwell $05,333 | Hidden lichen. —-237 
Ground flower 368| High cranberry 489 
Ground ivy 259} High-water shrob 286 
Ground nut 141,260,|Hebble bush —«-_- 489 
339 | Hogweed Saher GR: 
Ground pine 309,386 | Holly 241,282 
Groundsel 166,435 | Hollyheck ’ peti ro 
Guclder rose 489,490 | Honesty 308°” 
ixuinea-hen flewer 250|Honewort . 438 
_| Honeycomb tead- _ 
ii. stool 175 
Honey locust 259 
Hackmatack $61 | Honey-suckle 165,166, 
Hagberry 198 232,306,399 
Hairbeard 162 |.Honey wort, 206 
flair-cap moss, 474 | Hoodwort 433 
Hair grass 128 | Hoopash 198 - 
Hair-mouth moss, 467 | Hop 275 
Hardhack 455 | Herehound $11,315 
Hawksbeard 466|Hornbeam 195,337 ~ 
Hawkweed 140,272} Hornedlichen 217 
Hazlenut 219 | Hornwort — 200 
Heal-all 351,883| Horse halm = 210 
Heart’s ease 494} Horse ginseng 471 
Heart seed 186 | Horse tail _ 239 
Heart watershield 38) Hound tongue 225 
Heath 239,274,318 | Houseleek 434 
Hedgehog 198,314,315 | Hyacinth 275 
Hedge hyssop 262|Hydrangea 274,276 
Hedge nettle 456 | Hygrometer moss 251 
Hellebore 268,485 ' Hyssop 262,281 


‘ 


ENDEX. 


Jerusalem cherry 442 


Jewel weed 283 
-Sob’s tear 210 
Joe pye 245 
John’s wort 277,422 
Joint weed, 872 
Jonquil 327 
Judas tree 200 
July-flower 200 
Juniper 291 


ne I... 
Tceland lichen 200 
Ice plant 319,43: 
Indian corn 500 
Indian cress 472 
YPodian grass 136 
Indian hemp 140 
Indian mallows 436 
Indian millet 452 
Indian physic 456 
Indian poke 485}: 
Indian reed 206 } 
Indian turnip 146 
Indigo 134,283,367 
Ink berry 382 
Ipecac 456 
Tris 285 
Tron wood 337 
Itchweed 485 
Itea 286 
ivy 259,264,400 
. oa 
d. 

_Jacob’s ladder 441 
_Jalap 215 
Japan shrub 164 
Jasmine 284,287 
Jerusalem artichoke 

267 


5b? 
K. 
Kale 178 
Ketmia 272 
Kidney bean 355 
Kidney fern 497 
Kingspear 150 
Knawel 431 
Knobbed lichen 458 
Knotgrass 282,370 
Knotweed 370,371,372 
bE. 
Ladies’ flag 285 
Ladies’ slipper 227 
Ladies’ thumb 371 


Laides’ tresses 328,329 
5 


Lamb lettuce 247 
‘Larch: 361 
‘Larkspur 229 
Latticed fungus 207 
Laurel 292,313 
Laurestine 489 
Lavander 295,467 
Leaf-cup 373 
Leaf-flower 358 
‘Leafless moss 181 
Leather 263 
Leather flower ' 
Leather leaf’ 136 
Leather wood 233 
Leek 129 
_Lemon 207 
‘Leopard’s*bane, 34 
Leprous lichen, 299 
Lettered lichen: 333 
Lettuce 293,381 
Lichnidia’ — 356,357 
Lichnis 338 
Life-everlasting 260 


ae 4 


——— 


INDEX. 


516. 
Light hair 467} Many-haired moss 466 
Lilac 460| Maple .. SPI ~~ 
Lily 13 353025330 Marestail << BFS 
Lily-of-the-valley 213,| Marjorim .. 335 
234] Marsh fivefinger 210 
Lime 207 | Marsh rosemary 457 
Lime-grass 236 | Marsh tea: 
Limodore 303 | Marygold 182;460 
Bindern 304 | Masterwort' 233 
Lip-fern 201 | Matrimony 809 
Liquorice 254,260 | May apple ‘367 
Liveforever 434 | Mayweed 139 
Liverleaf £69 | Meadow beauty 398 
Liverwort 139,514,402 | Meadow grass 131,363, 
Lizard tail 423 3644367 
Locust 2595403,404| Meadowrue 462 
Lolly bay 262 | Meadow sweet 455 
Lombardy pdplar . 376 | Mechoacon 214 
Loosestrife 255,311 | Medick eos 
Lopseed 358 | Medlar 145,319 
TLousewort 350 |i Melic grass, 317 
Lovage 301 | Mefilot 317 
Love apple 442 | Mercury 121,202 
‘ Love-lies-bleeding: 132} Mermaid 248,333 
Low centaury 368 | Mezereon Sag 
Lucerne medic S15 | Mignonette 397 
Langwort $87 | Milfoil 326 
Lupine 08 | Milk parsley. 434 
. Milkway plant’ —-_252 
M. Milkweed 14 8,149 
: _ | Milkwort 2593368, 369 
Madder 407 | Millet "336, 152 
Madeira-nut 287 | Millet grass, 320 
Madwort 131} Mint . 318,322,387 
Magnolia 313 | Misseltoe 496 
Maidenhair 123 | Mithridate mustard 464 
Malabar-nut 292} Mite lichen 488 
Mallows 131,271,295, _Mitrewort . 465. 
», 296,313,314,327,436 | Mock orange 356 
Mandrake 347 | Monkey flower 520 ~ 


INDEX. 519 


onk’s hood 122|Panicgrass * (339 
oonseed $18 | Pansey 49-4 
Moosewood 233} Paper-tooth moss 170 
Morel 324 | Pappose root 197 
orning glory 215,284 | Parnassus-grass_ - 549 
oss bush 135 | Parsley 140,197,434 
Mther-of-thyme 464] Parsnip 350,439 
guntain mint 387 | Partridge berry 321 
ousear 261 | Partridge pea 196 
Mousear chickweed 199 | Paspalon grass 349 
Mudwort 303 | Passion-flower 350 
Mugwort 146] Pea 294429 5,362 
berry 179,183,324] Peach 134 
Mullein ©§ 485,486| Pear 182,389 
fushroom 124] Pearlwort A412 
uskmelon 221 | Peat moss 1 454 
Mustard 208,242,438 | Pellitory 343 
464,473 | Pencil flower 459 
Myrtle 327 | Penny-cress 464 
Penny-royal 254 
N. Pennywort 276,331 
' | Peony 339 
Narcissus 328 | Pepper 185 
Nasturtion 472 | Peppergrass 299 
Navelwort 276 Pepperidge 331 
Necklace weed 123 | Peppermint 318 
Nelombo 328 | Periwinkle 492 
Nettle 175,252,476,477 | Persimon 233 
Nettle tree 197 | Peter’s wort 150 
~ Net-tooth moss 316 | Phacelia 354, 
_ New-Jersey tea 179} Pheasant’s eye 123 
Nightshade 164,206,442 | Pickerel weed = 375 
Ninebark 455 | Pigmy weed 465 
Nitweed 422 | Pignut 288 - 
Nymph _ | 248 | Pigweed 202,208 
() sot | Pimpernel 437 
) se Pine 3$09,310,360,361 — 
, Pine apple 179 
Painted cup 171} Pink fungus 462 
Palma christi 403 ' Pink root AGS 


- 
- 


530 INDEX, 


Pinweed 296 | Pyramid flower | 256 
Pipestem 136: eet S 
Pipewort 240,241 Q. 
Pippin 389 eb ff 
Pit-back lichen 458 Quake grass 178 
Pitcher-shield Queen-of-the-mea- 
lichen 475+ dow 455 
Plane tree 363 | Quickset 220. 
Plantain 129,349,362 Quince 889 
Plowman’s spike- | 
nard 167 R. 
Plowman’s wort 215. . 
Plum 384,387| Rabbit foot 468 
Poison-ash 400| Radish 210,242,397, 
Poison ivy 400 438. 
Poison oak 400 Ragged cup 437- 
Poison vine _ 400} Ragged robin 308 
Poke 359485 Ragwort 435 
Polyauthes 327 | Raspberry 407,408 
Polypod 373 | Rattle 398 
Pomegranite 887 | Rattlebox 221 
Pond lily 330 | Rattlesnake grass 179 
Pondweed 376,377,411 | Red bud 200 
Poplar 375 | Red root 252 
Poppy _ $431 Red top 127 
Potato “215,442 | Reed 206 
Prickly ash 500 | Reed grass 147,289 
Prickly fungus 275 | Reed mace 473. 
Prickly pear 182 | Rhodora 399. 
Prick-tooth moss $21! Rhubarb 398 
Pride weed 239 | Ribbon fern ' 497 
Prim $02 | Ribbon grass 355. 
Primrose $31,381,382 | Ribwort | 362 
Prince’s feather $71 | Rice -$37,500# 
Prince’s pine 203! Rich-weed ee 0) 
Puccoon 171 Robert 256 
Puffball $09,452,458 | Rocket 181,276 
Pumpkin 222 | Rockrose 206 
Punk 275,499 | Roman fern 174 


Purslain 286,376! Rose 206, 404 to 407 


/ 


INDEX. 


Rosebay — 329,899 
Rosemary 407,467 
Rough-seed 403 
Round head = 175,352 
Rue 411,462 
Ruel 410 
Rush 239 
Rush grass 288,303,475 
Rust 475,176 
Rye 236,48 4 
Ss. 
* 

Saffron 196,220 
Sage 420 
Saint John’s wort 27 
Salsify | 466 
Salt grass 308 
Saltwort 419 
Samphire 4s 
Sanicle 424,438 
Sandwort 142 
Sarsaparilla $42 
Sassalras 295 
Satin flower 308 
Satyrion 425 
Savin ‘S91 
Savory 422 


Saxifrage 205,421,423 


Scabious 424 
Scabish 331,332 
Scarlet lichen 168 
Scarlet runner 356 
Scotch broom 453 
Serew-stem °- 470 
Scull-cap 433 
Scurvy grass 210 
Sea burdock 93 
Sea lavender 467 
Searuskgvass 475 


sor 
Seaweed  250,2515474 
Sedge 187 
Seedball lichen 454 
Seedbox 307 
Selfheul 383 
Seneca snakeroot 369 
Senna 196,210 
Sensitive fern 332 


Sensitive plant 125,320 


Shad-bush 145 
Shallot 130 
Sheep berry 489 
Sheplierd’s purse 464 
Shield lichen 343 
Shin leaf 388 
Shinwool 461 
Shot bush 141 
Shrubby fungus 207 
Sidesaddle 422 
Simpler’s joy 483 


Single-seed cucum- 


ber, 436 


Skunk cabbage 380 
Sleek leaf 298 
Sleepy catchfly 43 
Sleepy moss 279 
Sloe 385,384 
Smallpox lichen 484 
Sineliage 301 
Smoke fungus 269 
Smut 476 
Snailshe! 306 
Snakehead 202 
Snakemouth | 143 
Snakeweed 43 
Snakeroot 144,148, 
203,369 
Snap-dragon 139,146 
Snowball - 489 
252 


Snewdrop 


ym, 


INDEX. 


Snuff-box 162 , Stoneseed 305. 
Soapwort 421,422 | Strait-hair moss - 338 
Soft grass 273| Strawberry 228,249 
Selptnon’ s seal 213,214 | Succ ory ’ AY 
Soot fungus 251 | Sugar bane iN 
Sorrel 294,337 | Sultan 199 
‘Sorrel tree 135|Sumach - 399 
Sour gum 331) Summercypress 203 
Southern ood 146 | Sundew 235 
ow thistle 451 | Sundrops $32 

ich broom 4531 Sunflower 216,266,409 
Spearwort 395,396 | Sweatweed 271 
Speedwell 487,488 | Sweet briar A05 
Spice bush 295| Sweet cicily 326 
Spiderwort A66 | Sweet fern 211 
Spikenard 142,167 | Sweet flag 122 
Spinach 454 | Sweet gale 326 
Spindle tree 243 | Sweet gum 304 
Spiral-tooth moss 170} Sweet pepper bush 209 
Spleenwort 153 | Sweet tree 122 . 
Split-flower 354 | Sweet william 29 
Spring beauty 207 | Sycamore 
Spruce $59,360 | Syringa ees 
Spurge 246 fest 
Spurry 453 T. 

Spur-stem 492 . 

Squash 222 F'Valiny 460 
Squawroot 336 | Tamarack $6i 
Staff tree 197 | Tamarisk 461 
Star-flower 153 | Tangle-legs 489 
Stargrass 281 | Tansey 17 05461 
Star-of-Bethlehem 335 | Tape grass 484 
Starwort 183,457 | Target lichen 352 
Steen-crout 305 |'T'assel pondweed 411 
Steeple bush 455|'Tea — 197,298,322,463 
Stemless moss 181 | Teasel 233 
Stinger 477 | Thin grass 467 
Stitchwort 458} Thistle 186,199,209, 
Stock 202 236,332,432 
Stone-crop 4341 Thorn 2195220,319 


we 


i 


INDEX. 
T ornapple 228) Umbrella moss = 456 
oroughwort 242,319 | Umbrella tréé 313 
Thecadioot $68 |} Unicorn plant 315 
iread moss 180 | Unicorn root 129 
ree birds 139) Uva-ursi 142 
yme 17 8,2 iit /¢ y 
465 ; 
Timothy grass 356 i | is 
oadflax 140,463 | Valerian 368,184 
Toadstool 124,175,319 | Vegetable oystér 466 
Tobacco 121,306,329 | Veined toadstéolk 319 
"Tomatoes 442 Venus’ fiytrap 233 
'Tooth-ache bush  500{ Venus’ looking 24 
‘Looth coral 224 ¥ glass ion 185 
Looth cu - 133 | Venus’ pride 274 
'Poothless moss 263 | Vernal grass 139 
"Toothwort _. 229 | Vervain 486 
'Touch-me-not 283 | Vetclr 161,162,295,491 
'Louchwood 176 | Vetchling 294 
‘Tower mustard 473 | Violet 2423374,492 
"Tree moss 209,478 to 496 
eee primrose 331} Vipers grass 452 
‘ee-weed 309 | Virgin’s bower 208 
'Trefoil 264 Ww 
Trickle 229 
"Trumpet flower 174! Wake robin ‘46,470,471 
‘Tubercle fungus 472 | Walking leaf 152 
‘Fuberose * $68] Wall cress 141 
‘Tulip 473 | Wall-flower 201,202 
‘Tulip tree 507 | Walnut 287 5288 
-'Tunnel fungus 223 | Water arum 133 
"Tupelo 31 | Watercress 186,439 © 
Turnip 146,178 | Water-flaxsced 299 
"T'win-berry 498 | Water horehound 5:1 
"P'win-flower 304 | Water leaf 277 
‘Twin-leaf 287 | Water lily 330 
‘Twayblade 313 | Watermelon 222 
U Water milfoil 326 
44 Water moss 249 
Umbrellagrass 251! Water nymph 327 


524 


Sa oats 
ater pepper 
Water ne i 
Watershield . 
_Wax-liverwort, 
Waxweed 
Weedgrass. 
Wheat 

- Wheat-thief 
Whip grass 
White bush 
White grass 
White top 
White wood 
Whitlow grass 


Whortleberry. 482,48 
414 to 4ly 
238,312 | Yellow root- 


Willow 
Willowherb 
Wind flower 
Winterberry 
- Winter-cherry 


234 
, 
2 


Wiregrass _. 
Witch-hazle 
Woad 


“Wolf.Bhne 
Woodbine 


Woodsage 


“Woodsorrel 


Wormseed 


51 Wormwood: 


Y¥. 


Yam-root. 


- Yarrow 
Yellow coxcomb - 
Yellow-eyed grass 


Yellow rattle 


137 Yellow seed 


382 


358 


Wintergreen 203,254, 
255,368,388 Zigadene 


Yew 


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